AH-16093 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology with Lab
Arkansas Northeastern College
FDH
Instructor: Kara Johnson & Lynn Sikes
Office: Allied Health Building
Office Phone: 870-780-1254
E-Mail: kwhite@smail.anc.edu
Office Hours: As posted or by appointment.
Term: Spring 2016
Class meeting Days: T & TH
Class meeting Hours: 8:30 –2:30pm x 8 weeks
Meeting Place: Room 119
I.
Welcome!
As faculty, we welcome you to the Anatomy and Physiology for Paramedics with Lab course; a component of the Paramedic
Program. We hope that you are as excited about learning as we are in teaching the principles and concepts surrounding the
delivery of emergency medical services.
II.
Course Catalog Description:
This course provides an introduction to Human anatomy and physiology from cellular structure to systems applications.
Emphasis is on the normal human anatomy and physiology process and disease processes with a classroom lab to focus on
application of concepts related to pre-hospital medicine. Body systems covered in this course are an overview of the human
body, and respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, excretory, endocrine, nervous, skeletal and muscular systems.
III.
Course Overview: This course provides an introductory overview to the human body and its component organ systems for the
Emergency Care through a blended classroom and online learning methods.
IV.
Course Rationale: Understanding the basic anatomy and physiology of the human body is necessary for the proper assessment
of the pre-hospital patient. If the Paramedic understands “normal” physiology, then he or she is better able to understand how
physiologic change associated with individual pathologies or traumas affects the individual pre-hospital patient.
V.
Course Objectives:
The Anatomy and Physiology course is designed to provide introductory instruction in Anatomy and Physiology that supports
the paramedic practice curriculum. This includes learning objectives reflecting the cognitive learning domain. At the conclusion
of the Anatomy and Physiology with Lab the student will be able to:
A.
Cognitive Learning Domain:
C1. Recognize the progression of structural levels (atoms, molecules, compounds, cells, tissues, organs, and systems) that
contributes to the body's order and stability. SOL 1, 2
C2. Describe and utilize the precise and logical descriptive word roots, prefixes, & suffixes to identify body parts and
directional terms.
C3. Identify and understand the structure, function and reproduction of cells.
C4. Demonstrate knowledge of the essentials of body chemistry.
C5. Understand how parts of the human body contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis.
C6. Describe how the integumentary system, skeletal system and muscular system each function in protection, support and
movement.
C7. Demonstrate knowledge of how the cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system,
urinary system and immune system each function in the distribution of materials and contribute to the maintenance of
homeostasis
C8. Demonstrate knowledge of how the nervous system (central, peripheral & autonomic), organs of sensation and
endocrine system each contribute to the regulatory control, integrative communication and systemic coordination
within the human body.
C9. Describe how the reproductive system, genetics, and aging process each contribute to the reproduction, growth and
development of a human body.
C1. Describe basic health concepts regarding: drugs & alcohol, HIV infection and other transmittable diseases.
B. Affective Learning Domain:
A1. Demonstrate professional behavior, judgment, and attitude toward instructor, peers, and colleagues while in the
classroom and clinical laboratory consistent with the affective domain behavioral objectives to include: Integrity,
Empathy, Self-Motivation, Appearance and Personal Hygiene, Self-Confidence, Communications, Time Management,
Teamwork and Diplomacy, respect, Patient Advocacy, and Careful Delivery of Service. Refer to the Performance
Affective Domain Evaluation (PADE).
VI.
Course Pre-requisites:
a. None
VII.
Course Credits:
a. This is a 3 credit hour course
VIII.
Required Texts and Materials:
 Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider
o AAOS,JONES+BART
o Edition: 2ND 15
o ISBN: 9781449642303
IX.
Supplementary (Optional) Text and Materials
a. None
X.
Basics for Final Grade:
Assessment
Chapter Exams
Final Exam
Quizzes / Papers
Homework / Lab Grades
Attendance / Evaluations
Grade
40%
25%
15%
15%
5%
100%
Grading Scale (%)
90.45 - 100
82.45-90.44
74.45-82.44
66.45-74.44
0 – 66.44
A
B
C
D
F
XI.
