4th Annual Conference & Exhibition
For Metering, Billing and Customer Service
In Electricity Industry in the Middle East & Africa
Eng. Maher Soliman Matta
Eng. Azza Abdel Hady
Eng. Ramadan F.A. El-Fetouh
Head of South Cairo Network
Sectors
Cairo Electricity Distribution Co.
General
manager
for
technical planning affairs
Egyptian Electricity Holding
Co.
Senior planning Engineer
Egyptian Electricity Holding Co.
October 2003
1
 The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893, the
generation and distribution were owned by private
companies for about 70 years.
 In July 2001, significant changes in the structure of
the electricity and energy sector took place,
production and distribution were unbundled.
2
 The power system in Egypt serves about 19.2 million
customers of which about 16.5 million residential.
 The total annual energy meters required is about
1018116 meters.
 The metering system in Egypt still depends on the
electromechanical
meters
that
have
many
disadvantages including low accuracy.
3
 Today's energy measurement application demand
that energy meters be both intelligent and powerful
to
satisfy
ELECTRIC
UTILITES
challenges
of
accurate measurement besides information needed
for improving power quality, customer service and
planning for future, a complete energy measurement
and a communication system can integrate Power
Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load Profiling,
Cutoffs Reporting and more.
4
 This presentation will briefly give an OVERVIEW OF
THE
EGYPTIAN
ELECTRICITY
AND
SECTOR ,the specifications of
METRES
and
SYSTEM
(AMR)
AUTOMATIC
accepted
ELECTRONIC
METER
by
ENERGY
READING
ELECTRICITY
DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES IN EGYPT.
5
 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector
 Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical
any more?
 ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS
 Features and Capabilities
 Technical Specifications
 AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM
 System Features and Capabilities
 Meter Interface Unit ( MIU )
 Hand Held Unit ( HHU )
 Data Collecting Unit ( DCU )
 Features and Capabilities Of Workstation
 Reports Required From The Workstation
6
 The electricity was introduced in Egypt in 1893
through private companies for about 70 years until
the nationalization took place in 1962.
 In February 1976, the Egyptian Electricity Authority
(EEA) was established under the jurisdiction of the
Ministry Of Electricity and Energy (MOEE).
 EEA was given the exclusive right to generate,
transmit and distribute electricity throughout the
whole country.
7
 In 1984, the Peoples Assembly cancelled the EEA’s
exclusive right to generate and transmit electricity.
 In 1996, law No. 100 grant local and foreign
investors concessions to Build, Own, Operate and
Transfer (BOOT) power generation stations.
 In April 1996, EEA started the activities related to the
BOOT power project.
8
 In 2000, the Egyptian Electricity Authority became
the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC),
a joint stock company.

In
July
2001,
unbundling
the
production,
transmission and distribution functions took place.
 The following chart illustrates the last arrangement of
the power and energy sector in Egypt.
9
Ministry Of Electricity And Energy
Egyptian Electricity Holding Co.
Production
Companies
Egyptian Electricity
Transmission Co.
Distribution
Companies
Cairo
Cairo
East Delta
Alexandria
West Delta
Canal
Upper Egypt
North Delta
Hydro plants
South Delta
Beheira
Middle Egypt
Upper Egypt
10
 Installed Capacity : 17331 MW
Thermal
: 13158 MW (about 76 %)
Hydro
: 2745 MW (about 16 %)
Private Sector : 1365 MW (about 7 %)
Wind
: 63 MW
 Peak Load : 14401 MW
11
 Number of Customers : about 19.2 million
Residential
: about 16.5 million
Commercial
: about 1.5 million
Industry
: about 0.4 million
Other sectors : about 0.8 million
 The total annual required meters : 1018116
Single phase meters
Three phase meters
: 955000
: 63116
12
 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector
 Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical
any more?
 ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS
 Features and Capabilities
 Technical Specifications
 AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM
 System Features and Capabilities
 Meter Interface Unit ( MIU )
 Hand Held Unit ( HHU )
 Data Collecting Unit ( DCU )
 Features and Capabilities Of Workstation
 Reports Required From The Workstation
13
 Electronic Meters
 Have no moving parts or magnets that affect the
accuracy of measurements.
 Have the ability of discovering and registering by
date and time stamp wrong connections such as
current
reverse , phase sequence reverse and
voltage absence.
 Not affected by the external magnetic
fields.
