DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES COURSE SYLLABUS CALCULUS-BASED PHYSICS FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES II (PHYS1X1) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is the second in a two-semester sequence of calculus-based, introductory physics with laboratory and life science applications. Prerequisites: Prerequisite: Calculus I (Math 260) differential and integral calculus will be used in this course. Prerequisite: HONORS PHYSICS 1 ( PHYS1X0) Prerequisite or co-requisite: Calculus II, (Math 261) Catalogue Description: PHYS 180-181 Calculus-Based Physics for the Life Sciences I & II A calculus–based Introduction to the general physical principles in mechanics, thermodynamics and fluids, waves and optics, electricity and magnetism, modern and nuclear physics, and their application to living systems. Laboratory and biologically relevant problem solving techniques are integrated. Prerequisite: Math 260 and co-requisite Math 261, or the equivalent; High school physics or the equivalent; PHYS180 is a prerequisite for PHYS181. 3 hrs. lect. 3 hrs. lab per semester. 4 crs. per semester. Relationship to programs: o Satisfies General Physics 2 requirement for Mercy’s Exercise Science Program o Satisfies General Physics 2 or equivalent prerequisite for admission to Mercy’s graduate Physical Therapy program and to physical therapy programs in other institutions o Satisfies General Physics 2 or equivalent prerequisite for admission to medical, veterinary, dental, osteopathic, chiropractic, and optometry school. COURSE GOALS This course seeks to enable life and health science students to use physics effectively in their chosen fields. The goals were guided by the recommendations made by the National Research Council in the Bio2010 report and the pre-med competency recommendation made by the American Association of Medical Colleges in the AAMC-HHMI Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians(2009) Scientific Inquiry Interdisciplinary Thinking Quantitative Reasoning Basic Physical Principles Synergy Communication 1 COURSE OBJECTIVES: Scientific Inquiry The student shall be able to: Demonstrate creative inquiry into the physical basis of natural phenomena Develop observational and interpretive skills through hands-on laboratory Use measurements of physical phenomena to elucidate and validate scientific discovery Use computer data acquisition and analysis for measurement of basic physical quantities Quantitative Reasoning The student shall be able to: Demonstrate facility with the kinds of functional relationships among physical quantities that are prevalent in the natural world, with the natural use of calculus Create and use mathematical models Create and interpret visual displays of data Basic Physical Principles The student shall be able to: Recognize basic physical principles in a variety of natural processes at different scales, from the molecular to the organismal. Apply foundational principles of change and interaction to the mechanisms of biological processes in living systems. Interdisciplinary Thinking and Synergy The student shall be able to: Make connections between biology and the physical sciences; interdisciplinary thinking becoming second nature Apply multiple physical principles to complex natural processes, as is typically manifest in living systems. Communication The student shall be able to: Be able to discuss physical phenomena using appropriate physics terminology Be able to articulate reasoning in discussion of physical processes in nature STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: Scientific Inquiry The student shall be able to: 1. Demonstrate creative inquiry into the physical basis of natural phenomena 2. Demonstrate observational and interpretive skills Hands-on activities in virtually every class Bodies-on activities using kinesthetic sense 3. Operate basic laboratory instrumentation for scientific measurement or field experiences. Computer-acquisition and analysis of data using: temperature sensors, sound sensors, voltage and current sensors, magnetic field sensors, light sensors, UV sensors, infrared sensors, Geiger counter sensor Video analysis of visibly dynamic phenomena 2 4. Articulate reasoning to explain or question data. 5. Raise scientific questions and hypotheses, design experiments, acquire data, perform data analysis, and present results. Guided inquiry during class Student projects 6. Search effectively, evaluate critically, and communicate and analyze the scientific literature. Literature search and review as part of student project Quantitative Reasoning The student shall be able to: 1. Express and analyze natural phenomena in quantitative terms that include an understanding of the natural prevalence of basic functional relationships Proportional and Linear relationships