Grade Dissemination:
Graded unit exams will be returned to the student for review of grade and questions missed. The instructor will review each
exam and answer any questions the student may have in relation to the exam. Mid-term grades are issued to students in the fall
and spring semesters to inform them of progress in their courses. The mid-term grades are temporary grades and are not
recorded on the student academic record. A counseling session will be held with every student to discuss mid-term grades.
Mid-tem and final grades can be accessed using Campus Connect on myANC. Please note that scores returned mid-term are
unofficial grades. If you need help accessing myANC contact the ANC Helpdesk by email: ANChelp@smail.anc.edu.
XII.
Course Policies: Grades:
Students are expected to maintain a minimum grade of 75% or a C in the course to pass. Students are also expected to meet the
Critical Performance Evaluation of a 75% or higher. Students whose average drops below a 75% or are not able to meet the CPE
of 75% will be dismissed from the course.
Exams / Quizzes: Exams are scheduled at the discretion of the faculty, and are usually given after completion of each unit. The
student must be present during the time of the exam, if a make-up exam is necessary a 10% deduction of the final grade will
take place. If the student is late they will be required to schedule a make-up with the instructor. Quizzes will not be allowed to
be made up. If you miss a quiz you will received a zero. The grade can be made up with a 1 page paper; the topic of the paper
will be the choice of the instructor.
Students are required to score a 75% or better on all exams and chapter test. If a student does not meet this requirement they
are required to meet with the instructor and discuss ways to improve their score and must take a makeup exam or write a paper
to meet this requirement
A comprehensive final exam must be taken.
Assignments are due at the start of class on the assigned due date.
The final grade will be based on unit exams, Final Exam, Attendance, and Quizzes, Homework, and online components. In
addition, students must successfully validate all assigned skills by the third attempt to meet clinical objectives and requirements
to pass the course.
Late Work and Make-up Policy:
Make-up exams and late work are allowed at the discretion of the course faculty. If a make-up exam is allowed, a 10%
deduction of the final grade will take place. If the student is late for a scheduled exam they will have to discuss a make-up
exam with the instructor. Late homework or other assignments will receive 10% off of the assignment and 10% each day it is
late. The assignment must be completed even if the final grade is a zero. If the assignment is not turned in, the student will
receive a written warning. Three or more assignments that receive a zero the student will be removed from the course due to
lack of participation and commitment to the course.
Extra Credit Policy:
Typically no extra credit assignments are given
Grades of "Incomplete":
The current College policy concerning incomplete grades will be followed in this course. Incomplete grades are given only in
situations where unexpected emergencies prevent a student from completing the course and the remaining work can be
completed the next semester. Your instructor is the final authority on whether you qualify for an incomplete. Incomplete work
must be finished by the end of the subsequent semester or the “I” will automatically be recorded as an “F” on your transcript.
The Paramedic policy does not allow for incomplete grades in this course due to prerequisite requirements. The student must
be able to meet the objectives of this course in order to move on in the curriculum path.
Final grades will be issued to all students at the end of each semester or the final summer session. The final grades are
permanent grades and will be recorded on the student academic records. Inquiries concerning grades should be referred to the
Register’s Office.
Group Work Policy:
Everyone must take part in a group project. All members of a group will receive the same score; that is, the project is assessed
and everyone receives this score. However, that number is only 90% of your grade for the project. The final 10% in individual,
and refers to your teamwork. Every person in the group will provide the instructor with a suggested grade for every other
member of the group, and the instructor will assign a grade that is informed by those instructions. Also, everyone must take
part in the group essay (see assignments below). The grading criteria are the same as the group project. Once formed, groups
cannot be altered or switched, except for reasons of extended hospitalization.
XIII.
Course Policies: Technology and Media
Email: Arkansas Northeastern College has partnered with Google to host email addresses for ANC students. A myANC mail
account is created for each student enrolled in the current semester and is the email address your instructor will use to
communicate with you. Access your email account by going to http://mail.google.com/a/smail.anc.edu and using your first and
last names, separated by a period for your username. Your default password is the last six digits of your Student ID. If you
cannot access your student email, contact the MITS department at 762-1020 ext 1150 or ext 1207 or send an email to
ANChelp@smail.anc.edu.
