BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Unit 8 ~ Learning Guide
Name: _______________
INSTRUCTIONS
Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons.
You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do
your best and ask questions about anything that you don't understand BEFORE you
write the unit test.
8.1 NOTES: ANGIOSPERMS
General Characteristics of Flowering Plants
All ___________________________ belong
to the division Magnoliophyta and ________
___________________________________.
Developing from the flower is ___________
_______________________________. This
extremely diverse division is responsible for
countless industries. We are surrounded by
them
in
everyday
life,
from
_______________
____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.
______________________________ further ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________. This
is based on their seed type and growth pattern. The food portion of the seed is called
the cotyledon. As the name suggests, a __________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________. Other differences are outlined in the table below.
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Comparison of Monocot versus Dicot Angiosperms
Characteristic
Monocot
seed
seed leaf
(1st leaf to form in germination)
vascular bundles
(xylem and phloem)
veins in leaf
flower parts
(such as petals and sepal)
A Visual Comparison of Monocots versus Dicots
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Dicot
BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Monocots and Dicots also ________________________________________________
_______________________. _______________________ have a tap root system.
Monocot have a ____________________________________________.
Monocot
Dicot
The Flower
The development of the flower and the fruit are the key to the success of the
angiosperms. These specialized structures create a symbiotic relationship with certain
animals to aid in fertilization as well as dispersion of the species. _________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________. After it is fertilized
the flower will develop into a fruit which may be harvested and eaten by animals.
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________to be dropped with a bit of extra fertilizer.
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Flowers_______________________________
_____________________________________
_. The ______________________________
______________________________. In most
flowers this is fused together to form a
_______________. The _________________
_____________________________________
___________________. Eggs are stored in
the ovary until they are fertilized. Special
chemicals prevent sperm from fertilizing the
eggs of flowers that are not the same kind.
The _________________________________
_________________________________. The
stamen ______________________________
____________________________________
______________________________. Sexual
reproduction occurs when pollen from an
anther is transferred to the stigma. Pollination
is often aided by insects that have evolved with these plants. Plants can self- fertilize or
cross-fertilize (pollen transferred to stigma of a different plant).
Types of Fruit
The
___________________________________________
__________________________________. The fleshy part of
the fruit develops from the ovary and ovary wall of the flower.
The function of this flesh varies in different plants but it to some
__________________________________________________
________________________________________. The fruit can
take on a specialized shape to be transported by wind (e.g.,
maple) or water (e.g., coconut) or can develop into a fruit that
offers an animal nutrition in exchange for transport.
We commonly think of apples, bananas, oranges or melons as
fruits, however, many other foods we don't consider are fruits as
well. Foods such as ____________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_____________________________________ because they
develop from a flower.
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Angiosperm Reproduction
As with the gymnosperms, ________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________. Flowers hold
male and female reproductive organs. The ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
It is here where meiosis takes place. In ________________________, meiosis
produces the _________________________ that _____________________________
_____________________________________ and in __________________________
meiosis produces ________________________________ that __________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________, around the
embryo sac, and provides a passage for sperm to swim to the egg. Two sperm will
enter the embryo sac. _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________. This
process is called ___________________________________________. The fertilized
polar nuclei will develop into a triploid (3n) endosperm that ______________________
____________________________________ that develops from the zygote (fertilized
egg). Still surrounding the seeds at this point is the fruit that has developed from the
ovary wall. The fruit can function in various ways to aid in dispersal.
Diagram of Angiosperm Reproduction
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
Economic Importance of Angiosperms
"To some black gold refers to oil. To others, it refers to coffee"
- Mark Pendergast
As with gymnosperms, _______________________________
_________________________________. However, ________
__________________________________________________
___________________________. Hardwoods are _________
___________________________________________________
due to their varying colours and grain patterns. The durability
and strength of hardwoods mean they are used for more
expensive ________________________________________.
Birch, maple, and oak are each examples of hardwoods that are
commonly used for these purposes.
When we think of angiosperms, we think of flowers and fruit,
which both have obvious economic implications. Many
angiosperms have a less woody or herbaceous tissue and
___________________________________________________
______________________________. For example, with sugar
beets the root is used to make sugar and with sugar cane the
stalk of the plant is used. _____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________. We do not only consume the fruit. One
group of fruits has an extremely large effect on world nutrition. These are the grains.
___________________________________ are consumed worldwide as a base of
consumption providing starch to the diet.
Other uses of angiosperms are seen in drinks such as __________________________
_____________________________________. Cotton is used in _________________.
___________________ was derived from the rubber tree. Now most rubber is
synthetic. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________ that were derived from plants.
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
8.1 PRACTICE: ANGIOSPERMS
1. Describe how angiosperm seeds differ from gymnosperm seeds. (2 marks)
2. Indicate whether the following statement applies to a monocot (M) or a dicot (D).
(4 marks)
_____
a. Plant develops with one cotyledon
_____
b. Plant has net-like veins.
_____
c. Plant has vascular bundles arranged in circles.
_____
d. Plant has flower petals arranged in multiples of three.
3. Describe three functions of fruit with respect to plant survival. (3 marks)
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
4. Label the diagram below with the following terms. Please provide a brief
explanation the function of each structure. Please be neat. (14 marks)
o sepal
o stigma
o filament
o petal
o anther
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o style
o ovary
BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
5. What is the dominant stage in the angiosperm life cycle? Is this stage diploid or
haploid? (2 marks)
~ END OF BIOLOGY 11 UNIT 8 LEARNING GUIDE ~
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
UNIT 8 ANSWER KEY
8.1 NOTES: ANGIOSPERMS
1. Describe how angiosperm seeds differ from gymnosperm seeds. (2 marks)
-
gymnosperm have naked seed whereas angiosperm have fruit covering their
seeds
2. Indicate whether the following statement applies to a monocot (M) or a dicot (D). (4 marks)
_____
a. Plant develops with one cotyledon
_____
b. Plant has net-like veins.
_____
c. Plant has vascular bundles arranged in circles.
_____
d. Plant has flower petals arranged in multiples of three.
3. Describe three functions of fruit with respect to plant survival. (3 marks)
-
provides nutrients
-
provides protection
-
enhances dispersal
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BCLN BIOLOGY 11 – Rev July 2014
4. Label the diagram below with the following terms. Please provide a brief explanation the
function of each structure. Please be neat. (14 marks)
o
o
o
o
o
sepal
stigma
filament
petal
anther
o
o
style
ovary
Sepal = protects budding flower
Stigma = receives pollen during
fertilization
filament = holds anther up
Petal = attracts pollinators
Anther = contains pollen/male
reproductive cells
style = tube leading to ovary where
pollen enters
ovary = female reproductive organ
5. What is the dominant stage in the angiosperm life cycle? Is this stage diploid or
haploid? (2 marks)
-
sporophyte (2n) = diploid
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