Quadratic relationships Inverse and inverse square relationships Logarithmic/exponential relationships Periodic relationships 2. Use of units of measurable quantities; dimensional analysis and unit conversion 3. Identify functional relationships from visually represented data Interpret physical meaning of graphical representations of data o Slope/Derivatives o Area under curve/Integration o Y-intercept/Limits of Integration o Interpret frequency spectrums Describe graphical functional relationships in mathematical form Draw and interpret visual display of: Vectors Vector fields o Electric fields o Magnetic fields 4. Model functional relationships Be able to mathematically model pertinent aspects of a natural phenomenon in terms of functional relationships of measurable quantities Make inferences about natural phenomena using mathematical models Be able to articulate in words what relationships a mathematical model is expressing Be able to discuss limitations of models, the simplifications and approximations made, and the temporal and spatial scale in which it is relevant. 5. Quantify and interpret changes in dynamical systems Exponential functions Damping Capacitance circuits Radioactive decay Attenuation Oscillations Simple harmonic motion 3 Resonance Waves Electrical systems Electromagnetic Induction Basic physical principles The student shall be able to: 1. Apply knowledge of the principles of electricity and magnetism to biological systems Electrical forces, fields and potential: o Endogenous: cell membrane, action potentials, epithelial, intracellular o Electrocytes and electric field detection by fish o Electrostatic basis of chemical structure and function o Diagnostic – ECG, EMG, EEG o Therapeutic – Wound healing, electroporation, iontosphoresis, defribillation Electric current and circuits Nerve conduction Resistivity/Impedance of bodily tissues, GRS, body fat composition Electrical Safety: household and therapeutic Magnetism and Electromagnetic induction o Diagnostic and therapeutic techniques using magnetism: MRI, bone repair o Endogenous magnetic fields of living systems o Magnetic sensing by animals o Electrical power generation Electromagnetic waves o Natural and manmade sources and receivers at all scales of the spectrum 2. Apply knowledge of wave generation and propagation to living systems Matter Waves o Sound, Hearing, and Speech o Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound Electromagnetic Waves o Bodily effects at all scales in the electromagnetic spectrum o Diagnostic, therapeutic, and research uses at all scales in the spectrum o In everyday human use Geometric optics o Image formation in the eye and in microscopes o Fiber optics in medical scopes Wave optics o Image resolution in the eye and in microscopes o X-ray diffraction for biomolecular structure determination 3. Apply knowledge of principles of quantum mechanics and nuclear physics to biological systems. Waveparticle duality as a basis for atomic and molecular energy levels and orbitals in biochemical structure and function, Quantum basis of biomedical investigative tool: spectroscopy, lasers, MRI 4 Atomic/molecular energy levels and the origin of light and ionizing radiation Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules of living systems. Radioactivity: isotopes as biological tracers Biological effects of nuclear radiation Nuclear fission and fusion for educated citizenship Synergy of principles in complex living systems (Selected Examples) The student shall be able to: 1. Apply principles of electrostatics, quantum mechanics, and thermodynamics to biochemical processes. Examples: Ionic and covalent bonding, Van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity driving molecular association. Structure of biological macromolecules and the effect of structure on properties. Biosynthesis: DNA, RNA transcription, self assembly, protein folding Energy storage in fatty acids and ATP and the transduction to functional activity Spontaneity of biochemical processes 2. Apply physical principles to the function of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Examples: Cellular function: Energy conversion and metabolism Membrane structure and function o Cell transport and storage o Molecular motors, muscle contraction and cell motility o Cell cycles and cell death Functional properties of tissues and organs. Nervous System 3. Apply physical principles to the mechanisms by which organisms sense and control their internal environment, and sense and respond to their external environment. Examples Energy in bodily processes Homeostasis, feedback Reception and transduction of receptor signals Eyes and Vision Ears and Hearing Signaling: inter-and intracellular communication 4. Apply physical principles to the possible mechanisms of occupational and physical therapy modalities o Electrical