I live here.
Address: Planet Earth.
I live here.
Address: Planet Earth
Using GIS to Redefine Space and Time
in Substance Abuse Information Science
28th Annual SALIS Conference
Newton Sheraton Hotel
Boston, Massachusetts
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
September 27, 2006
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
PREV-STAT Service
The IPRC is funded in part by a contract w/ the Indiana Family and Social Services
Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction.
©Copyright 2006 – The Trustees of Indiana University
GIS in Prevention combines Geographic Locators
and Demographic and other Data and Statistics
Environment
Geography
The People
Characteristics
Needs
Values
Norms
+
Their Interactions with
Their Environment
Institutions
Organizations
The Place: Neighborhood
Forest Manor / Martindale-Brightwood Neighborhoods
The Place: Government Boundaries
AGS Indiana Core Demographics
46218
Study a Place
AGS Indiana Core Demographics
Logic Model for Substance Abuse Prevention
Substance-Related
Consequences
and Use
Community
• Crime
• Strain on Family Services
• Strain on Schools
• Strain on Healthcare
Individual
• Physical damage
• Psychological damage
• Harm loved ones
• Family disintegration
Adapted from CSAP, Strategic Prevention
Framework, Indianapolis, Feb. 21, 2006
Intervening
Factors
Community
• Availability
– Price
– Retail
– Social
• Social Norms
• Enforcement
Individual
• Perceptions of risk
• Perceptions of harm
• Ability to act independently
Strategies
Select strategies –
policies, programs,
and practices – that
address the
Intervening Factors
in order to change the
problematic
Substance Use and
Substance-Related
Consequences in your
geographic area.
Society -- Social Values
• Overachievement
• Body Image -- Thinness ideal
• Economic success as No 1 Priority
Mapping Drug-Related Data: Cocaine
Coca/Cocaine Cultivation,
Columbia
Hectars per square kilometer
from "The Drug Trade in Colombia:
A Threat Assessment",
U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency,
Intelligence Division,
March 2002
Source: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/colombia_coca_density_2002.gif
Mapping Drug-Related Data -- Opium
Opium Poppy Cultivation,
Columbia, SA
Hectars per square kilometer
from "The Drug Trade in Colombia:
A Threat Assessment",
U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency,
Intelligence Division,
March 2002
Source:http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/colombia_poppy_areas_2002.gif
+ Drug Tests: Any Illicit Drug
from OHS Health and Safety:
Positive Drug Tests, 2000, by 3-digit Zip Code
Workplace Pre-Employment Drug Testing
Any Illicit Drug
Source: http://www.ohsinc.com/positive_rates_drug_testing_drug_screening_MAPS.htm
+ Drug Tests: Amphetamines
from OHS Health and Safety:
Positive Drug Tests, 2000, by 3 Digit Zip Code
Workplace Pre-Employment Drug Testing
Amphetamines
Source: http://www.ohsinc.com/positive_rates_drug_testing_drug_screening_MAPS.htm
Flow of Drugs – Coca --Planning Tool
BBC Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drugs Report, 2005.
Source:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/drugs_uk/drugs_map/html/default.stm
Flow of Drugs – Meth – Planning Tool
BBC Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drugs Report, 2005.