E-mail access is made available to all students enrolled in the course. Faculty will use e-mail through myANC to contact students
regarding any messages that must be disseminated when not in class or clinical. Faculty will check his/her e-mail on evenings
and weekends. Students are also encouraged to check their e-mail for messages on a regular basis.
Internet: This course has a web component on myANC; students are encouraged to login to their myANC everyday as
assignments for this course may be posted.
Laptop Usage: Laptops are typically not used within this course. If a student requests use of a laptop for taking notes during
lecture, the situation will be assessed on an individual basis.
Classroom Devices: Tape recorders or other audio and technology devices are allowed as long as they are not disturbing to
other students.
Computer Labs: In addition to general-purpose classrooms, a number of computer laboratories are provided for instructional
and student use. These networked laboratories are state-of-the-art and fully equipped with computers, printers, Internet
connections and the latest software. The labs are open to students enrolled in one or more credit hours at the College.
Technology Support: A lab assistant is generally present in the computer lab in B202 for assistance in using the College
computers. These assistants cannot help you with course assignments; specific questions regarding the technology
requirements for each course should be directed to the instructor of the course. Problems with myANC or College email
accounts should be addressed by email to ANCHelp@smail.anc.edu.
XIV.
Course Policies: Student Expectations:
Disability Access: Arkansas Northeastern College is committed to providing reasonable accommodations for all persons with
disabilities. This First Day Handout is available in alternate formats upon request. Students with disabilities who need
accommodations in this course must contact the instructor at the beginning of the semester to discuss needed
accommodations. No accommodations will be provided until the student has met with the instructor to request
accommodations. Students who need accommodations must be registered with Johnny Moore in Statehouse Hall, 762-3180
Attendance Policy:
Student attendance is required at all scheduled classes, including lab sessions. Students may be dropped from the course for
excessive absences of any kind. If 3 or more absences occur for any reason, the status of the student will be reviewed by the
faculty to determine a disposition. Course failure is likely under these circumstances If a student misses any class, he or she is
responsible for any missed quizzes, examinations, and material covered in that class session. Prompt arrival is expected at all
class activities.
Excused absences may be granted by the course instructor for extenuating circumstances, and each absents will be reviewed
and addressed per each student needs.
Professionalism Policy:
Students are expected to conduct themselves in accordance with the professional expectations for paramedics at all times.
Students are reminded that they are representatives of Arkansas Northeastern College whenever and wherever they are
involved with course-related activities. Professional conduct is essential to a successful course experience and EMS career.
Students are expected to attend all classes, be on time, and remain in class for the scheduled length of time. Students are
expected to exhibit professional behaviors in the class, clinical labs, and during clinical site rotations. Mobile phones, iPods, etc.
must be silenced during all classes and clinical labs. No mobile phones or electronic devices are permitted at clinical site
locations during clinical rotations.
Academic Integrity Policy:
Academic dishonesty in any form will not be tolerated. If you are uncertain as to what constitutes academic dishonesty, please
consult ANC’s Student Handbook (http://www.anc.edu/docs/anc_handbook.pdf) for further details. Students are expected to
do their own work. Plagiarism, using the words of others without express permission or proper citation, will not be tolerated.
Any cheating (giving or receiving) or other dishonest activity will, at a minimum, result in a zero on that test or assignment and
may be referred, at the discretion of the instructor, to the Department Chair and/or Vice President of Instruction for further
action.
Cheating on a test or other assignment is grounds for disciplinary action and the student may be dismissed immediately from
this course and the entire program. Studying together is acceptable and encouraged because such can be helpful in learning;
but each class member is expected to prepare his/her own class assignments based on his/her knowledge and individual effort.
