Lupin
LUPIN
There are two species of lupin used in broadacre crop
production, the more commonly grown narrow leaf lupins
(Lupinus angustifolius) and the large seeded and broad
leafed albus types (Lupinus albus). Narrow leaf types are
generally used as a high protein stock feed either for sale
or supplementary feeding on farm. The albus types may fit
into human food and aquaculture markets as well as high
protein stock feed markets, but are the less preferred lupin
for stock feed manufacturing. They are also more
susceptible to dry conditions or waterlogging than narrow
leaf lupins.
REVIEW OF 2014
Season
The good price for lupins and excellent start to the season
led to an increase in the area sown to lupins across Victoria
with the greatest increase in the South West.
Good conditions at the start of the season suited lupin
crops enabling them to produce good quantities of
biomass. While there are other pulse crops that can fix
more nitrogen the large quantity of biomass from vigorous
early growing plants meant that lupins have made a good
contribution to improving soil nitrogen for 2015. With the
opportunity for weed control prior to sowing, lupins will
have made an excellent break crop for 2014. Early sown
lupins performed better overall and although frosts were
common the long flowering period allowed some recovery.
However, as with most other crops the dry conditions
limited yields with those on lighter soils that received timely
showers performing better. Yields ranged from very poor to
below average depending on soil type and rainfall across
all regions of Victoria except for the north east. Lupins in
the east of the state performed best with average to slightly
above average yields.
Disease
Dry conditions meant there were limited reports of fungal
diseases in 2014.
Surveys confirm that Victoria remains free of anthracnose.
LOOKING FORWARD TO 2015
New varieties
PBA Barlock is a high yielding lupin that was released in
WA in 2013 and will be commercially available across
Victoria and South Australia for 2015.
Disease
Most narrow leaf varieties are susceptible to brown leaf
spot. Fungicide seed dressings and agronomic
management are required to reduce impact of this disease.
Jenabillup offers the best varietal response to this disease.
Virus diseases remain a potential issue for 2015. Seed
testing is recommended to confirm freedom from CMV and
other viruses, and resistant varieties are recommended.
Avoid sowing lupins adjacent to legume crops or pasture
(eg. lucerne) to reduce virus risk. Monitoring and managing
aphids may also assist to manage viruses. Jenabillup and
Quilinock offer the best available resistance to BYMV and
black pod syndrome.
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Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
Majority of current varieties have resistance to phomopsis,
slowing development of the fungus and reducing toxin
production. However, when significant rainfall occurs on
maturing plants or after harvest disease development can
still occur and care must be taken in grazing lupin stubbles
or feeding infected seed.
Anthracnose is present in WA and SA commercial lupin
crops and it is important that seed is obtained from
reputable sources to prevent accidental introduction into
Victoria. Standard hygiene practice should apply when
dealing with equipment, material or people from infected
states.
MORE INFORMATION
www.nvtonline.com.au
Detailed NVT trial results and links to variety information.
 Australian Field Crop Disease Guide app
www.extensionaus.com.au/australian-field-cropdisease-guide-app
www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-othercrops
 Growing lupin
 AG1347 Pulse disease guide
www.pulseaus.com.au
Pulse Australia has detailed information on growing pulses.
VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS
denotes Plant Breeder Rights apply
End Point Royalty (EPR) 2015-16 quoted $/tonne ex-GST.
Narrow leaf lupin – JENABILLUP
Tall mid flowering narrow leaf lupin with early vigour. A high
yielding variety more suited to the medium to higher rainfall
areas. It has a longer flowering window compared to
Mandelup, making it less suitable to crop topping. MR to
lodging. MR to aphid colonisation. Brown leaf spot MRMS,
anthracnose MS, stem phomopsis MS and pod phomopsis
R. MR for BYMV and black pod syndrome offering the best
tolerance available in narrow leaf varieties. Released 2007.
Seednet. EPR $2.30.
Narrow leaf lupin – JINDALEE
Tall, mid flowering and late maturing variety suited to early
sowing in high rainfall, long season areas. Does not handle
a dry finish, and because of its vernalisation requirement
can flower too late in warmer areas. Brown leaf spot MR,
anthracnose S, phomopsis R. Medium speckled seed size
with medium seed alkaloid levels. Developed by NSW DPI.
Released 2000.
Narrow leaf lupin – MANDELUP
A tall, early flowering and maturing variety with high yield
suited to medium to low rainfall zones. Suitable for crop
topping. Mandelup may lodge in high rainfall zones.
Resistant to aphids. Brown leaf spot MS, anthracnose MR,
stem phomopsis R and pod phomopsis MRMS. Pod shatter
with delayed harvest and poorer establishment have been
issues with Mandelup. Released 2004. Heritage Seeds are
the commercial partner for this variety. Seednet collect the
EPR $2.30.
