International Crowd Management Conference
Boot Camp, Chicago 2007
Larry B. Perkins, CFE, CPP, CMP
Assistant General Manager
RBC Center
Raleigh, North Carolina
ICMC In Review
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25th Anniversary
10th Anniversary
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(My roots)
Evolution
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Who Concert 1979
Sept. 11, 2001
Hurricane Katrina, 2005
London Bombing Plot,
2007
Facility Design and
Location Trends
Transient Fans and
Sports Teams
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IAAM Response
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ICMC
SSTF
AVSS
Crowd Assembly
Facilitator
Best Practices
Mega Shelter Best
Practices (Red Cross)
CVMS
PAFMS
SES
Standard of Care
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My Staff’s
Presentations
Objective (Why are we here?)
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Assess the risks associated with
Sports & Entertainment in the area of
Crowd Management.
Develop Plans to counteract those
Risks
Why – To Protect life and Property
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We do this by
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Greeting, directing and informing
How
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How?
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Understand what is Crowd Management
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Shaping crowd behavior (TSEI)
Review the components of crowd management
 Question and Discussion format
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Crowd Manager
and
Crowd Assembly
Facilitator
(NFPA)
(IAAM)
Crowd Manager & Crowd Manager
Supervisor
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1994 NFPA 1/250
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Crowd Manager or
Crowd Manager
Supervisor
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Who shall receive
appropriate training in
crowd management
techniques
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Emphasis on
Time, Space,
Energy &
Information
IAAM Foundation (1997)
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IAAM Foundation Grant &
Task Force
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Crowd Assembly
Facilitator (CAF)
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Crowd Management
Administrator
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Front Line event staff
Crowd Assembly
Supervisor
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During events CAF’s
report to CAS’s
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Professional expert
staff who design &
implement
Crowd Management
Instructor
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A crowd management
professional trained
under IAAM -endorsed curriculum
Categories of Personnel
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Categories of
Personnel
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Event Safety & Security
Law Enforcement
Guest Services
Box Office
Parking & Traffic
Management Staff
Concessions
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Medical
Host & Hostess
Fire & Safety
IAAM Curriculum
-- Nine Components
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Assisting guests
Implement
facility/event policies
Risk management
Crowd dynamics
management
Knowledge of events
and facilities
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Conflict Identification &
Mitigation
Training
Perform
Communications
Functions
Major Emergency
Response
Effective Crowd Management
Crowd management is a component of a Risk Management Plan
(see p7). It primarily focuses on maintaining a desired event
environment. Though the analyzation of known variables and
identification of unknown variables, we can then develop disciplines
to counteract unwanted variables and minimize crowd-related risks.
Crowd management employs techniques in advance of the event;
e.g. hiring, training, analyzing and planning. During events, it is the
process of maintaining established disciplines while executing,
communicating and supervising the plan. After the event, accessing
the plan applied and making adjustments where needed is the
objective.
Variables
Front Stage Photo
Fence Gate Opening
Safety Hazards and Change of
Direction
Trees Next to Fence
Walk Bridge
When Things Go Wrong!
Chicago E2 Nightclub
Feb 17 2003
and
Station Nightclub,
Rhode Island, Feb 22,
2003
Assessment
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Time
Space
Energy
Information
Physical Space Eval.
Bomb threats
Day of Event Cancellation
Physical Assemblage Eval.
Moshing
Snowballs from Hell!
Eight Point Crowd
Management & Event
Planning Module
™
Eight Point CM & Event Planning Model
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Investigation
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A written plan that list
goals and objectives
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Meetings, briefings
through various forms
The role of each
manager/supervisor in the
plan
Crisis Management
Program
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Putting the plan in motion
Supervising the Plan
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Communication
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Execution
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(Data collected and
identify variables)
Plan
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Data collection
Analyzing
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Should something happen
what’s the plan?
Assessing the Plan
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Debriefings, walk-through
facility, review incident
reports, corrective action
Four Dangerous
Times for Injuries
and Death
During Moving Crowds
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Ingress
Egress
Celebration
Protest
Understanding Crowd Dynamics
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To have a Good Time, to enjoy themselves, to
relax or get energized, to seek out adventure, to
interact, to concur and to not have to worry about
the hassles of work or home.
Crowds Grow or Descend from a few people to
thousands, in a matter of minutes.
Crowding, stampeding, trampling, suffocation,
with no avenue of escape, is the number one
cause of multiple injuries and deaths by human
hands at events.
When Death Knocks…
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Pearl Jam, June 30, 2000, 9
deaths, 25 injured, Roskilde
Festival, Denmark
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Sheffield Stadium April 15,
1989 95 deaths
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Who Concert December 5,
1979 12 deaths, Cincinnati,
Ohio
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City College of New York, 8
deaths, December 27, 1991
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High Energy/Surge
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Ingress/High Energy
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Ingress/Surge
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Ingress/Protest/Surge
Crowd Management - Action Plan
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72 Hours Develop a Game…
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Survive By Choice, not by Chance
Topics
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Need to Know,
Prioritize
Date
Task Force
IAAM CVMS
(Members)
Nice to Know or No. 1-?
Required Or person
N/A
Assigned
My Books
www.Lulu.com/CrowdSafety
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Crowd Safety and Survival
Day of Event Cancellation Procedures
Eight Point Event Planning Model
Crowd Safety Tips
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
Arena Moshing
Diagram
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STAGE
Out
Clear Zone & Stage Barricade
Out
Crowd Density Zones
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7 Sq. ft
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15 Sq. ft
In\Out
CLEAR
ZONE
Aisle
ACCESS AISLE
Second Mosh Section, Festival or Reserved Seating Section
Not to scale – One design of many
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In\Out
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1.5 Sq. ft
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