Michelle Ko

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Capital: Buenos Aires
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Size: 2,780,400 sq km
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Population: 41,769,726 (2011)
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Ethnicity: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry),
Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
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Religion: Roman Catholic 92%,
Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other
4%

 Earliest evidence of Tango dates back to the mid nineteenth century in Buenos Aires
 Around the turn of the century, many
European immigrants arrived at Buenos
Aires
 They brought with them a more lyrical style of violin playing, and the melodic influence of Neapolitan song, a key factor in the melodic beauty characteristic of Tango
 Around the year 1910, it is claimed that
Bandoneóns were brought to Argentina by
German immigrants
 The dance that was associated with the
Tango music became a driving force in introducing the music to the world
Bandone ón

g
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In the late 1940s, the music and the dance started to separate
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Musicians were more interested in playing for a concert audience
In 1955, nationalistic government that encouraged
Tango was replaced by a new regime that discouraged Tango
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Many artists were blacklisted or imprisoned
“ New Tango ” was formed by Astor Piazzolla who took elements of Tango but diverted from the tradition
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Renewed the interest in dance

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Bandane
ón
Essential instrument in the tango orchestra
In Germany, it was originally intended to play religious music
Buttons instead of piano keys
More compatible with chromatic tuning structure

Bombo
Luguero
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Made of a hollowed tree trunk and covered with cured skins of animals
Serves as a combination of bass and percussion, not just maintaining the meter, but evoking an elemental, visceral response

Erkencho
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Transverse horn
Used for ritual purposes
No reed in its mouthpiece
Produces the notes available in the natural harmonic series

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xE7gKEG8O9Y
With Intro: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8YSUUeQhHA&feature=pla yer_embedded#!
 Usually played with a
Bandaneón or piano for tango dances
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2/4 time
Key: b minor
(Measures 1-8)
Begins with a diminished seventh
Measure 2: Tonic
Structure: A-B-C-A-
B-C (including the introduction
Habanera bass
Dynamics throughout the piece

 Key change: d minor (Measures 9-32)
 Starts with a pickup: three sixteenth notes
 B flat in the melody but does not belong in the d minor chord (D-F-A)
 Creates dissonance with bass line and tension
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Scattered Rhythm (“Call” and “response”)

 Chromatic scale present in the piece
 Scattered rhythm pattern (Call and Response)
 Key change back to the beginning (b minor)

The tango eventually extended to Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. Its popularity soon spread as musicians and dancers from South America performed it in the European metropolises in the 1910s and 1920s. Gradually, composers in
Europe began writing tangos…

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Russian-born American composer
Born in June 17, 1882 in Oranienbaum, Russia

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Igor Stravinsky grew up in a music atmosphere
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His father was a leader bass Mariinsky
Theatre in St Petersburg
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Acquired a love for musical theatre at a young age
Never entered a music school or a cons è rvatory, and never earned an academic degree in music.
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Stravinsky studied with Rimsky-Korsakov, who was an influence on his early music
Stravinsky ’ s early works impressed Diaghilev
(sponsor of entertainment) and invited him to arrange large scale ballet
Diaghilev remained a supporter/sponsor throughout Stravinsky ’ s life

 Fireworks [Ballet]
 Petrushka
 The Rite of Spring
 The Firebird
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Histoire du Soldat (A Soldier’s Tale)
 Symphony in Eb Major
 Oedipus Rex, opera-oratorio

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Originally for piano in 1940
Composed for chamber orchestra in 1953
 4/4 time
 Key: d minor
 Minimal dynamics
 Chromatic scale present in the piece
 Bass leads in
 Scattered rhythm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCz-w8-ipG8

El Choclo:
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2/4 time
Written for variety of native instruments
Structure: A-B-C-A-B-C
Wide range of dynamics
Key changes throughout
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Similarities:
Key of d minor
Both chromatic scales leads into repetition of the pattern
Similar melodic rhythm
Beat is sharp allowing it to be a dance music
Scattered rhythms
Tango:
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4/4 time
Written for piano
Structure: Bass lead in
Minimal dynamics

 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/ar.html
 http://www.carnegiehall.org/BlogPost.aspx?id=4294982543
 http://www.totaltango.com/acatalog/tango_brief_intro_91.html
 http://www.notablebiographies.com/St-Tr/Stravinsky-Igor.html
 http://latinmusic.about.com/od/playlists/tp/TangoDanceSongs.htm