ADMINISTRATIVE
DOCTRINES: FROM THE
NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
TO GOOD GOVERNANCE
Unit 9
ADMINISTRATIVE
DOCTRINES
 New public management
 Good governance
New public management:
definition
 A management philosophy used by
governments since the 1980s to
modernise the public sector.
 The wave of public sector reforms
throughout the world since the 1980s.
New Public Management
 The main hypothesis in the NPM-reform:
more market orientation in the public
sector will lead to greater cost-efficiency
for governments, without having
negative side effects on other objectives
and considerations
New Public Management
 NPM, compared to other public
management theories, is more oriented
towards outcomes and efficiency through
better management of public budget.
New Public Management
 achieved by applying competition, as it is
known in the private sector, to
organizations in the public sector,
emphasizing economic and leadership
principles.
 addresses beneficiaries of public
services like customers, and citizens as
shareholders.
NPM: later developments
 splitting large bureaucracies into smaller,
more fragmented ones,
 competition between different public
agencies, and between public agencies
and private firms
 incentivization on more economic lines
Characteristics of NPM
 Orientation towards economy, efficiency
and effectiveness
 Market principles
 Effort to impose values and techniques
of private sector management into the
public sector
Managerial reforms of public
administration
 Structural
 Functional
 Personnel oriented
 Others (financial, political, social etc.)
The new public management
 New Zealand, the UK, Australia,
Canada, the USA
 International organizations: World Bank,
International Monetary Fund
Problems
 Muddled lines of political accountability
 Poor contacts with the public
 Decreased transparency
 Corruption
 Additional expenses
 Neglect of citizens’ rights, etc.
New developments
 Digital era governance: 3 key elements –
1) reintegration (bringing issues back
into government control);
 2) needs-based holism (reorganizing
government around distinct client
groups);
New developments
 3) digitalization (fully exploiting the
potential of digital storage and Internet
communications to transform
governance).
Good governance: definition
 Governance: process of decision-making
and the process by which decisions are
implemented (or not implemented).
 Hereby, public institutions conduct public
affairs, manage public resources, and
guarantee the realization of human
rights.
Good governance
 Good governance accomplishes this in a
manner essentially free of abuse and
corruption, and with due regard for the
rule of law
Good governance
 Openess
 Participation
 Responsibility
 Effectiveness
 coherency
Characteristics of good
governance
Participation
 Participation by both men and women - a
key cornerstone of good governance.
 Participation: direct or through legitimate
intermediate institutions or
representatives.
Participation
 Participation: informed and organized.
 Freedom of association and expression;
an organized civil society
Rule of law
 Good governance requires:
 fair legal frameworks that are enforced
impartially.
 protection of human rights, esp. those of
minorities.
Rule of law
 Impartial enforcement of laws requires
an independent judiciary and an
impartial and incorruptible police force.
Transparency
 Decisions taken and their enforcement
done in a manner that follows rules and
regulations.
Transparency
 information is freely available and
directly accessible to those who will be
affected by such decisions and their
enforcement.
 enough information provided;
 information provided in easily
understandable forms and media.
Responsiveness
 Good governance requires that
institutions and processes try to serve all
stakeholders within a reasonable
timeframe.
Consensus oriented
 Good governance requires mediation of
the different interests in society to reach
a broad consensus in society on what is
in the best interest of the whole
community and how this can be
achieved.
Good governance
 It also requires a broad and long-term
perspective on what is needed for
sustainable human development and
how to achieve the goals of such
development. This can only result from
an understanding of the historical,
cultural and social contexts of a given
society or community
Equity and inclusiveness
 A society’s well-being depends on
ensuring that all its members feel that
they have a stake in it and do not feel
excluded from the mainstream of
society.
Equity and inclusiveness
 This requires that all groups, particularly
the most vulnerable, have opportunities
to improve or maintain their well-being.
Efectiveness and efficiency
 Good governance means that processes
and institutions produce results that
meet the needs of society while making
the best use of resources at their
disposal.
Efectiveness and efficiency
 The concept of efficiency in the context
of good governance also covers the
sustainable use of natural resources and
the protection of the environment.
Accountability
 Accountability - key requirement of good
governance.
 Not only governmental institutions but
also the private sector and civil society
organizations must be accountable to
the public and to their institutional
stakeholders.
Accountability
 An organization or an institution is
accountable to those who will be
affected by its decisions or actions.
Accountability cannot be enforced
without transparency and the rule of law.
Focus
 The role of citizens and civil society
 Transparency
 Legitimacy
 Efficiency
 Human and citizens’ rights
Focus
 The rule of law
 Better quality of public services
 Modern information and communication
technologies
 Better human resources management
Citizens
 Partners who contribute to results of
activities in public administration
 Should be informed and consulted
 Participate in the creation of public
policies and administrative and other
public processes
Legal terms
 Coherency
 Dosljednost, razumljivost, povezanost
 Legitimacy
 Zakonitost
Abbreviations
 UN
 United Nations
 EU
 European Union
 OECD
 Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development
Abbreviations
 IMF
 International Monetary Fund
 WB
 World Bank
Translation
 Suvremeni razvoj uprave karakteriziraju
dvije utjecajne doktrine: nov javni
management i dobro upravljanje.
Translation
 Doktrina novog javnog menadžmenta
vrlo je utjecajna od 1980. Karakterizira je
orijentacija prema ekonomiji, uspješnosti
i učinkovitosti, nastojanja da se državna
uprava i javni sektor podvrgnu tržišnim
načelima i metodama koje razvijaju
poduzetničko ponašanje te, općenito,
nastojanjem da se “većina vrijednosti i
tehnika upravljanja privatnim sektorom
nametne javnom sektoru.
Translation
 Mjere i učinci menadžerskih reformi
javne uprave su strukturalni,
funkcionalni, usmjereni prema osoblju i
drugi (financijski, politički, usmjereni
prema osoblju itd.)
Translation
 Nova javna uprava široko je prihvaćena
na Novom Zelandu, Ujedinjenom
kraljevstvu, Australiji, Kanadi i SAD-u.
Menadžerski pristup proširio se u Europi
i drugim kontinentima različitom brzinom
i u različitom stupnju. Međunarodne
organizacije kao Svjetska banka i
Međunarodni monetarni fond zagovaraju
menadžerski pristup.
Translation
 No, od 1990-ih godina primjećuju se i
neki nepovoljni učinci minimalizirajućih i
tržištu usmjerenih reformi javne uprave.
Nejasne linije političke odgovornosti, loši
kontakti s javnošću, smanjena
transparentnost, korupcija, dodatni
troškovi, ponovno jačanje regulacije,
zanemarivanje prava građana su neki od
njih.
Translation
 Pod tim uvjetima, UN, EU, OECD,
Međunarodni monetarni fond i Svjetska
banka počeli su zagovarati dobro
upravljanje.
Translation
 Među načelima dobre uprave, EU naglašava
otvorenost, sudjelovanje, uspješnost i
razumljivost. Nova doktrinarna orijentacija
naglašava ulogu građana i civilnog društva,
transparentnost, legitimitet, učinkovitost, ljudska
i građanska prava, pravnu državu, bolju
kvalitetu javnih službi, uvođenje moderne
informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije i
bolje upravljanje ljudskim resursima.
Translation
 Građani se smatraju partnerima koji
značajno pridonose krajnjim rezultatima
aktivnosti javne uprave. Građane treba
informirati i konzultirati, moraju
sudjelovati u stvaranju javne politike i
upravnim i drugim javnim procesima.
 Sve u svemu, “dobro upravljanje
je…kombinacija demokratskog i
učinkovitog upravljanja”