Stimulation – biofeedback, repatterning, muscular strengthening, tissue repair, pain management, wound healing o Therapeutic ultrasound o Laser light therapy o Transdermal drug delivery (ionphoresis and phonophoresis) o Vibration/Rhythm (rocking, swinging, vibration plate) 5. Apply physics principles to medical treatment and diagnostic tools Examples: Imaging (ultrasound, X-rays, Cat scan, MRI, infrared, radioactive tracers, PET) Surgical or tumor destruction (cauterization, laser, gamma knife, electroporation) 5 Nuclear medicine Function replacement (heart, limb, joint) Electrical (ECG, EMG, EEG, GRS, nerve conduction) 6. Apply physics principles to biomedical and biophysics research techniques Examples: Electrophoresis, chromatography, DNA analysis Voltage dyes, ion patch clamp Fluorescence microscopy Fluorescence microscopy Atomic force microscopy Optical tweezers Spectroscopy 7. Apply physics principles to health field specializations Dental Examples: o Decay detection o Ultrasonic cleaning Veterinary Examples: o Distinctive animal communication o Distinctive sensing; prey detection, magnetic sensing 8. Apply physics principles to living on the earth, in the modern world Examples: Earthquakes Electromagnetic effects: Lightning, magnetic storms, man-made electromagnetic fields, polar auroras, earth’s magnetic and electric fields Electrical appliances and computer devices Communication 9. Apply physics principles to critically evaluate possible mechanisms for alternative and complementary wellness approaches Acupuncture Bodywork (massage, cranial sacral, chiropractic, reflexology, structural integration, applied kinesiology, Reiki, therapeupic touch, dance) Somatic techniques (yoga, qiqong, tai chi, Gyrotonic, Alexander, Feldenkrais, Pilates) Mind/Body (visualization, prayer, hypnosis, meditation, humor/laughter, placebo effect) Sound (music therapy, bi-aural entrainment, chanting) Electromagnetic ( magnets, bio-field imaging, electrodermal testing, bioresonance, earth grounding) Light (full spectrum, laser, color) Accredited alternative health disciplines (naturopathy, osteopathy, oriental medicine) Others (homeopathy, iridology, aromatherapy, crystal healing, flower essences) 6 METHODS USED TO ASSESS STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Suggested: Exams/Quizzes: (10%-60%) Projects: (10%-40%) Homework: (10%-25% ) Class/Lab Activities: (20%-25%) COURSE ACTIVITIES Individual Practice Homework Questions Examples: o Online Homework Management System - MasteringPhysics o Approximately 10 conceptual questions per week, or the equivalent o Approximately 10 problems requiring quantitative analysis per week, or the equivalent Project Example o A self-directed, self-chosen, semester-long project integrating many concepts, submitted online at interim points. Online Activities Examples: o MasteringPhysics –Homework and Tutorials o Viewing and discussion of each other’s projects o Interactive Simulations/Animations (1-5 each week) o Informative Websites Required Classroom Participation This course is taught in a “workshop” style where a learner-centered classroom is integrated with laboratory activities. Every class will include lab, computer, and collaborative learning activities. Lab Activities o In class hands-on exploration and inquiry o In class data acquisition, taken and discussed collaboratively o Quantitative analysis of data in or out of class Computer Activities o Interactive Simulations/Animations o Computerized data acquisition and analysis o Video-analysis Collaborative Learning o Whiteboard display of group work o Group inquiry and prediction o Group data acquisition and analysis o Group problem solving COURSE COMPETENCIES: At Mercy College, we want to ensure that the student will be able to effectively compete for jobs and careers in an increasingly complex world. Therefore, the College has focused on six foundational skills that we feel will help students achieve greater 7 success in college as well as in their career. The student will be expected to meet minimum levels of achievement for graduation in these six competencies: Primary Critical Thinking: Students’ critical thinking skills are necessary for successful completion of this course. They will have to apply foundational ideas to a variety of natural phenomena, including in their self-directed projects. They will have to analyze data qualitatively and undertake a process of inquiry encouraged by the active classroom activities. Quantitative Reasoning: Quantitative reasoning is required for successful completion of this course. Students are required to use mathematical models of functional relationships of measurable quantities, to analyze data quantitatively, and be able to interpret visual displays of quantitative data. Secondary Critical Reading: Students’ critical reading skills will be measured