Source:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/drugs_uk/drugs_map/html/default.stm
Drug Threat Survey – Planning Tool
DEA: National Drug Threat Survey, 2005, of state and local agencies
Source: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/18862/appenda.htm
Drug Threat Survey – Planning Tool
DEA: National Drug Threat Survey, 2005, of state and local agencies
Source: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/18862/appenda.htm
Drug Distribution Center
DEA: National Drug Threat Survey, 2005, of state and local agencies
Source: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/18862/appenda.htm
Drug Threat Survey – Planning Tool
DEA: National Drug Threat Survey, 2005, of state and local agencies
Source: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/18862/appenda.htm
“Planet Earth”
www.rgo.ru
“Planet Earth”
www.rgo.ru
Geography in Strategic Planning
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geography in Strategic Planning
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geogracom does:
• Strategic planning
• Provide information and maps to assist in
regional development
• Feasibility studies
• Transportation planning
• Cost projections for development of road
networks
• Problem solving related to “Quality of Life”
issues – impact analysis
• Evaluation – system appraisal / project evaluation
Geography in Strategic Planning
They use a
GIS and data
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geography in Strategic Planning
They use a
GIS and data
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geography in Strategic Planning
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geography in Strategic Planning
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Geography in Strategic Planning
http://www.geogracom.ru/portal_e.html
Obstacles to a Global Drug
Information System
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public Policy Differences
Funds – Budget Limitations
Access to High Speed Communication Systems
Goals and Priorities Differ
Definitions (e.g., legality, norms, risks)
Languages
Compatibility of Technologies
Ways GIS Can Help You
with Prevention Planning
Obtain Demographic Background
Profile Readiness, Needs, and Resources
Locate Problem Area or Target Audience
Enhance Cultural Competency
Inform Decisions about Strategy Selection
Obtain Funding
More Ways GIS Can Help You with
Prevention Assessment and Evaluation
Importing Local Data
Geocoding
Percentages, Rates and Rankings
Analysis and Custom Mapping
Deaths from Influenza/Pneumonia
240
200
160
120
80
40
Top 10 Indiana Counties
for Influenza/Pneumonia
Deaths, 2004
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
www.drugs.indiana.edu
PREV-STAT
www.drugs.indiana.edu
Product/Tool:
GIS in
Prevention,
County Profile
Series,
No. 3
(2006)
GIS in Prevention, County Profile Fact Sheet
GIS in Prevention, County Profile Fact Sheet
IPRC PREV-STAT Service
www.drugs.indiana.edu
www.drugs.indiana.edu
GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3
GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3
THE INDIANA PREVENTION
RESOURCE CENTER
GIS in Prevention
County Profiles Series, No. 3
Lake County, Indiana
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services
Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services
Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated
by the Department of Applied Health Science and The School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation.
42
GIS in Prevention
County Profile Series, No. 3
Lake County, Indiana
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
Project Staff:
Kyoungsun Heo, MPA
Ritika Bhawal, MPH, BS
Solomon Briggs, B.A.
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of
Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2006 The Trustees of
Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved.
5.1 Population
Total Population and Geographic Data, 2004 est.
Warren Co.
Indiana
U.S.
8,788
6,230,346
293,686,994
24
174
83
3,416
2,465,349
112,708,665
Land Area (sq. miles)
365
35,867
3,537,438
Water Area (sq. miles)
2
551
256,645
Total Population
Persons per sq. mi.
Total Households
Table 5.1a:
Totals:
Population,
Households, and
Geographic
Characteristics
(AGS, 2004 est.,
2005).
Population by Age 0-24 (as Percent of Total Population), 2004 est.
Year
Dubois Co.
Indiana
U.S.
0-4
6.6
6.8
6.8
5-9
7.1
7
6.8
10-13
6.1
5.8
5.7
14-17
6
5.8
5.7
18-20
3.6
3.6
3.5
21-24
2.6
2.9
2.9
Table 5.1b Population
by Age Source: (AGS,
2004 est., 2005)
Map: Median Age of Population (equal count)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 estimates (2005)
Equal Count
Map: Median Age Current Yr. (contour map)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 estimates (2005)
5.2 Race/Ethnicity
Race & Hispanic/Latino Origin, 2004 est., (AGS, 2005) (Percent):
Race/Ethnic Group
Marion
Indiana
U.S.
White
70.1
87.5
75
Black
24.5
8.4
12.3
Asian
1.4
1
3.7
Two or More Races
1.6
1.2
2.4
Hispanic origin
5.1
4.1
14.3
Table 5.2:
Race/Ethnicity,
2004 estimates
(AGS, 2004 est.,
2005)
Map: Race/Ethnicity, White
Map: Race/Ethnicity, Black
Map: Race/Ethnicity, Black (contour)
Map: Race/Ethnicity, Black (prism by county)
Map: Race/Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino
(prism)
5.7 Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)
Dubois Co.