Examples include, but are not limited to:
1. Cheating in any form
2. Falsification or forgery of academic documents, applications, clinical evaluations, lab evaluations, etc.
3. Plagiarism (including copying and pasting of electronic text into assigned work)
Academic & Career Enrichment Advising Center: The Academic & Career Enrichment (ACE) Advising Center is located in
Statehouse Hall in Room S145. The ACE Advising Center advises all new ANC students. Once a student is progressing through
his/her program of study, the student will be assigned an advisor in the field of study. Prospective students are provided test
prep assistance through the computerized Skills Tutor system for Compass test placement. The ACE Advising Center also houses
a Virtual Career Center including career placement services, as well as academic tutoring services for enrolled students. The
tutoring services offered are one-on-one tutoring, group tutoring, and group labs for specific classes.
Learning Assistance Center:
The Learning Assistance Center (LAC) is a free resource for ANC students. The LAC provides drop-in assistance, computer
tutorials and audio/visual aids to students who need help in academic areas. Learning labs offer individualized instruction in the
areas of mathematics, reading, writing, vocabulary development and college study methods. Tutorial services are available on
an individual basis for those having difficulty with instructional materials. The LAC also maintains a shelf of free materials
addressing specific problems, such as procedures for writing essays and term papers, punctuation reviews, and other useful
materials. For more information, visit the LAC website at http://www.anc.edu/LAC or stop by room L104 in the Adams/Vines
Library Complex.
Other Student Support Services: Many departments are ready to assist you to reach your educational goals. Be sure to check
with your advisor; the ACE Advising Center, Room S145 and Student Support Services, Room W207; to find the right support for
you.
XV.
Important Dates to Remember
Online Component Begins: January 11, 2016
Classes Begin: January 12, 2016
Last Day of Class: March 3, 2016
Final Exam Day: March 3, 2016
All dates and assignments are tentative, and can be changed at the discretion of the instructor.
The schedule is subject to revisions at any time.
XVI.
Unit & Instructional Objectives with Schedule Instructional Objectives
Chapter 1: Human Anatomy and Physiology: An Overview
1. Define the terms anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and homeostasis.
2. Describe the systems of the body.
3. Define the terms anatomic position, frontal plane, transverse plane, sagittal plane, and midsagittal plane.
4. Use proper terminology to describe the locations of body parts with respect to one another.
5. Understand the basics of chemistry and their contribution to the study of anatomy and physiology.
Chapter 2: Cells
1. Discuss the relevance of understanding human body system function and structure to conditions commonly found in the
field.
2. Name and describe the two general classes of cells.
3. Name the three basic parts of the cell.
4. Describe the function of the cell membrane.
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State the arrangement of the molecules in the cell membrane.
State the five functions of proteins in the cell membrane.
Describe the different types of cell permeability.
Define each of these cellular transport mechanisms and give an example of the role of each in the body: diffusion, osmosis,
facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
Describe the function of the nucleus and chromosomes.
Describe the cytoplasm and the role of organelles and cytosol within the cytoplasm.
Describe how the cell membrane regulates the composition of the cytoplasm.
Describe what happens in mitosis/cytokinesis and meiosis and the importance of each.
Describe the four types of tissues and give general characteristics of each.
Describe the function of epithelial tissues and connective tissues and relate them to the function of the body or an organ
system.
Name some membranes of connective tissue.
List the three types of muscle tissues and the basic differences between them.
Discuss the function of nervous tissues.
List the organs made of nervous tissues.
Name the organ systems of the body.
Name the body regions and the structures they contain.
Name the body cavities, their membranes, and examples of organs within each cavity.
Explain the four quadrants of the abdomen and name the organs in each.
Chapter 3: The Skeletal System
1. Describe the function of the skeleton.
2. Explain how bones are classified and give an example of each.
3. Explain how joints are classified; give an example of each and describe the movements possible.
4. Describe how the embryonic skeleton is replaced by bone.
5. State the nutrients necessary for bone growth.
6. Name the hormones involved in bone growth and maintenance.
7. Explain what is meant by exercise for bones and explain its importance.
8. Identify the two major subdivisions of the skeleton and list the bones in each area.
Chapter 4: The Musculoskeletal System
1. Describe muscle structure in terms of muscle cells, tendons, and bones.
2. Describe the neuromuscular junction and explain the function(s) for each part.
3. Describe the structure of a sarcomere.
4. Describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
5. Explain polarization, depolarization, and repolarization in terms of ions and charges.
6. Name the energy sources for muscle contraction.
7. Explain the importance of hemoglobin, myoglobin, oxygen debt, and lactic acid.
8. Describe the difference between antagonistic and synergistic muscles.
9. State the major muscles of the body and their functions.
Chapter 5: The Respiratory System
1. Discuss the relevance of understanding the function and structure of the respiratory system to conditions commonly found
in the field.
