Chapter Three
Charismatic and
Transformational
Leadership
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be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Learning Objectives
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Describe many of the traits and
behaviors of charismatic leaders.
Explain the visionary component of
charismatic leadership.
Explain the communication style of
charismatic leaders.
Have an action plan for developing
your charisma.
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Learning Objectives (cont’d)
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Explain the nature of transformational
leadership.
Identify several of the impacts of
charismatic and transformational
leadership on performance and behavior.
Describe the concerns about charismatic
leadership from the scientific and moral
standpoint.
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
3
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Charisma Defined
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Charisma is a Greek word meaning
“divinely inspired gift”
In leadership, charisma is a special
quality of leaders whose purposes,
powers, and extraordinary
determination differentiate them from
others
In general use, charisma is having a
charming and colorful personality
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Inspiration and Non-Rational
Communication
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Charismatic leaders work deliberately
at cultivating the relationship with
group members through impression
management.
These leaders recognize that the
perceptions of constituents determine
whether they function as charismatics.
Charismatic leaders are skillful actors
in presenting a charismatic face to the
world.
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Charisma: A Relationship Between the
Leader and Group Members
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Key to charismatic leadership is the
interaction between leader and
group members
Charismatic qualities must be
attributed to the leader by
group members
Charismatic leaders use impression
management to cultivate their
relationships with group members
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Effects of Charisma
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Group members
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trust the leader’s beliefs
have beliefs similar to those of the
leader
accept the leader unquestioningly
have affection for the leader
willingly obey the leader
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Effects of Charisma (cont’d)
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Group members
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identify with and attempt to emulate
the leader
have emotional involvement in the
mission
have heightened goals
feel that they will be able to
accomplish, or to contribute to the
accomplishment of the mission
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Figure 3-1 Halpert’s Dimensions
of Charisma
ability to influence others
Due to the
leader’s
desirable
traits and
characteristics
because of
one’s
specialized
knowledge,
skills, or
abilities
feeling of being heavily
committed to the job
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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-- top-level leaders sometimes lose their power and position
because they are perceived as not being charismatic enough to get
constituents to accomplish important goals.
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© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Types of Charismatic
Leaders
1.
2.
Socialized charismatics restrain
the use of power in the interest of
others. Followers have clear values
and are independent and honest
workers.
Personalized charismatics use
power to serve their own interests.
Followers have an obedient,
submissive, and dependent work
style.
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Types of Charismatic
Leaders (cont’d)
3. Office-holder charismatics attain their
charisma chiefly from the position they hold.
4. Personal charismatics gain esteem from
others’ faith in them as people, independent
of office or position held.
5. Divine charismatics were once defined by
strictly by the theological concept of
possessing divine grace, but now, qualities
of mysticism, narcissism, and magnetism
also characterize this type.
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Characteristics of
Charismatic Leaders
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Visionary
Masterful
communication
skills
Ability to inspire trust
Able to make group
members feel
capable
Energy and action
orientation
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Emotional
expressiveness and
warmth
Romanticize risk
Unconventional
strategies
Self-promoting
personality
Dramatic and unique
*Some of these characteristics also describe Transformation Leaders.
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Vision Component
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Vision is the ability to imagine different
and better future conditions and ways to
achieve them
Charismatic leaders inspire others with
their visions, which are often lofty, longterm goals.
Visionaries have unique brain activity,
suggests recent neuroscience research.
A vision differs from a mission. A mission
defines an organization’s purpose,
whereas a vision draws a picture of what
the future will be.
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Vision Component, cont’
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A strong and clear vision statement
should have the following elements:
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A reason for being beyond making
money
Timeless, unchanging core values
Ambitious but achievable goals
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hull College of Business
Vision Statement
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The vision of the Hull
College of Business is
to be a globally
competitive business
school which delivers
innovation and value to
our students, to our
stakeholders, and to
society as a whole.
Mission Statement
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Dean Miller ?
Ability to change Vision
based on rules handed to him
by his top of pyramid…..
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Hull College of Business
provides a high quality,
student-focused education
that prepares our students
to excel in their fields of
study and become leaders
on a global stage. Our
programs are highly
desirable and develop
graduates that are highly
recruited. Our faculty
members advance scholarly
understanding and improve
the professional practice of
our disciplines through
collaborative research and
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service.
The Communication Component
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Charismatic leaders’ communication style is
typically colorful, imaginative, open, and
expressive
Management by Inspiration
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Using metaphors and analogies to appeal to the
intellect, imagination, and values of group
members
Gearing language to different audiences
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Speech identifies leader as one of them
Management by Anecdote
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Inspiring and instructing team members by
storytelling
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Techniques for Developing
Charisma
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Create visions for others
Be enthusiastic, optimistic, and energetic
Be sensibly persistent, (almost) neversay-no
Remember peoples’ names
Develop synchrony with others, “connect”
Develop a personal brand and be polished
Be candid, yet not insensitive, and direct
If appropriate for your work, display an
in-your-face attitude
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Transformational Leadership
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The transformational leader helps
bring about major, positive changes
Transformational leaders move
group members beyond their selfinterests for the good of the group,
organization, or society
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Figure 3-2 How Transformations
Take Place
To accomplish his or her lofty
purposes, the transformational
leader attempts to overhaul the
organizational culture or subculture
In contrast, the transactional
leader focuses on more routine
transactions, with an emphasis
on rewarding group members for
meeting standards.
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Attributes of a
Transformational Leader
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Charismatic
Emotionally intelligent
Extroverted
Creates and
communicates a vision
Encourages the
personal
development of
others
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Provides supportive
leadership
Practices
empowerment
Thinks innovatively
Leads by example
Often employs moral
reasoning
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Concerns About
Charismatic Leadership
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According to the concept of leadership polarity,
leaders are often either revered or vastly
unpopular, e.g. Martha Stewart
Charisma may not be necessary for leadership
effectiveness
Charisma and its effects on leadership is a matter
of perception; one may not necessarily affect
the other
Charismatic leadership may lead to unethical,
illegal or immoral actions
Some charismatic and transformational leaders
neglect their social responsibility
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Summary
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Charisma is a special quality of some
leaders that differentiates them from
others
Charismatic leaders often contribute to
group members’ attributions of their
charismatic qualities through impression
management
The effects of charismatic leadership can
be organized into three dimensions:
referent power, expert power, and
job involvement
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Summary (cont’d)
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There are five types of charismatic
leaders: socialized, personalized, officeholder, personal, and divine
Charismatic and transformational leaders
are able to articulate a vision in such a
way as to inspire others
Charisma can be developed
There may be a dark side to charismatic
leadership
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
29
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
30
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
31
© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
32