Lesson 3-A
Net Improvement: Configuring Network Services and Protocols
by Rashid Khan
Overview
Understand basic TCP/IP concepts.
Configure TCP/IP.
Set up DHCP.
Set up DNS and WINS.
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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP):
Is the most common protocol for handling
network communications on Microsoft networks.
Is also the preferred protocol for the Internet.
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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts
Addressing:
Computer networks require unique addresses
for each connected device.
The TCP/IP protocol suite implements IP
addresses that provide a unique identity to
devices on the network.
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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts
Unique IP addresses are necessary for
communication between network devices.
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Understand Basic TCP/IP Concepts
Addressing (continued):
Subnet masks.
Public IP addresses.
Private IP addresses.
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Subnet Masks
A subnet mask indicates the part of an IP
address that refers to the network and the
part of an IP address that refers to devices
(hosts) on the network.
Masking a smaller segment of the IP
address allows few networks with more
hosts.
Masking a larger segment of the IP
address allows more networks with few
hosts.
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Subnet Masks
Subnetting:
Custom subnet masks can be used to subdivide
a single range of IP addresses into two or more
smaller ranges.
Network administrators can decide to separate
segments of the network to enhance security,
ease management, and enhance performance.
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Public IP Addresses
 The Internet service provider (ISP) provides
Internet connectivity to organizations, and
handles the actual assigning of IP addresses.
 ISPs get their allocation of IP addresses from a
Local (LIR), National (NIR), or Regional Internet
Registry (RIR).
 IP addresses for public networks are distributed
using a system of three primary classes, known
as classes A, B, and C.
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Public IP Addresses
Address Ranges for Class-Based IP
Addresses
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Public IP Addresses
The Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR) is an addressing scheme for
allocating IP addresses.
It uses variable-length subnet masks,
which helps control the number of
addresses assigned to any particular
network.
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Private IP Addresses
The Internet Assigned Numbered Authority
(IANA) reserves special ranges of IP
addresses for use within private networks.
Such addresses are recognized as private
addresses by networking hardware and
software.
Such networks connect to other external
networks through routers that support
Network Address Translation (NAT).
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Configure TCP/IP
Dynamic and static IP addressing.
Changing connection properties.
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Private IP Addresses
Acceptable Ranges for Private IP Addresses
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Dynamic and Static IP Addressing
Dynamic IP addressing:
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
server provides a dynamic IP address to each
device as it connects to the network.
A dynamic IP address can often change, each
time a connection to the network is established.
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Dynamic and Static IP Addressing
Static IP addressing:
A static IP address does not change.
Static addresses need to be set manually.
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Change Connection Properties
The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box
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Change Connection Properties
The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box
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Change Connection Properties
The Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Properties
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Change Connection Properties
Specifying an IP
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Address
Change Connection Properties
Specifying an IP
Address
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Set Up DHCP
DHCP benefits.
Configuring DHCP.
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DHCP Benefits
DHCP offers the following benefits:
Windows accepts an incorrect TCP/IP address
or a subnet mask entry, as long as the typed
format resembles an actual address or a subnet
mask.
DHCP ensures that each address is unique.
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Configuring DHCP
At least one server on the network must
be configured as a DHCP server.
DHCP sever is not installed with Windows
Server 2003.
DHCP manages IP addresses by issuing a
lease to client computers for a particular
address. The address is taken from a pool
of addresses called the scope.
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Configuring DHCP
The scope >> a range of IP addresses
that are valid for the network to which the
DHCP server is connected.
The lease issued to clients is valid for a
limited time for a particular IP address.
Prior to the expiration date, the client can
request for a renewal.
If the lease expires, clients have to request
for a new IP address from the DHCP
server.
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Configuring DHCP
The New Scope Wizard offers the
following settings to add a new DHCP
scope:
Name and description.
IP Address range and subnet mask.
Excluded IP addresses.
Lease duration.
Default gateway.
Domain Name System (DNS) and Windows Internet
Name Service (WINS) settings.
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Configuring DHCP
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Adding a Scope
Configuring DHCP
Specifying an byIPRashid
Address
Range
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Configuring DHCP
Adding Exclusions
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Configuring DHCP
Configuring DHCP Options
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Configuring DHCP
Contents of the Scope
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Set Up DNS and WINS
DNS and WINS can translate Internet
domain names to IP addresses.
This translation process is called name
resolution.
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Set Up DNS and WINS
Difference between DNS and WINS.
Configuring DNS.
Client configuration.
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Set Up DNS and WINS
The Windows Components
Wizard
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Set Up DNS and WINS
Networking Services
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Set Up DNS and WINS
Completing the Windows
Component Wizard
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Difference between DNS and WINS
DNS:
DNS should be installed on most Windows
Server 2003 networks.
DNS resolves the IP host name to the IP
address.
However, operating systems such as Windows
NT and Windows 98 communicate over
networks using NetBIOS names.
Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS)
names need the services of WINS to be
resolved into IP addresses.
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Configure DNS
Lookup zones
Zone name
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Lookup Zones
 A forward lookup zone sends name resolution
requests for names outside a domain to an
external DNS server.
 The internal DNS server handles all requests for
internal name resolution.
 The DNS server processes each name
resolution request and determines whether or
not it can resolve the name.
 If the DNS server cannot resolve the name, it
queries known external DNS servers.
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Zone Name
A zone name:
Identifies the domain or portion of a domain for
which a DNS server is responsible.
Is used by the DNS server to determine which
name requests are internal and which are not.
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Client Configuration
Clients connected to the network must be
properly configured to work with DHCP.
On Windows XP and Windows 2000, the
TCP/IP settings can be configured to
obtain the IP address and the DNS server
address automatically.
On older operating systems, the WINS
server needs to be configured to use
DHCP for WINS resolution.
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Client Configuration
Configuring a DNS Server
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Client Configuration
Selecting a
Configuration Action
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Client Configuration
Selecting a Primary
Server Location
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Client Configuration
Specifying a Zone Name
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Client Configuration
Setting Dynamic Updates
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Client Configuration
Forwarders
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Client Configuration
The DNS Tab in the Advanced
TCP/IP Settings
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Client Configuration
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Configuringby Scope
Options
Summary
 The TCP/IP protocol suite is the preferred
protocol for networks and the Internet.
 It distinguishes each device on a network by
implementing IP addresses.
 TCP/IP can be configured statically or
dynamically.
 DHCP servers can reuse IP addresses that are
not currently in use.
 DNS and WINS can resolve Internet domain
names to IP addresses.
by Rashid Khan