Indiana
U.S.
Less than 9th grade
9.1
5.3
7.6
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
10.8
12.6
12
Total, Less Than 9th or Less Than HS
Diploma
19.9
17.8
19.6
High school graduate
44.7
37.2
28.6
Some college, no degree
13.9
19.8
21.1
Associate degree
7.4
5.8
6.3
Bachelor's degree
9.2
12.2
15.6
Graduate or profession degree
4.9
7.2
8.9
Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ less than HS
diploma
39
26th of 51
Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ a college
degree
22
43rd of 51
Table 5.7:
Educational
Attainment
(AGS, 2004
est., 2005)
Map: Education, Any College Degree
5.9 Families (by type)
Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)
County
Hamilton Co.
Indiana
U.S.
36,645
864,296
40,102,709
84.1
70
69
3.9
6.9
6.8
11.4
21.8
23.2
Non-family Male Head (Percent)
0.5
1.1
0.8
Non-family Female Head (Percent)
0.1
0.2
0.2
86,222
54,393
54,087
Rank for Married Couple Family (%
of HHs w/ children)
1
26th of 51
Rank for Median Family Income
1
21st of 51
HHs w/ children (2004)
Married Couple Family (Percent)
Lone Parent Male (Percent)
Lone Parent Female (Percent)
Median Family Income
Table 5.9a: Types of Households with Children (AGS, 2004 est., 2005); Median Family Income (AGS, 2004
est., 2005)
Map: Median Family Income
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 estimates (2005)
GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3
6.0 – 6.5 Archival Risk Factors:
Overview
Community Risk Factors: Availability of Drugs
•
•
•
•
Alcohol Sales Outlets per Capita
Tobacco Sales Outlets per Capita
Tobacco Access to Minors – TRIP role
Proximity to schools of retailers that have
sold tobacco products to minors
• Methamphetamine Lab Seizures
Geocoding Failed TRIP Inspections
Sold tobacco to a minor
during a TRIP retail inspection
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Source: IN State Excise Police, TRIP
Source: GIS in Prevention,
County Profiles, Series 3
(Indiana Prevention Resource
Center, 2006)
Schools in Proximity to Failed TRIP Inspections
Allen County
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Source: IN State Excise Police, TRIP
Source: GIS in Prevention, Allen County Profile, Series 3
(Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)
Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections
Source: GIS in Prevention,
Clark County Profile, Series
3 (Indiana Prevention
Resource Center, 2006)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
Source: IN State Excise Police, TRIP
Clark County
Schools in Proximity Close-up
Middle School
Clark County
-- Clarksville
Outlet Selling
To Minor
Source: GIS in
Prevention, Clark
County Profile,
Series 3 (Indiana
Prevention
Resource Center,
2006)
Map: Meth Busts, Jan. 1- Oct. 15, 2005
(prism)
Source: IN State Police, 2005
Total lab busts to mid October, 846
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3
6.6 - 6.15 Archival Risk Factors
Community Risk Factors: Laws & Norms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HH Spending on Alcohol
HH Spending on Tobacco
Adult Tobacco Behavior
Tobacco Production
Intensity of Inspection (TRIP)
Gambling Locations
Adult Gambling Behaviors
Hoosier Lottery Statistics
• Crime Indices: Main
Categories
• Crime Indices: Specific Crimes
• FBI UCR – All Arrests
• FBI UCR – Juvenile Arrests
• Alcohol Related Crashes
• More Alcohol Related Crashes
Community Risk Factors: Transitions & Mobility
• Net Migration (Domestic and International)
6.6 Household Spending on Alcohol
Per Household Spending on Alcohol, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)
Hamilton
Indiana
U.S.
