GIS and SurveyA Conversation Between a
Surveyor and a GIS Manager
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Instructors/Developers
• Peter Borbas—The Surveyor
– Peter Borbas <Peter.Borbas@Borbas.com>
• F. Peirce Eichelberger—The GIS Manager
– peirceeichelberger1@mac.com
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Contributors/Reviewers
• Bruce Joffee
• Ed Dempsey
• Tom Tibbits
• Brian Naberezny
• Kim McDonough
• Keri Brennan
• Acknolowdgement--Dr. Joshua Greenfeld, Past
President GLIS
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Who we are
GLIS
Geographic and Land Information Society
URISA
Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
S-SIG
Surveying Special Interest Group
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F. Peirce Eichelberger Bio
• University of Florida (Geography), survey field crew summers
• City of Miami, FL Planning Dept after grad school University of Cincinnati
(Geography)
• Executive Consultant HDR Systems in Omaha, NE—Arlington, TX;
Arlington County, VA; Alexandria, VA; Orlando/Orange County, FL
• URISA member 39 years, Past President, Board twice, fifteen workshops,
GIS/CAMA, addressing conferences, Horwood award in 2008. PRIA
Industry Co-chair GIS/LR integration initiative.
• Good fortune to implement two large, multi-participant, enterprise GIS
programs—Orlando/Orange County, FL and Chester County, PA
• gDBMS Executive Consultant, ORACLE, UNISYS, EMA, AMCAD, ILS
• Industry Co-chair PRIA Land Records/GIS Integration initiative
• peirceeichelberger1@mac.com
• www.gdbmsinc.com
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Peter Borbas Bio
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Peter Borbas is a licensed professional surveyor and planner
Past president of the Geographic and Land Information Society
Past Chairman of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
Chair of the New Jersey Society of Professional Land Surveyors
GIS/LIS Committee and served on the steering committee that created
the New Jersey Geospatial Forum
Mr. Borbas serves on the advisory committees for the surveying degree
programs at Paul Smiths College and the New Jersey Institute of
Technology
J. Peter Borbas, PLS, PPBorbas Surveying and Mapping, LLC
Peter.Borbas@Borbas.com
www.Borbas.com
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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*/**Guide to the Slides
• Underlined/Bolded Sections—major section
headings about 30+
• * Sections of particular interest to surveyors
• **Sections especially for GIS interests
• Keys (particularly important idea)
• New one-day workshop
• Feedback needed, thank you……
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Workshop Outline
8:30-10:00
Needed Standards
What Really is GIS?
GIS for Surveyors 101—Breadth of GIS for surveyors
Surveyors Role in GIS—Think Again
CADD and GIS
10:00-10:30AM Break
10:30-12:00 Noon
Why GIS needs surveyors
Survey basics for GIS
Office research, historic records—similarities
Abutting records, abutting properties
Role of the GIS base map
All layers not created equal
GIS base map/lines on a map/where the data comes from?
Geodetic control—Datums of many kinds
12:00-1:00 Lunch Break
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Outline (Continued)
1:00 – 2:30 PM
Imagery’s role
Keys and other IT “things”
As-builts
Why we need surveyors
GNSS/GPS/cCORS
The Coming NJ/PA Land Record Initiative
Developers/engineers/title community
Land records integration
2:30-3:00 PM Break
3:00-5:00 PM
Monuments—what they represent
PLSS/13 colonies, control so important
Subparcels
Model Law/Certifications/Responsibilities
Next Steps
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*/**Introduction and Audience
(P.O.B)(P.O.C.)
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Need for a new workshop
Outreach to GLIS and surveyors
We wanted a conversation
Multidisciplinary approach needed
Getting smarter about initiatives
Audience—surveyors and GIS interests together
Start an ongoing dialogue
Literally a decade in the making
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Learning Objectives--GIS
• Better understand some of the possible survey
inputs into GIS
• Develop an appreciation for how horizontal
and vertical control supports GIS
• More background with datums and their
importance to GIS, especially time slices
• Have a better grasp of legal descriptions and
where they impact GIS
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Learning Objectives--Survey
• Broadened perspective to What is GIS?
• Better understanding of surveyor’s role and
their inputs—enterprise GIS
• Broader role with legal descriptions, many GIS
layers and themes
• As-builts, x-y-z—surveyor’s role
• Monuments, SPC’s in legals
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*/**The Need for Standards
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For data sharing
Added value
Known expectations help to achieve goals
Reduced liability
Cost savings
Reliability and Trust
Standards over time
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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STANDARDS
Standards are great, everyone
should have some!
and there are so many to choose
from!