2. State the primary functions of the respiratory system.
3. Identify the organs of the respiratory system and describe their functions.
4. Describe the structure and function of the larynx and the speaking mechanism.
5. State the roles of visceral and parietal pleura in respiration.
6. State the changes in air pressure within the thoracic cavity during respiration.
7. Describe the factors that influence the respiration rate.
8. Identify the respiratory areas of the brain that control inspiration as well as exhalation.
9. Explain the diffusion of gases in external and internal respiration.
10. Explain how respiration affects the pH of certain body fluids.
11. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.
Chapter 6: The Circulatory System
1. Describe the location of the heart and its relationship to other structures in the body.
2. Name the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each chamber.
3. Trace the pathway of a blood cell throughout the body.
4. Name the valves of the heart and their function.
5. State how heart sounds are created.
6. Define blood pressure and state the normal ranges for systolic and diastolic indices.
7. Describe the cardiac cycle.
8. Describe the cardiac conduction system and how an electrocardiogram records electrical heart activities.
9. Explain stroke volume, cardiac output, and Starling’s law of the heart.
10. Explain how the nervous system regulates the function of the heart.
11. List the structure and function of each of the blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
12. Describe the exchange of gases that occurs at the capillary level.
13. Name the major systemic arteries and the parts of the body they nourish.
14. Name the major systemic veins and the parts of the body they drain of blood.
15. Describe the primary functions of blood.
16. List the formed elements of blood and state the primary functions of each.
17. Describe what happens to red blood cells at the end of their life span, including the state of hemoglobin.
18. Explain the ABO and Rh blood types.
19. Name the five kinds of white blood cells and the functions of each.
20. Describe the function of platelets and explain how they are involved in hemostasis.
21. Describe the formation of a blood clot.
22. Explain how abnormal clotting is prevented in the vascular system.
Chapter 7: The Lymphatic and Immune System
1. Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.
2. Describe the system of lymph vessels and explain how lymph is returned to the blood.
3. State how lymph is formed.
4. State the location and function of lymph nodes, the thymus, and the spleen.
5. Explain the role of the thymus in immunity.
6. Define immunity.
7. Explain the differences between humoral response and cellular immune response.
8. Compare and contrast the development and function of B cells and T cells.
9. Describe the differences between active and passive immunity.
10. List the five types of immunoglobulins and explain which type is important in the activation of B cells.
11. Differentiate between primary and secondary immune responses.
12. Explain how vaccines work.
13. Define infectious disease.
14. Name some important infectious diseases found in prehospital care.
15. Explain how microorganisms are named and classified.
16. Describe the distribution of and the benefits of normal flora.
17. List different methods by which infectious diseases are spread.
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
1. Name the anatomic and functional divisions of the nervous system.
2. Name the parts of a neuron and the function of each.
3. Describe the types of neurons, nerves, and nerve tracts.
4. Explain the importance of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and neuroglia in the central nervous system.
5. Describe the electrical nerve impulse and impulse transmission at the synapse.
6. State the functions of the parts of the brain and locate each part on a diagram.
7. Explain the importance of stretch reflexes, flexor reflexes, and a reflex arc.
8. Name the meninges and point out their locations on a diagram.
9. State the functions of cerebrospinal fluid.
10. Name the cranial nerves.
11. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Chapter 9: The Integumentary System
1. State the three functions of the integumentary system.
2. Name the two layers of skin.
3. Name the tissues that make up the subcutaneous layer and describe their functions.
4. Name the five layers of the epidermis.
5. State the function of the stratum corneum and the stratum germinativum.
6. Describe the function of melanin and melanocytes.
7. Describe how the blood vessels in the dermis respond to heat, cold, and stress.
8. Describe the function of hair and how hairs grow out of the skin.
9. Explain how sweat glands play a major role in regulating body temperature.
10. Distinguish between eccrine and apocrine glands.
11. Describe the structure of nails.
Chapter 10: The Gastrointestinal System
1. Identify the organs of the digestive system.
2. Describe the wall of the alimentary canal.
3. Identify the accessory organs of digestion.
4. Describe the structure and function of the teeth and tongue in digestion.
5. Explain the processes by which materials move through the digestive tract.
6. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.