14
 Electronic Meters
 Meters have increased sensitivity, it can achieve
a very high level of accuracy ( Class 0.2 ) that
extends over a wide current dynamic range.
 Meter inclination has no effect to the meter
accuracy.
 Needn’t any calibration through their lifetime,
have
easy
and
stable
calibration
without
hardware adjustment
15
 Electronic Meters
 Can work properly over a wide range of voltage
i.e. not affected by voltage drop.
 Regarding to Industrial Loads one meter can
measure the following :
 Active energy.
 Reactive energy.
 Max. demand by date and time stamp.
 Life time of the meter extends to 30 years and
more and have low power consumption.
16
 Electronic Meters
 Easily
enable
automatic
new
meter
functionalities
reading
(AMR),
such
as
multi-tariff
billing, prepayment, load shedding, power outage
detection, power factor detection and load profile.
 The meters can manipulate Fraud and Tamper
also can register the time and date of its
occurrence.
17
 Electronic Meters
 The accuracy of the meter is not affected by
aging it’s stable over time and temperature.
 Have flexibility of design and can easily be
reconfigured and updated (software update).
18
 Electronic meter is an advanced economical solution
for growing energy measurement requirements of
ELECTRIC UTILITES.
19
 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector
 Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical
any more?
 ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS
 Features and Capabilities
 Technical Specifications
 AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM
 System Features and Capabilities
 Meter Interface Unit ( MIU )
 Hand Held Unit ( HHU )
 Data Collecting Unit ( DCU )
 Features and Capabilities Of Workstation
 Reports Required From The Workstation
20
 Tamper-proof design and construction
 Have current sensing for both phase and neutral,
registers the energy consumption correctly
under tampered conditions.
 Consumption
is
not
affected
by
polarity
sequence.
 Visual annunciation in the form of LED from front
takes place in case of opening terminals box or
meter cover.
21
 Tamper-proof design and construction
 Records the full energy consumed even in case of:
 Reversal of input and output terminals.
 Phase terminals are externally by passed.
 Load is partially or fully drawn through
external earth.
 Phase-in and phase-out connections are
shorted.
22
Reversal of input and output terminals.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
×
L1
L2
×× ×
××
L3
N
Consumption is
correctly registered
23
Phase terminals are externally by passed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
L1
11
12
×
×× ×
××
L2
L3
N
Consumption is
correctly registered
24
Phase-in and phase-out connection are
shorted
L1
L2
Imbalance
Detection
Consumption
is correctly
registered
L3
N
25
Load is partially or fully drawn through external earth
L1
Imbalance
Detection
Consumption is
correctly registered
N
Load
L2
L3
26
 Equipped with LED for meter testing, calibration
and operation indication.
 Retention time of the Non-volatile memory shall
not be less than 20 years even in case of power
failure.
 Not affected by power failure, it contains early
detection means of power failure, which permits
control circuits to store data of consumption, and
configure the circuit for this failure.
27
 The housing endures shocks and operation
conditions. It is made of heat resistant and flame
retardant material.
 Doesn’t contain moving parts “solid state meter”.
 Doesn’t
contain
parts
that
need
periodic
replacement.
 Life – time of the screen is not less than life–time
of the meter.
28
 Doesn’t require any calibration or maintenance,
stability of meter accuracy is guaranteed during
its life time.
 Metering element is shielded against external
magnetic fields and protected against over volts
and high frequency disturbances.
 Doesn’t generate electro-magnetic waves or
harmonics that may interfere other instruments
or be superimposed on power lines.
29
 In case of Industrial loads
Equipped with a clock, a calendar to get real time
and date accurately which has a backup power
means that ensures the operation of the clock
during the power failure and doesn’t need periodic
replacement.
30
 In case of Industrial loads
Can be programmed by multi-rate tariff, controlled
by internal timing circuitry and a built in tariff time
switch module, has a minimum of
times
and
capable
of
8 switching
providing
different
programmable tariff structures for week end and
holiday periods.
31
 In case of Industrial loads
Can be tested and programmed in laboratory or by
portable Hand Held Unit (HHU) from front of the
meter through communication port according to
IEC 1107 which is used to load tariff programs,
retrieve, or modify registered data without removing
the meter cover.
32
 In case of Industrial loads
 Records the following events (by date and time stamp):
 Missing voltage.
 Current reversal.
 Current short / open.
 Opened cover or terminal-box cover.
 Tamper and fraud occurrences.
 On each event an annunciation takes place
(a symbolic representation on the LCD screen or
LED indication from front of the meter).