by their ability to critically review and evaluate online resources of information and other students’ written work. Information Literacy: Students will research physics topics of their own choosing. Tertiary Written Communication: Students’ writing skills will be measured by their ability to articulate their understanding in writing on exams, in project presentations, and/or in online discussions. Oral Communication: Students’ oral communication skills will be measured by the quality of their engagement in class discussion and collaborative group work, especially during lab activities. Students will be expected to orally articulate their reasoning for their predictions and interpretations of data. REQUIRED TEXT: Physics for the Life Sciences, Timothy McKay, San Francisco, Pearson Addison Wesley, to be published by Fall 2013 Required: Calculator (scientific- trigonometric functions, exponentials, logs, etc.) COURSE POLICIES 1. Attendance Policy – It is assumed that a student will attend all classes for which he/she is registered. Ceasing to attend classes for three consecutive class meetings without contacting the instructor will result in the issuance of a grade of “FW” which indicates “stopped attending.” This grade of “FW” will be calculated into the student’s GPA as an “F” and may result in dismissal. In addition this status will be reported to The Office of Student Services and may result in a reduction of financial aid monies. Because this course is participatory in nature and has integrated lab and group activities, attendance is necessary to do well in the course. Expect lack of attendance or frequent lateness to be reflected in the course grade. 2. Cheating and Plagiarism – Cheating and plagiarism are contrary to the purpose of any educational institution and must be dealt with most severely if students’ work is to have any validity. An instructor who determines that a student has cheated on a test or assignment will at a minimum give a zero for that item and may give a failure for the course. Normally the matter is handled between the instructor and the student, but either party to ensure fairness 8 may consult the department chairperson. Suspicion of cheating on exams (e.g. as when two students sitting next to each other have unnaturally similar answers) will result in another exam taken in place of the original by all parties involved. Plagiarism, which is the appropriation of words or ideas of another without recognition of the source, is another form of cheating. An instructor who determines that a student has plagiarized will give a zero for the homework or project and may give a failure for the course. Both cheating and plagiarism are grounds for dismissal from the College. Any action taken regarding cheating or plagiarism is subject to the Academic Grievance Policy outlined above and in the Student Handbook. 3. Cell Phone Use – Cell phones should be turned off prior to the start of class. Students who do not abide by this policy may be asked to leave for the day and will receive an unexcused absence. Resources Science Learning Center - in Dobbs Ferry Learning Center Free Physics Tutoring - Hours to be announced For Tutoring needs, email: tutoring@mercy.edu Websites: Major Educational Interactive Animations activity collections PhET http://phet.colorado.edu/index.php ActivPhysics h ttp://wps.aw.com/aw_young_physics_11/13/3510/898588.cw/nav_and_content/index.html BU Duffy http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester1/ Molecular Workbench http://workbench.concord.org/database/browse/everything-list/ Physics Tutorial Collections Physics Classroom Multimedia Physics Studio http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/index.cfm Hyperphysics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.html KhanAcademy http://www.khanacademy.org BIBLIOGRAPHY Keston & Tauck, (2012) University Physics for the Physical and Life Sciences, Freeman Knight, Randall (2012). Physics for Scientists and Engineers 3nd edition, Addison-Wesley Newman, Jay (2008) Physics of the Life Sciences Springer Tuszynski ( 2001). Biomedical Applications of Physics, Wiley Hewitt, Paul (2010). Conceptual Physics, 11th edition, Addison-Wesley Cameron, Skofronick, Grant (1999). Physics of the Body, Medical Physics Publishing Urone, Peter (2001). College Physics, 2nd Edition, Brooks Cole 9 Urone, Peter (1986). Physics with Health Science Applications, Wiley Hobbie, R. (1997). Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biolog,y 3rd edition, Springer Wisneski, L. (2009). The Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine, CRC Press George B. Benedek and Felix M.H. Villars (2000) Physics with Illustrative Examples from Medicine and Biology, volumes 1, 2, and 3, AIP Press Morton M. Sternheim, Joseph W. Kane (1991) General Physics, 2nd Edition, J. Wiley & Sons 10 11