Asset Management: A Key Tool for
Enhancing the Sustainability of our
Transportation Infrastructure
Gerardo W. Flintsch
Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Director, Center for Sustainable Transportation
Infrastructure
Outline
1.
Introduction



3.
Asset management
Performance
management
State of Good Repair
Examples


2.
Decision Making


Multiple criteria
decision-making
Multi-objective
optimization

4.
Adding environmental
considerations to the
pavement
management process
Cross-asset
management
More sustainable
rehabilitation
Conclusions
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
1. Introduction
Ed Stein
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Why do we need to “manage” our
Highway Infrastructure?
o
To preserve our infrastructure value
 Key
component of the asset
management
o
To develop “optimum” preservation
and renewal programs
 Better
o
Use of Available Resources
To provide a level of service that the
user considers appropriate
 State
of Good Repair
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Each category was evaluated on the basis of capacity, condition, funding,
future need, operation and maintenance, public safety and resilience.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Transportation Performance Management
What Is Asset Management?
Asset management is a strategic and systematic process of
operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets,
with a focus on engineering and economic analysis based
upon quality information…. (23 U.S.C. 101(a)(2), MAP-21 § 1103)
NHS Plan
• Inventory, condition, risk,
financial plan, investment
strategies
• Leads to a program of
projects
• Process certified every 4
years
, to identify a structured sequence
of maintenance, preservation,
repair, rehabilitation, and
replacement actions that will
achieve and sustain a desired
state of good repair over the
lifecycle of the assets at minimum
practicable cost.
Performance Management Implementation Overview
Source: P. Stephanos,
Pavement Evaluation 2014
The Asset Management Business Process
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Goals & Policies
System Performance
Economic / Social &
Environmental
Budget
Allocations
PRODUCTS
DATABASE
INVENTORY
CONDITION
USAGE
NETWORK-LEVEL ANALYSIS
CONDITION
ASSESSMENT
PRIORITIZATION
/ OPTIMIZATION
MAINTENANCE
STRATEGIES
Economic, Social
and Environmental
Impacts
PERFORMANCE
PREDICTION
NETWORK-LEVEL
REPORTS
Performance
Assessment
Network Needs
Facility Life-cycle Cost
Optimized M&R
Program
Performance-based
Budget
PROGRAMMING
FEEDBACK
NEEDS
ANALYSIS
(PROJECT
SELECTION)
GRAPHICAL
DISPLAYS
PERFORMANCE
MONITORING
PROJECT
LEVEL
ANALYSIS (Design)
WORK PROGRAM
EXECUTION
CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTS
Transportation Performance Management
The MAP-21 Charge (23 USC 150(a) - Declaration of Policy)
Performance Management
Will:
• transform the Federal program
• provide a means to the most efficient investment of
funds
By:
• refocusing on national transportation goals,
• increasing accountability & transparency, and
• improving project decision making
Performance Management Implementation Overview
Source: P. Stephanos,
Pavement Evaluation 2014
Condition of
Principal
Highways
Interstate Pavement
Smoothness (IRI) by State
Highway Fatality Rates: 1980-2009
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter7.cfm
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Performance Measures as
Communication Tools
Source: NCHRP 551
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
State of Good Repair
Working definition:
 A state that results from application
of transportation asset management
concepts in which an agency
maintains its physical assets
according to a policy that minimizes
asset life cycle costs while avoiding
negative impacts to service
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
State of Good Repair
o
o
Easy to assess in its absence
Common themes:
 Achieving
/ meeting a certain level of
service (performance)
 Performing maintenance, repair,
rehabilitation and renewal according to
a considered agency policy
 Reducing or eliminating a backlog of
unmet capital needs
→
Asset Management
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
2. Decision Making
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Traditional Goals Used for Managing
our Transportation Assets
o
o
o
Minimize Costs (both agency and user)
Maximize Benefits (e.g., better pavement
performance, etc.)
But, what if we want to consider all the
performance measures?
 Environmental Impacts?
 Safety (social)?
 etc…
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
U.S. Map -21 National Goals
Focus the Federal-aid program
on the following national goals:
1.
Safety
2.
Infrastructure condition
3.
Congestion reduction
4.
System reliability
5.
Freight movement and economic vitality
6.
Environmental sustainability
7.
Reduced project delivery delays
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/presentations/
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Triple
Bottom
Line
Economic
Development
• Meet financial and
economic needs of
current and future
generations
Sustainable
Social Equity
• Improve the quality
of life for all people
• Promote equity
between societies,
groups, and
generations
Environmental
Stewardship
• Clean environment
for current and future
generations
• Use resources
sparingly.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Performance Measures Stipulated
in MAP 21 (§150(c))
PROGRAM
National
Highway
Performance
Program
Highway Safety
Improvement
Program
CMAQ Program
Freight Policy
MEASURE CATEGORY
Pavement Condition on the Interstates
Pavement Condition on Non-Int. NHS
Bridge Condition on NHS
Performance of Interstate System
Performance of Non-Interstate NHS
Serious Injuries per VMT
Fatalities per VMT
Number of Serious Injuries
Number of Fatalities
Traffic Congestion
On-road Mobile Source Emissions
Freight Movement on the Interstate
CenterManagement
for Sustainable
Transportation
Infrastructure
Source: T. Van, 11th Infrastruture
Research
and Education Workshop,
Jan 2013
Multiple Criteria Decision-Making
(MCDM)
o
Multi-objective decision-making
(MODM)
 Considering
multiple, often conflicting
objectives
o
Multi-attribute decision-making
(MADM)
 Based
on classic decision
analysis/ utility theory
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Optimization
o
o
Decision-support tool
Selects best combination of:
 Sections/facilities
(where)
 Treatment categories (what)
 Application time (when)
o
o
Uses operations research techniques
Must be based on a realistic
decision-making process.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Multi-Objective Optimization
o
o
o
Sustainable transportation systems requires
decisions in a context of
 Economic development
High-level
 Ecological sustainability
Performance
 Social desirability
Indicators
All resource allocation involve some kind of tradeoff
Multi-objective optimization finds a set of
decision variables (Pareto set of solutions)
 Satisfies constraints
 “Balances” various objective functions
(performance criteria)
The Incremental Benefit Cost (IBC) is a Form of
Multi-objective/ Multi-criteria Analysis

