ROMANTICISM
Eugene Delacroix (FRENCH)
Theodore Gericault (FRENCH)
Francisco Goya (SPANISH)
John Constable (ENGLISH)
Joseph Turner (ENGLISH)
Hudson River School
Thomas Cole
Frederick Edwin Church
Asher B. Durand
Albert Bierstadt
Robert Duncanson
ROMANTICISM
Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres
Master of Drawing NEOCLASSICAL
Eugene Delacroix
Self-Portrait, 1837 ROMANTIC
ROMANTICISM
Ingres – Les Grande Odalisque
ROMANTICISM
Ingres –
The Turkish
Bath
ROMANTICISM
Goya reflected on the Enlightenment and
Neoclassical eras’ penchant for rationality
and order in order to come to the ultimate
decision to dismiss Neoclassicism. The
Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters is
an etching and aquatint from Los
Caprichos, a series.
This image shows Goya asleep, resting
on a table or writing stand, surrounded by
menacing creatures who seem ready to
attack. The owls symbolize folly, and the
bats symbolize ignorance.
Francisco Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces
Monsters, 1798
Friedrich: The
Wanderer Above
the Mists
ROMANTICISM
Francisco Goya, The Family of Charles IV, 1800.
Goya was recognized for his skill fairly early in life and appointed as the Pintor del Rey (Painter to the
King) in 1786. He was later appointed to First Court Painter in 1799, and produced works such as this.
The Family of Charles IV shows King Charles IV and Queen Marie Luisa surrounded by their children. Goya
used his predecessor Diego Velazquez’s Las Meninas as inspiration for the work. The royal family appears
facing viewers in an interior space. Goya includes himself in the rear left of the painting in the act of painting
on a large canvas.
ROMANTICISM
Francisco Goya, The Family of Charles IV, 1800.
ROMANTICISM
The Spanish people, finally
recognizing the French as
invaders, sought a way to
expel the foreign troops. On
May 2, 1808, in frustration,
the Spanish attacked the
Napoleonic soldiers in a
chaotic and violent clash. In
retaliation and as a show of
force, the French responded
the next day by executing
numerous Spanish citizens.
This tragic event is the
subject of Goya’s most
famous painting, The Third
of May 1808.
Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808, 1814.
ROMANTICISM
Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808, 1814.
ROMANTICISM
Goya’s later works were called the “Black Paintings.” His
declining heath only contributed to his state of mind. His works
became increasingly disillusioned and pessimistic. This painting
depicts the raw carnage and violence of Saturn, wild eyed and
monstrous, as he consumes one of his children. Because of the
similarity of Kronos and Khronos (the Greek word for time),
Saturn has come to be associated with time. This has led to an
interpretation of Goya’s painting about the artist’s despair over
the passage of time. Despite the image’s simplicity, it conveys a
wildness, boldness, and brutality that cannot help but evoke and
elemental response from any viewer.
The demons that haunted Goya emerged in his art. Historian
Gwyn Williams nicely sums up Goya’s Black Paintings with this
quote: “As for the grotesque, the maniacal, the occult, the
witchery, they are precisely the product of the sleep of human
reason; they are human nightmares. That these monsters are
human is, indeed, the point.”
Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring One of
His Children, 1819.
ROMANTICISM
Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1818-1819.
ROMANTICISM
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Gericault examined the influence of mental
states on the human face and believed, as
others did, that a face accurately revealed
character, especially in madness and at the
instance of death.
He made many studies of the inmates at
hospitals and institutions for the criminally
insane, and he studied the severed heads of
guillotine victims.
These portraits present the psychic facts with
astonishing authenticity, especially in contrast
to earlier idealized commissioned portraiture.
The more the Romantics became involved
with nature, sane or mad, the more they
hoped to reach the truth.
Théodore Géricault, Insane Woman,
1822-1823.
ROMANTICISM
Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830.
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Ilya Repin, Bargehaulers on the Volga, 1870-1873.
ENGLISH ROMANTICISM
John Constable, The Haywain, 1821.
ENGLISH ROMANTICISM
Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840.
ENGLISH ROMANTICISM
Joseph M. W. Turner, The Snowstorm, 1842.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836.
The Hudson River School was a mid-19th century American art movement by a group of landscape
painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism. Their paintings depict the Hudson River
Valley and the surrounding area, as well as the Catskill Mountains, Adirondack Mountains, and White
Mountains of New Hampshire. Note that "school" in this sense refers to a group of people whose outlook,
inspiration, output, or style demonstrates a common thread, rather than a learning institution.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Some of the artists
included in this ‘school’ or
group are:
Thomas Cole
Frederick Edwin Church
Asher B. Durand
Albert Bierstadt
Robert Duncanson
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
The Hudson River School
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Albert Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains: Lander's Peak, 1863.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Frederic Edwin Church, Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Frederick Edwin Church, Heart Of the Andes, 1859.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849.
Kindred Spirits is perhaps the
best known painting of Hudson
River School painter Asher Durand.
It depicts the recently deceased
painter Thomas Cole and his friend
the poet William Cullen Bryant in
the Catskill Mountains. The
landscape is not a literal record of
a particular site but an idealized
memory of Thomas Cole's
discovery of the region.
Bryant's daughter Julia donated the
painting to the New York Public
Library in 1904. In 2005, it was sold
at auction to Walmart heiress Alice
Walton for $35 million, a record for
a painting by an American artist.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Robert Scott Duncanson
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
Robert S. Duncanson, Blue Hole – Little Miami River, 1851.