Lupin
Narrow leaf lupin – PBA BARLOCK
Resistant to anthracnose, PBA Barlock is an early variety
with slightly later flowering and maturing than Mandelup
with a greater yield potential and more resistance to pod
shatter. Resistant to aphids. Brown leaf spot MS, stem
phomopsis MR and pod phomopsis R. Better metribuzin
tolerance than Wonga. Released in WA in 2013 and
eastern states in 2014 (WALAN2325). Seednet. EPR $2.50
Albus lupin – LUXOR
A newer release to replace Kiev Mutant, but with resistance
to Pleiochaeta root rot. Slightly taller than Kiev Mutant and
suitable for lower to medium rainfall regions and high
rainfall regions where Pleiochaeta root rot is a problem.
Luxor is 100 per cent sweet and should not be grown within
2 km of other albus varieties to avoid bitter contamination.
Released 2008. Seednet. EPR $2.80.
Narrow leaf lupin – PBA GUNYIDI
Released as a replacement of Mandelup, PBA Gunyidi is a
slightly later flowering and maturing variety than Mandelup.
PBA Gunyidi has proven widely adapted to a range of
environments, and is considered an alternative to
Mandelup, but with greater resistance to pod shattering. It
is not as tall as Mandelup, and generally considered
comparable to it for yield. Resistant to aphids. Brown leaf
spot MS, anthracnose MR, stem and pod phomopsis R. It
is only available in limited supply in eastern Australia and
likely to be adopted only by those who are dissatisfied with
Mandelup. Developed by PBA (WALAN2289). Released
2011. Seednet. EPR $2.50.
Albus lupin – ROSETTA
A release selected for improved yield and Pleiochaeta root
rot resistance compared to Kiev Mutant. It is late flowering,
making it suitable for medium and higher rainfall regions
although has compared well with other albus varieties in
the Mallee. It is tall and 100 per cent sweet, so should not
be grown near other albus varieties. Very little is grown in
the eastern states. Released 2007.
Narrow leaf lupin – QUILINOCK
High yielding narrow leaf lupin but SVS to anthracnose. It is
early flowering for low to medium rainfall areas. Stem
phomopsis MRMS and pod phomopsis MS. Released
1999. Limited quantities grown in eastern states due to
anthracnose susceptibility. EPR $0.95.
Narrow leaf lupin – WONGA
Resistant to anthracnose with medium height and lodging
resistance. Brown leaf spot MS, stem and pod phomopsis
R. Best suited to medium rainfall districts, particularly when
resistance to anthracnose is required. Released 1997.
Albus lupin – KIEV MUTANT
Once the most widely grown albus variety, but now
superseded. It is of moderate height, grows vigorously,
flowers early but matures late compared with narrow leaf
lupins. Requires rainfall higher than 450mm to yield well.
Does not handle waterlogged conditions. Alkaloid testing of
seed is required.
Bitter, large seeded albus lupin - LUPINI bean
Varieties are Lago Azzurro, Mount Beauty and Murphy.
They must be grown in complete isolation from sweet albus
varieties due to the high alkaloid content of the seed and
the potential to cross or contaminate sweet albus varieties.
Production is for a niche market.
Table 1: Optimal lupin sowing times for rainfall
zones and soil types.
Rainfall zone
Average mm
per year
Below 350 mm
350 - 450 mm
Above 450 mm
Optimum sowing time
Shallow sand
over clay, sandy
loams, loams
mid April to early
late April to early
May
May
early to mid May
mid May
mid May
late May
Sands
Table 2: Lupin variety agronomic and disease guide.
Flower- Height Lodging
Pod
Drought
ing
shattering tolerance
time
Aphid
resist
Brown Pleiochaeta CMV Anthracroot rot
seed
nose
leaf
transmit
spot
Phomopsis
Stem
Pod
Narrow leaf
MR
MS
MS
R
Jenabillup
M
T
MR
MS
MR
MR
MRMS
R
MS
S
R
R
Jindalee
M-L
M
R
MR
MS
MR
R
MS
MR
R
MRMS
Mandelup
VE
T
MS
MS
MR
R
MS
R
RMR
R
MR
R
PBA
E
M
MR
R
R
MS
Barlock
MR
MR
R
R
PBA
VE
M
MS
R
MR
R
MS
R
Gunyidi
MR
SVS
MRMS
MS
Quilinock
E
S
MS
MR
MR
MS
MRMS
R
R
R
R
R
Wonga
E-M
M
MR
R
MS
MR
MS
R
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant
E
M
R
MS
S
MR
VS
R
VS
MR
S
Luxor
E-M
M-T
R
MS
S
MR
R
R
VS
MR
S
Rosetta
M-L
T
R
MS
S
MR
MR
R
VS
MR
S
Flowering time; VE=very early, E=early, M=mid, L=late
Height; S=short, M=medium, T=tall
Lodging and disease reactions; R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant
MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to
susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
73
Lupin
Table 3: Lupin sowing guide.
This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.