Strategy 6
Benefits
Efficiency Frontier
 Strategy 3
 Strategy 2
 Strategy 1
5
IBC=Strategy
D Benefits
D Costs

Do-nothing
 Strategy 4
Cost
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
3. Examples
Economic
Development
• Meet financial and
economic needs of
current and future
generations
Social Equity
• Improve the quality
of life for all people
• Promote equity
between societies,
groups, and
generations
Environmental
Stewardship
• Clean environment
for current and future
generations
• Use resources
sparingly.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 1 - Adding a 3rd Objective:
Minimizing the Life Cycle environmental Impact
o
Objectives:


Assess the environmental impacts
of road-related practices, strategies,
and materials
Implement a procedure to include these ecoefficiency values into a more comprehensive
decision support system
Costs
Evaluation of
alternatives/
strategies
Performance
MultiAttribute
optimization
Optimal
Strategy
Environment
Giustozzi, Crispino, & Flintsch, “Multi-Attribute
Cycle Assessment
of Preventive Maintenance
Treatments on Road
Center forLifeSustainable
Transportation
Infrastructure
Pavements for Achieving Environmental Sustainability,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2012.
Sustainability
Triple
Bottom
Line
Costs
Economic
Development
• Meet financial and
economic needs of
current and future
generations
Performance
Social Equity
• Improve the quality
of life for all people
• Promote equity
between societies,
groups, and
generations
Environmental
Impacts
Environmental
Stewardship
• Clean environment
for current and future
generations
• Use resources
sparingly.
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
PMS 3rd Objective: Life Cycle Assessment
(simplified to consider GHG only)
1
• Materials
2
• Transportation
3
• Construction, Maintenance
4
• Equipment
5
• Usage Phase
6
• Recycling, Disposal, Landfill
Carbon
Footprinting
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 1: Multi-Objective
Evaluation of Alternatives
kg of
CO2eq/lane*km
Life Cycle Assessment
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
2000
0
0
1
2
3,9
4
5
6
7
8,9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1…
19
20
21
2…
23
24
25
26
2…
Environment
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
3…
38
39
40
4000
TIME [years]
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 2 - Cross-Asset
Management
Hypothesis (linking condition to performance)
Poor Condition
Consequences
System
Performance
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 2: System-level Performance
I-81 Corridor Analysis
o
o
Rating of individual
component asset
performance
Aggregation
 Corridor
level
 System
level
Verhoeven
& Flintsch,
Framework
for Developing a Corridor-Level
Infrastructure
Center
for“Generalized
Sustainable
Transportation
Infrastructure
Health Index,” Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012, TRR 2235.
Pilot Application on I-81
o

o
MP 250-300
Pavement data from PMS
IRI, Rutting, Cracking
MP 50-100
Bridge data from NBI