7. Define peristalsis.
8. Explain the function of saliva.
9. Describe the location and function of the pharynx and esophagus.
10. Define chyme.
11. Describe the anatomy of the stomach.
12. Describe the difference in absorption between the large and small intestine.
13. Describe the function of the normal flora in the colon.
14. Describe the functions of the liver.
15. Describe the importance of the mesenteries.
Chapter 11: Endocrine System
1. Define endocrine glands, exocrine glands, hormone, and prostaglandin.
2. Explain what prostaglandins are made of and state some of their functions.
3. Discuss the relevance of understanding the function and structure of the endocrine system to conditions commonly found
in the field.
4. Explain how protein hormones and steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects.
5. Identify the primary endocrine glands and list the major hormones secreted by each.
6. Explain the roles of positive and negative feedback mechanisms in hormone secretions.
7. List the hormones released from the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.
8. Describe the location of the thyroid gland and identify the hormones produced by this gland.
9. Describe the relationship between parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
10. Describe the relationship between insulin and glucagon.
11. Describe the location, structure, and general functions of the adrenal glands.
Chapter 12: The Urinary System
1. Describe the three major functions of the urinary system.
2. Describe the location and structural features of the kidneys.
3. Describe how the kidneys function in maintaining normal blood volume and pressure.
4. Name the parts of a nephron.
5. Describe how the kidneys help to maintain normal blood pH and electrolyte balance.
6. Describe the characteristics of normal urine and how it is formed.
7. State the hormones that affect kidney function.
Chapter 13: The Reproductive System and Human Genetics
1. List the essential and accessory reproductive organs of the male and female, describing the general function of each.
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Name the hormones necessary for the formation of gametes.
Describe the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Describe the three layers of the uterine wall.
Briefly describe the life cycle of an oocyte.
Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in hormone levels and the condition of the endometrium.
Define the following terms: diploid, haploid, gametes, endometrium, genetic disease, homologous chromosomes,
autosomes, sex chromosomes, genes, alleles, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, and heterozygous.
Identify and describe the structures that constitute the external genitalia in both sexes.
Name the parts of a sperm cell.
Beginning with fertilization, describe the major developmental changes during gestation.
Describe the structure and function of the placenta and umbilical cord.
State the length of an average gestation period.
Describe the stages of labor.
Describe the difference between fetal circulation/respiration and adult circulation/respiration.
Describe the major changes that take place in an infant at birth.
Discuss the difference between dominant and recessive traits.
List some important genetic diseases found in out-of-hospital care.
Explain how genes can cause disease.
Chapter 14: The Special Sensory Systems
1. Explain the general purposes of sensations.
2. Name the parts of the sensory pathway and the general functions of each part.
3. Describe the characteristics of sensations.
4. Name the parts of the eye and explain their function in sight.
5. Describe the pathways for the senses of smell and taste and explain how these senses are interrelated.
6. Name the parts of the ear and explain their function in hearing.
7. Describe the physiology of balance or equilibrium.
8. Explain referred pain and its importance to out-of-hospital care.
Chapter 15: Nutrition and Metabolism
1. Define nutrition.
2. Describe the two groups of nutrients.
3. Define kilocalories.
4. Describe the metabolic roles of fats, glucose, and proteins.
5. Describe the functions of catabolism and anabolism.
6. State what the products of cellular respiration are and how the body disposes of them.
7. State the different ways heat is generated and lost in the body.
8. State the normal range of body temperature.
9. State why the hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body.
10. Describe the fluid compartments and the name for the water in each.
11. Explain how fluid moves between the compartments.
12. Explain how fluid is taken in by the body and exits the body