MALLEE
April
May
June
July
Narrow leaf
Jenabillup, Mandelup, PBA Barlock, PBA
>
X
X
X
X
<
<
Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta
>
X
X
X
X
<
<
WIMMERA
April
May
June
July
Narrow leaf
Jenabillup, Mandelup, PBA Barlock, PBA
Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta
NORTH CENTRAL
Narrow leaf
Jenabillup, Jindalee, Mandelup, PBA Barlock,
PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta
NORTH EAST
Narrow leaf
Jenabillup, Jindalee, PBA Barlock, PBA
Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta
SOUTH WEST
>
>
X
X
X
X
<
>
>
X
X
May
X
X
<
<
June
April
<
July
>
>
X
X
X
X
<
>
>
X
X
May
X
X
<
<
June
July
June
July
April
>
X
X
X
X
<
<
>
April
X
X
X
X
May
<
<
Narrow leaf
Jenabillup, Jindalee, PBA Barlock, PBA
>
X
X
Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga
Albus lupin
Kiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta
>
X
X
>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable
X
X
<
<
X
X
X
<
<
Table 4: Long term predicted lupin yield 2007-2014 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mandelup.
The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.
Mandelup (t/ha)
Coromup
Jenabillup
Jindalee
Mandelup
Moonah
PBA Barlock
PBA Gunyidi
Quilinock
Wonga
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Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
Mallee
1.14
90 (10)
94 (13)
77 (4)
100 (13)
97 (4)
96 (9)
96 (13)
92 (7)
84 (12)
North Central
1.97
93 (7)
96 (7)
100 (7)
95 (5)
99 (5)
83 (7)
Lupin
Table 5: Yield of lupin expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mandelup and 100 grain weight
(g/100 seeds) in 2014 trials.
Yield
Mallee
Hopetoun (F)
Walpeup
30/4/14
2/5/14
1.44
0.77
77
65
88
87
92
88
100
100
95
91
89
74
94
92
85
74
Sowing Date
Mandelup (t/ha)
Coromup
Danja
Jenabillup
Mandelup
PBA Barlock
PBA Gunyidi
Quilinock
Wonga
Site Mean (t/ha)
CV (%)
LSD (%)
F = Multiple frosts.
1.30
10
17
North Central
Diggora
9/5/14
2.08
103
109
100
122
124
97
0.67
8
14
Grain weight
Mallee
Hopetoun
17.1
14.9
16.2
16.5
15.2
14.3
16.4
14.8
2.33
8
13
Table 6: Lupin disease guide.
Disease
Organism
FUNGAL DISEASES
Pleiochaeta
Brown leaf
setosa
spot
Symptoms
Occurrence
Inoculum source Control
Dark spots on leaves and
pods, often web like on
leaves, infected leaves drop
off, lesions may girdle stem.
Very common but
losses usually minor
in dry areas, yield
loss can be
significant in cool
damp areas.
Serious reduction in
lupin plant density
and vigour.
Spores survive in
soil and lupin
trash. Rain splash
and wind blown
rain spread the
disease.
Spores in soil
infecting roots
usually at seedling
stage, spread also
by rain splash.
Early widespread
infection severely
reduces yield. Minor
infections prevent
use of harvested
grain as seed.
Brown necrotic streaks as
Can be severe in
plant dies back from growing higher rainfall areas,
point of stem, shepherd
usually transmitted
crook of stem, pods
from pasture.
blackened and flat, leaves
yellow, plants wilt and die.
Seed borne
infection in narrow
leaf lupin, aphid
vectored in crop.
Pleiochaeta
root rot
Pleiochaeta
setosa
Browning and rotting of tap
and lateral roots, seedling
plant death.
Rhizoctonia
Rhizoctonia
spp.
Bare patches in crop, spear
tipped root ends or hypocotyl
rot and stain.
Anthracnose Colletotrichum
lupini
VIRUS DISEASES
CMV
Cucumber
mosaic virus
BYMV
Bean yellow
mosaic virus
Dark brown lesions
containing pink/orange spore
masses on stems, pods and
occasionally leaves. Lesions
cause bending and twisting
of stems and pods and occur
in crook of bend.
Fungicide seed
dressings, crop
rotation, variety
selection, early sowing,
sow into cereal
stubble.
Minimum 4 year
rotation between
lupins, sowing 4-5 cm
deep to avoid spore
layer, fungicide seed
dressings.
Can be severe in
Soil borne
Tillage prior and during
isolated patches,
infection with wide sowing below seed
reduces stand
host range,
depth, rotation has no
density, favoured by survives as fungal effect.
minimum tillage, wet fragments in soil
soils and mild
and plant debris.
conditions.
Severe infections
Seed borne
Clean seed and
can result in
infection. Spread machinery, resistant
severing of stems or in crop by rain
varieties, fungicide
total pod abortion
splash and wind. seed dressings.
resulting in
complete crop
failure.
Leaves are pale, bunched,
and down curled with faint
mosaic pattern.
Aphid vectored,
many hosts
(including pasture
legumes), seed
borne in L. albus.
Sow clean seed, use a
seed test, high sowing
rates and cereal
barriers around crops
reduce aphid
transmission.
High plant density,
cereal barrier, control
weed and volunteer
lupins, avoid sowing
adjacent to legume
pastures.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ivan Mock
Mary Raynes
Geoff Thomas
Dodgshun Medlin
Pulse Australia
Department of Agriculture and Food, Perth
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
75