646
439
460
Consumer spending on alcoholic beverages
Spending on Alcohol for Consumption outside
the Home
279
188
197
Beer and ale away from home
92
62
65
Wine away from home
43
29
30
Whiskey away from home
72
48
50
Alcohol On Out-Of-Town Trips
72
49
52
Spending on Alcohol for Consumption in the
Home
Beer and ale at home
366
250
261
211
145
152
Wine at home
89
60
63
Whiskey and other liquor at home
66
45
46
Table 6.6: Per Household Spending on Alcohol (AGS, Consumer Spending, 2003, 2004)
Map: Spending on Beer/Ale for Home
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Spending,
2004 est., 2005
6.7 Household Spending on Tobacco
Per Household Spending on Tobacco, 2004, est. (AGS, 2005)
Morgan
Per Household Spending on Tobacco
Products
Indiana
U.S.
448
428
443
Cigarettes
405
388
400
Other Tobacco Products
43
41
44
254
245
257
Newspapers
113
109
114
Magazines
54
52
54
Books
87
84
88
547
523
552
Per Household Spending on Misc.
Reading
Personal insurance
Table 6.7: Per
Household
Spending on
Tobacco Products,
Miscellaneous
Reading and
Personal Insurance
(AGS, Consumer
Spending, 2004,
2005)
6.12a Crime Indices
Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR)
County
DeKalb
Indiana
U.S.
IN Rank in US
Total Crime Index
17
93
101
30th of 51
Personal Crime
Index
14
74
101
26th of 51
Property Crimes
17
110
102
27th of 51
Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings
DeKalb
IN Rank in US
Rank Total Crime Index
75
30th of 51
Rank Personal Crime
75
26th of 51
Rank Property Crimes
71
27th of 51
Table 6.12b:
Specific
Crimes,
Indices
(AGS Crime
Risk 2003,
2004)
Map: Property Crime Indices
Bottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes over IN & over US)
Above US (9), 101.55-194
Above IN (12), 95.55-194
Top Quarter (23), 64-194
Mid Range (46), 19-64
Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Crime Indices
2004 (2005)
GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3
6.16 - 6.14 Archival Risk Factors
Community Risk Factors: Extreme Economic & Social Deprivation
6.16 Unemployment
6.17 Free Lunch/Textbooks
6.18 Food Stamp Recipients
6.19 TANF
6.20 Adults w/o HS Diploma
6.21 Single Parent Family Households
Poverty: Introduction
6.22 Total Poverty and by Age
6.23 Families with Own Children in Poverty
6.24 Poverty by Race
6.25 Single Parent Families in Poverty
6.26 Lack of Health Insurance
Map: Education, Less Than HS
Diploma
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
6.18 Food Stamp Recipients
CSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the
rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and
Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids
Count in Indiana 2005. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The
following table shows the rate for 2004 for this county with comparisons for the state and nation.
Food Stamps, 2004 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2006)
Marion
Indiana
Population, 2004
864,200
6,230,346
Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2004
104,832
516,360
Rate per 1000 persons, 2004
121.3
82.9
Rate per 1000 persons, 2003
105.1
73.1
16.2
9.8
Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2003 to
2004
Rank for 2004 Rate per 1,000 Persons
3
Table 6.18: Food Stamp
Recipients per Month in 2004
(FSSA, Division of Family and
Children, 2005) and Rate per
1,000 Total Population for
2004 and 2005 and Change in
Rate (calculations from the
IPRC based on data from
FSSA, Division of Family and
Children, 2004 and 2005).
Map: Single Moms (prism)
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Core Demographics,
2004 est., 2005
Map: No Health Insurance
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance
2004 est., 2005
Equal
6.26 Lack of Health Insurance
Percent of Persons 18 and over with No Health Insurance, 2004, est. (AGS, 2005)
Current Year Population 18 years and
over
Have no medical insurance
Rank for No Health Insurance
Hamilton
Indiana
U.S.
161,581
4,649,101
220,577,940
58.2
59.7
61.5
80
31 of 51
Table 6.26: Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005)
Map: Health Insurance from Union or
Work
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
AGS, Consumer Behavior, Insurance
2004 est., 2005
6.26 Lack of Health Insurance
Health Insurance Source, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)
Marion
Indiana
U.S.