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
GIS and Survey
What are your
expectations for lawn watering?
• Garden Hose-purchased in West Orange, NJ
We take standards for granted
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Sprinkler-moved to Dallas, Texas
• Faucet-son took it all to San Diego, California
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Some Types of Standards
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Hardcopy Mapping
Education
Hardware
Software
Ethical
Licensure
Procedural
Metadata
Positional
Data Standards
Datums
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
IAAO, State standards
BOK
ISO/ANSI
ANSI
GISP
FGDC
NOAA
URISA
NOAA, FIPS
GIS and Survey
Where are we now?
Where are we going?
• Digital Spatial Analysis
• Data Sharing
• Unknown global users using data for
unintended purposes
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Sample Address Data Standard for GIS
See more FGDC Address Standard
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©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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British Columbia Horizontal Interpretative
Accuracy Classification (GPS)
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BC Horizontal Interpretative Accuracy
Classification (GPS)
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*/**What Really is GIS?
• Only real map is what is on the surface of the
earth
• Everything else is a “model” of the reality
• “Models” all have different levels of
precision/accuracy and detail
• Map is a framework for displaying many things
• Generalization
• Sources of information
• Enterprise GIS
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Kinds of Maps
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Dot maps—1 dot = 100 people
Choropleth maps—shaded area maps
Isoline maps—travel times, topographic
Distribution maps—vector, gradient maps
Statistical symbol maps—pie charts/histograms
Flow maps—transportation data
Court/trial exhibits
Symbol maps
Topographic/bathymetric maps—equal elevations,
equal water depths
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Isoline Map Current First Due Fire
Engine Travel Times
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Choropleth Map Population Density
Atlas of
Miami
Population
Housing
Land Use
City
Services
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Dot Maps
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What’s so Neat About GIS?
• A framework, an architecture, enterprise
perspective, G/IS
• The importance of addresses--situs (location)
addresses ≠ postal (mailing) addresses!!!!
• Human/cultural data with natural feature data
• Vectors/pixels united!
• GPS, mobile devices, Internet
• A problem well defined is a problem half solved
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Data, Information, Knowledge, Real Expertise
• Data—smallest human readable fact
• Information—data meaningfully arranged
• Knowledge—do something with the information, causes
someone to act (Dashboards)
• Expertise—do the optimum/best thing with the
data/information/knowledge
• Wisdom—which problem to solve first?
• GIS the most powerful kind of business graphic!
• If a picture is worth a 1,000 words then a map is worth 10,000+
words or pictures
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Discussion Questions
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*GIS for Surveyors—GIS 101
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PIN’s, AIN’s (Unique or not? Over time?)
Tax map ids
GPINs, centroids (different kinds)
UPI Uniform/Universal Property/Parcel Identifier
X-Y-Z coordinates (State Plane Coordinates)
– Flat map
Latitude/Longitude
– Round globe
Subdivision Names
Property Owner(s)’ Name(s) (who gets the tax bill?)
Situs (Location) Address Vs. Mailing Address
Place names and landmarks
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Enterprise GIS
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Challenge to tie things together
Common data standards (enforced)
Shared data and systems
Geodetic control layers
Well trained staff
Many economies of scale
Virtual organizational models
Centrifugal forces
Surprising benefits
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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County/City Surveyors
Orange
County, FL
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More Common Denominators—Not All are
Geographic!
• Instrument numbers
• Deed Book and Page
• Grantor/Grantee names (Unique names) Miami
– Jose Gonzales
• Legal descriptions (Coordinates attached?)
• Monuments
• SSN (Redaction time)
• Over time
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Land Recordation and Legal Descriptions
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Enhanced role of the Surveyor
Other GIS layers and themes
Precision and overlay issues
Whose checking anyway?