33
 In case of applying A.M.R system
A Contactor and a push button shall be fitted as
integral parts to the electronic meter, according to
standard specifications IEC 158 – 1,2 in order to
disconnect and reconnect the supply. The push
button is used to restore the supply if it was shut
down by the contactor according to the company’s
instructions through the communication media and
the system software, after removing the cause of
disconnection.
34
 Reference standard
International Standard specifications “IEC-61036”
or equivalent.
 Description
Electronic Meters designed for measurement of
electric energy (low voltage 220 / 380 V) consumed
by
customers.
The
meters
are
suitable
for
household, commercial, industrial applications and
the installation inside, distribution kiosks and
boxes by direct or through current transformer
connection.
35
 Description
 The meter housing and it’s cover shall be of
robust construction made of polycarbonate. They
are heat-resistant and flame retardant according
to “IEC 695-2-1”.
 The meter and the terminals cover shall be held
by a cross drilled and sealed security screws.
“The meter and the terminals box shall be leaded
and stamped”. They shall be provided by a
means of tamper and fraud detection
36
Terminal - Box
terminals
Single – phase
meter direct
connection up
to 80 A
mm
9
Diameter of
Input - Output
Three – phase Three – phase
meter direct
meter with
connection up
current
to 100 A
transformers
10
3
37
Voltage
Single Phase, operating voltage 220 ± 20 %
Three phase, operating voltage 380 ± 20 %
Current
Single Phase; XA / 220 V, 2 wires.
Three phase; XA/380 V, 4 wires.
(X, according to the company’s requirement)
Frequency
50 Hz ± 2 %
38
Measuring
Single Phase : KWH consumed,
max. demand
(option).
Three phase
:
XA/380V
KWH,
KVARH,
max.
demand and power factor.
: X/5A with C.T KWH, KVARH, max.
demand and power factor.
Accuracy Class
Class 1
39
Connection
Single phase : 2 wires, Direct connection.
Three phase
: 4 wires, Direct connection or
through current transformers.
No of Sealing
Top cover
:2
Terminal box : 1
40
Display Screen
 Fully electronic LCD, display is retained during
loss of power.
 6 digits at least, display area not less than
20 mm2 for each digit.
 Registers shall reset to zero after they have
reached their max. indication 999999.
 All registered data about consumption, reverse
energy and aggregate shall be displayed.
41
Other annunciation on LCD screen
A symbolic annunciation is present on the LCD
screen to indicate the following:
 Phase present indication.
 Phase sequence monitoring (blinking in case
of reverse phase sequence).
 Tariff information.
LED Indications
Tamper and fraud detection.
Opened cover or terminal box.
42
Energy Consumption
Power Consumption in voltage circuits < 2 W
Power Consumption in current circuits < 4 VA
Relative Humidity
Zero to 90 % or better
Temperature Range (operation)
5°C to 70°C ambient temperature for electronic
components inside the meter up to 80°C.
Degree of protection
IP 51
Data retention
Not less than 20 years (un-powered).
43
 Overview of the Egyptian Electricity and Energy Sector
 Why Electronic-Meters and not Electro-Mechanical
any more?
 ELECTRONIC POWER AND ENERGY METERS
 Features and Capabilities
 Technical Specifications
 AUTOMATIC METER READING ( AMR ) SYSTEM
 System Features and Capabilities
 Meter Interface Unit ( MIU )
 Hand Held Unit ( HHU )
 Data Collecting Unit ( DCU )
 Features and Capabilities Of Workstation
 Reports Required From The Workstation
44
Automatic Meter Reading System Scheme
Central
Work
Station
Energy
Management
M/S
G
S
M
Concentrator
10.5kv
380/220v
modem
Concentrator
380/220v
10.5kv
modem
Watt-hour Meters equipped with two- way communication
45
 The system provides dependable bi-directional
communication between connected electricity
meters
and
the
central
workstation
for
transmitting, receiving data required for the
existing metering and / or billing system (s),
downloading
/
modifying
tariff
structure
programs and instructions, generate graphs of
load profile, demand analysis and any other
metering applications required.
46
 The software and data transmitted shall be
compatible
with
the
existing
(household,
commercial, light industrial, industrial) metering
and / or billing application (s) found in the
company.
 On-line and real time access to the connected
meters from the central workstation or the Data
Collecting
Unit
(DCU)
for
the
purpose
of
uploading modifying new metering programs.