From a union
2.3
2
1.8
From a place of work
29
27.1
25.7
From fraternal member group
0.6
0.6
0.6
From a union or place of work
31.3
29
27.6
Medicaid
2.4
1.9
1.8
Medicare
6.1
5.9
5.7
Rank for Ins from Union or Place of
Work
4
16 of 51
Rank for Insurance from Medicaid
3
17 of 51
Rank for Medicare
52
22 of 51
Table 6.26: Insurance Coverage, 2004 (MRI, Consumer Behavior Insurance 2004, 2005)
Translation Tool – Babel Fish
http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr
Translation Tool – Free Dictionary
http://www.freedict.com/onldict/fre.html
Thank you so much!
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
2735 East 10th Street, CA110
Bloomington, IN 47408
Phone: (800) 346-3077
Fax: (812) 855-4940
E-mail: drugprc@indiana.edu
WWW: http://www.drugs.indiana.edu
The Indiana Prevention Resource Center is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially
supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC
is operated by the Indiana University Department of Applied Health Science and School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. It is affiliated with the Department's Institute of Drug
Abuse Prevention. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Indiana Family and Social Services
Administration. Indiana University accepts full responsibility for the content of this publication. © Copyright, 2005 by the Trustees of Indiana University.
Drug
Information
Systems:
Principles,
Structures and
Indicators
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2002_01_01_1_ru.pdf
Drugs and Crime
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2002_01_01_1_ru.pdf
World Report on Drugs – Facts and Projections
The world report on drugs 2000 tackles the "psychology of despair" which had
seized a whole generation and makes the point that the drug problem is neither
irremediable nor irreversible. It notes, however, that threats remain and that it is thus
necessary to show vigilance and to redouble efforts: the abuse of drugs continues to
harm the lives of too many people, in particular young people . . . criminal
organizations benefit from such a state of affairs, more so in the developed countries
than in the developing countries. According to estimates of the UNO, approximately
180 million people in the world (that is to say 4.2 % of people over 15 years of age)
consumed drugs at the end of the 1990s, in particular cannabis (144 million),
stimulants -- amphetamine (29 million), cocaine (14 million) and opiates (13,5 million,
including 9 million heroin addicts). (1) the drug problem has even larger
repercussions, which are associated at the same time with the spread of infectious
diseases, money laundering, corruption and the financing of rebel or terrorist
groups. However, the world report on drugs also shows that certain elements
encourage optimism. The most significant progress relates to two drugs (cocaine
and heroin), which pose the most problems on a world scale in terms of demand for
treatment services, cases of hospitalization and overdose, death, violence and the
implication of organized crime groups.
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2002_01_01_1_ru.pdf
Use of GIS to Analyze Illegal Drug Activity in Australia
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2003_01_01_1_fr.pdf
Use of GIS to Analyze Illegal Drug Activity in Australia
http://www.unodc.org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2003_01_01_1_fr.pdf
French OFDT Annual Report on Drugs and Drug Addiction
• Epidemiological
Facts
• Demand Reduction
• Political and
Legislative
Developments
• Current Trends
http://www.ofdt.fr/BDD/publications/docs/igrxmcm4.pdf
French OFDT Annual Report on Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2005
Surveillance System of the most commonly consumed drugs – regional atlas
– trends – demand – cannibis and cocaine
Problems – lack of funds, electronic tools
http://www.ofdt.fr/BDD/publications/docs/igrxmcm4.pdf
p. 3
European Drug Information
Systems/Organizations/Agencies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TOXIBASE
SINTES
CIRDD – drugs/dep
EWS – Early Warn Sys
RPIB
CSST - treatment
RECAP
SIMCCA - cannabis
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CCAA – alcool/alcohol
DGS – Ministry of Health
DHOS
*CAARUD – harm reduc
ASUD – self-help
l’ARF
MDM
AIDES
European Drug Information
Systems/Organizations/Agencies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Groupe Pompidou
MedSPAD
REITOX
France – Pays Bas
France – Pologne/Poland
OFDT-Venezuela
TAIEX – France-Chypre/Cyprus
OEDT – Europe – Drugs
EMCDDA – European Monitoring Center