Element level inspections
Quality
Measures
Pavements:
•Cracking
•IRI
•Rutting
•FWD Data
•Etc.
Bridges:
•Primary
Members
•Abutments
•Bridge Deck
•Etc.
Performance
Indicators
Performance
Indicators
•PI_IRI
•PI_Rut
•PI_Cr
Health
Indicators
Structural
Asset Health
Ratings
Functional
Pavement Health
Rating
Environmental
Safety
Performance
Indicators
•PI_Girder
•PI_Abut
•PI_Deck
Corridor
Health Rating
Structural
Functional
Environmental
Bridge Health
Rating
Safety
Section
PHR
BHR
Final CHR
MP 50-110
7.98
8.36
8.06
MP 250-300 Center7.91
8.69
8.07
for Sustainable Transportation
Infrastructure
Pilot Application (Simplified Example)
 Scenario
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
8.8
8.6
Functional
Indicator
8.4
Indicator
selected
 Treatment
applied based
on budget
 Performance
averaged over
5 year analysis
period
Bridge Budget Share
8.2
8
Overall
Indicator
7.8
7.6
Structural
Indicator
7.4
7.2
7
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Pavement Budget Share

Optimal allocation
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Impact on Network Performance Conceptual Framework
Road
Conditions
Travel Time
Capacity
Reduction
Traveler
Detour
Failure or
collapse
Network
Efficiency
Reduction
Roadway Network Performance
& Vulnerability
𝑉𝐸𝑓𝑓
Travel
Distance
Fuel
Consumption
𝐸 𝐸𝑓𝑓 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔 𝐸𝑓𝑓
𝑠 =
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔 𝐸𝑓𝑓
Dehghanisanij, M., Flintsch, G.W., McNeil, S., “Roadway Networks as a Degrading System:
Vulnerability and System-level Performance,” Transportation Letters: the International
Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, vol. 5 (3), pp 105-114
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Example 3 - More Sustainable Rehabilitation
Techniques - I-81 In Situ Recycling
Cold In-place Recycling (CIR)
Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)
Cold Central Plant Recycling
(CCPR)
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Source: http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/a/#p/roads/success-stories
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
LCCA Comparisons – Detailed
Comparison
Traditional Reconstruction
Corrective Maintenance
$27.6173
Recycling-based
5
$0.2332
$0.6856
$0.4720
10
$0.3582
$0.7261
$0.5221
15
$2.4386
$4.5387
$4.7378
NPV [M$]
20
$14.4648
$18.3723
25
$2.4651
$2.4651
$3.5270
$9.1215
$10.1087
$18.4943
30
0
Materials
Construction Transportation WZ Traffic
Extraction and and M&R
of Materials Management
Production
Usage
EOL
Total
$(0.1519)
$(0.1519)
$(0.1359)
-5
Pavement life cycle phase
Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., and Ferreira, A. “A Comprehensive Life Cycle Costs Analysis of In-Place Recycling and Conventional
Pavement Construction and Maintenance Practices,” under review.
LCA Results – Impact on Climate
Change
112 926
1 000 000
156 859
Corrective Maintenance
Traditional Reconstruction
112 926
Recycling-based
7 335
3 942
3 593
469
206
216
152
1 000
260
721
3 347
3 788
10 000
2 100
Tonnes of CO2 - eq
100 000
100
10
1
Materials
Construction
and M&R
Transportation
WZ Traffic
Mangement
Usage
EOL
Santos, J., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G.W., Ferreira, A. and Diefenderfer, B. “A life cycle assessment of in-place recycling and conventional pavement construction
and maintenance practices,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering: Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle Design and Performance, 2014
4. Conclusions
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Conclusions
o
→
Asset management is a key business process
for highway agencies
 Helps develop preservation and renewal
programs and budgets consistent with user
expectations (performance)
 Allows aligning investment with performance
goals/ objectives
Sound asset management practices are
needed to provide sustainable highway
infrastructure systems
Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure
Asset Management: A Key Tool for
Enhancing the Sustainability of our
Transportation Infrastructure
Questions?
flintsch@vt.edu