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Maps and Legal Descriptions
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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GIS Major Consumer of Land
Records
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POC—Point of
Commencement “M”
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
GIS and Survey
Note the grid value of the coordinate and the time stamping in
this description
BEGINNING at a point in the northwesterly sideline of Ridgedale Avenue, being 33 feet
northwesterly of the record centerline, where same is intersected by the dividing line between
Lot 5.02 as shown on the aforementioned map and Lot 1 Block 2701, said point being
marked with a concrete monument found having New Jersey State Plane Grid
Coordinates NAD83 of North 705,855.39 East: 518,459.07 (US Survey Feet) as measured
in 2008; and runs thence
Along said northwesterly sideline of Ridgedale Avenue, South 43 degrees 47 minutes 34 seconds
West (map bearing South 43 degrees 41 minutes 10 seconds West) 214.08 feet to a point in
same; thence
Leaving said sideline, along the dividing line between Lot 1.01 Block 601 (formerly Lot 5.02
Block 1401 Borough of Florham Park) and Lot 1 Block 1503, North 46 degrees 12 minutes
28 seconds West (map bearing North 46 degrees 18 minutes 52 seconds West) 523.65 feet to
an angle point in same, marked with a capped iron set, passing over the center of a concrete
monument found 0.07 feet from the beginning of this course; thence
Continuing along said dividing line, North 80 degrees 33 minutes 06 seconds West (map bearing
North 80 degrees 39 minutes 30 seconds West) 1,544.43 feet to a point in the easterly line of
Burnet Road, variable width right of way, said point being marked with a concrete
monument found having New Jersey State Plane Grid Coordinates NAD83 of North:
706,316.73 East: 516,409.66 (US Survey Feet); thence
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Interpretation of Descriptions
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In retracing deeds the surveyor often finds that items may
have been omitted or it may contain conflicting calls.
4 General Rules in Interpretation:
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Best interpretation is that which most plainly and completely gives
effect to the intentions of the parties to the deed, as revealed by all
the evidence available.
2. In regards to conflicts between calls the order of precedence is:
a) Senior rights
b) A natural corner or boundary will stand against artificial.
c) Artificial corner or boundary that is identifiable, will control
over calls of direction, distance, or area.
d) When a conflict between dimensions and area, the dimensions
will govern as long as they are consistent with evidence as to
monuments.
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GIS Parcels from Legal Descriptions
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NPDES Mapping with GPS
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Other Critical Things About
(Enterprise) GIS
• DBMS design/architecture
– More important than ever
• Application design and system implementation
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Internet applications, now mobilized!
Citizen focus
Code enforcement
Finance/taxation
• Data Standards
– Addresses, many kinds
– Non-geographic keys—human names
– Contact information
• Computer science fundamentals
– Cloud opportunities
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Working with GIS, Yes, They have
their own vocabulary!
• GIS as a Profession--GISP
• GIS “tool” users--Planners, Health, Emergency
Services, Water, Utility interests
• Multidisciplinary, wear many hats
• Big field, need competent partners
• A collision discipline
• Public/private opportunities
• IT issues and changes--challenges
• Training and biases
• Different perspectives—levels of government
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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*/**Surveyors role in GIS.
Maybe not what you expected?
• Geodetic control layers
– Base layers needed
• Legal descriptions
• New subdivisions
– Plats
• Other layers that need accuracy and control
• Imagery
– Planimetric and oblique
• Natural Features
– topography, floodplains, wet lands
• Utilities, RR, transportation infrastructure, as builts
• Right-of-ways--FL versus the North East
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Do I Participate in GIS?
• Geography
• Information
• and Systems
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No one “Does” GIS
We Participate in a
Geographic Information System
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Resources for Surveyors
At Your Fingertips!
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Trained Personnel
Who are they?
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The Language of Geographic
Information Systems is
“Interoperability”
The means to easily be able to
use and share data
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Why?
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Interoperability
happens through
willingness
and
standardization
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
GIS and Survey
**What is the difference between CADD
and GIS—Right around 1”= 80’
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CADD interchange (interoperability) with GIS
Metadata—digital and on the ground
Datums, project datums
Magnetic declination
True north vs. magnetic north
Monuments
Topology
Attribute data in the rDBMS
As-builts
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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**Survey for GIS—A “Survey”
Course
“Things that Surveyors Do”
Control surveys
Topographic surveys
Boundary/land surveys—legal descriptions
Construction surveys
Route surveying
Specialized surveys—mining, hydrographic
Photogrammetric surveys
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Survey Methods/Tools
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Leveling
Distance measurement
Traversing
Area calculations
GPS
Adjustments by least squares
State Plane Coordinates
Projections/Grids
CADD and GIS
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Survey Basics and Appreciation for
GIS Folks
Retracing the steps of the previous surveyors
Chains and Philadelphia rods—then
GPS/CORS—now
Surveyors relying on the work of
others
• GIS raw products for maintenance
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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Gunter’s Chain
Source: W. Norman Thomas. Surveying. London: Edward
Arnold, 1920.
1 Chain=1/10 Furlong=4 Perches=22 yards=66 feet=20.1168 meters
1 vara=33inches in Mexico and CA, 33.3 inches in TX
1 hectare=2.471 acres
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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*/**Office Research/Historic
Records—Why GIS and Surveying
have so Much in Common
• Reviewing abutting legal descriptions
• Reviewing (reconciling) earlier documents
• Field work, finding monuments and evidence
©2013 Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
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