47
 On-line warning (alarm / visual annunciation) in
the event of tampering and the software is
capable
of
identifying
fraudulent
use
of
electricity.
 The system shall act as a load limit device, it
shall facilitate remote load limit setting using the
system software and the communication media.
 The
system
shall
monitor
LV
losses
by
comparing the consumption of the consumers
and the total power consumed downstream the
distribution transformer.
48
 Have the capability to introduce and operate
pre-payment
system
to
any
connected
electronic meter according to the company’s
requirements using the integral contactor fitted
with the meter to disconnect and reconnect
power supply at the meter by an external
command remotely activated through the bidirectional communication media.
 The system shall disconnect the power supply in
case of un-payment for consumption through a
command
remotely
activated
from
the
workstation or the data collecting unit.
49
Definition
An intelligent unit housed on a plug-in circuit board
that is factory installed or can be easily added later
as a field upgrade to the electronic meters or a
separate unit installed with electro-mechanical
meters, used to transmit data from the meter to the
DCU and from the DCU to the meters through the
power line carrier LV.
50
 Distance of data transmission via electrical
power lines (low voltage) shall not be less than
1500 meters.
 Low power consumption below 0.5 W on average.
51
Definition
 Small
portable
electronic
unit
IEC
1107
compatible for programming meter parameters
Hand Held
Unit
and reading metering data.
 The communication between the HHU and the
DCU is carried out through infra – red rays,
magnetic coil or any other means.
 Upload all required data at the same time from
the DCU, up to 3000 customers.
52
 Stores the data on a non-volatile memory that
can maintain data for a period not less than 5
years,
Hand Held
Unit
regardless
the
case
of
the
supply
batteries.
 Has upgrade capabilities.
 Has an Arabic user interface.
 Ability to upload / download data to the central
workstation, have a compatible protocol with
approved meter reading programs at the central
work station.
53
Definition
 It's an intelligent electronic unit equipped with
communication means “transmitting– receiving"
data from meters across power lines LV.
Concentrator
Has
a
communication
means
to
transmit
metering data via GSM, Radio, Telephone lines or
any other communication system agreed by the
company to the central workstation. It also
directly communicates with the HHU through
infra red, magnetic coil or any other means.
54
Hand Held
Unit
Data transmitted between
HHU and DCU
Concentrator
55
 Receives the required data for not less than 1200
electronic meters belong to the same distribution
transformer.
Concentrator
 Keeps the received data on a non-volatile
memory for a period of 5 years at least, even in
case of power failure.
Supports meter replacement.
Records by date and time stamp electricity cut
offs.
56
 Supports energy loss calculation by comparing
the consumption of all meters that are supplied
from the same transformer, by the total energy
Concentrator
consumed from the distribution transformer.
 The memory is designed to keep all types of data
required for the AMR system applications with
built in flexibility and expandability
 Able to issue broadcast commands simultaneously
through all 3 phases.
57
Meters and AMR are just the means to get Data.
It’s what you do with this Data that’s important !
Software analysis is the key.
58
Definition
 It is a computer running a database and a printer
equipped with suitable software to achieve the
system's following requirements:
Central
Work
Station
Energy
Management
M/S
59
Collect the meter reading data from DCU (s) or
HHU (s) for the following Automatic Meter
Reading applications:
 Daily and monthly meter reading.
 Real time reading.
 Load profile.
 Remote download of tariff time structure.
 Multi rate tariff and time of use.
 Clock synchronization.
 Power cutoffs.
 Max. demand and time of occurrence.
60
Collect the meter reading data from DCU (s) or
HHU (s) for the following Automatic Meter
Reading applications:
 Interface compatible with existing meter reading
and / or billing system (Arabic Interface).
 Meter replacement support.
 Supports remote meter disconnection and
reconnection.
Central
Work
Station
Energy
Management
M/S
61
 Meters that exceed maximum load permissible.
 Meters with power factor less than 0.9.
 Tampered meters.
 Meters that didn't transmit readings.
 Customers which their consumption increased
or decreased than the monthly average with a
predefined value determined by the company.
 Customers Disconnected due to un-payment for
consumption.
 LV losses for each
DCU by comparing the
consumption of the consumers and the total
power consumed down stream the same
distribution transformer.
62
Electronic
Meters
Automatic
Meter
Reading
(AMR)
IT
world
Software
Analysis
The three that must go together to get ENERGY
and UTILITES MANAGEMENT into IT world.
63
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