Enyi Patrick Enyi
Ph.D, FCA, RFC, FCPA, CFIP, MFP, MBA, FAAFM, FIIA
PROFESSOR OF ACCOUNTING AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
Babcock Business School,
Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OGUN 121103, Nigeria
Academic and Scholarly Profile
ORIGIN & EDUCATION
 Enyi, Patrick Enyi was born 2nd February 1960 at Uburu in Eastern Nigeria
 He had his early education at Wesley LSB School, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
 He concluded his GCE Ordinary and Advanced levels in Lagos, in 1980 and 1981
respectively.
 He proceeded to study ACCA professional accountancy at London School of
Accountancy in 1981 and returned to Nigeria in December 1983.
 Obtained B.Sc degree in Accounting from Howard Hall University, Postgraduate Diploma
(PGD) and MBA from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, and Ph.D from Ebonyi State
University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
 Fellow, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (2001)
 Member, International Association of Registered Financial Consultants (IARFC)
 Fellow, Certified Institute of Public Administrators, (CIPA – UK)
 Member, Institute of Public Accountants of Australia (IPA)
 Fellow, American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM)
 Member, International Institute of Certified Forensic Investigation Professionals (IICFIP)
 Fellow, Institute of Industrial Administrators of Nigeria (IIAN)
 Member, American Accounting Association (AAA)
 Member, International Society for Development & Sustainability (ISDS – Japan)
INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE
 Enyi started his practical accounting experience as A Senior Audit Assistant with the now
defunct firm of Egunjobi, Sulaimon & Co. (Chartered Accountants), Kano, Nigeria 1984
and rose to become Resident Audit Manager, Onitsha for another firm of chartered
accountants in 1987 doubling as the CEO of Elfinco Consulting.
 He worked as an Accountant, Chief Accountant and Group Accountant for a group of
companies engaged in trading, manufacturing and financial services in the eastern part
of Nigeria between 1992 and the year 2000.
 He developed Nigeria's first computer based accounting package in the year 1998 and
followed it up with a micro banking software in 2002. In addition Enyi engages in the
development of financial and mathematically based computer software as well as
organizing training on programming and software development.
TEACHING CAREER
 Enyi began his teaching career as a part-time accounting tutor in a secondary school in
1987 and stepped it up to part-time lecturing at the Onitsha outreach center of the
University of Calabar in 1997.
 He joined the faculty of Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria in September 2000 as a
Lecturer I and rose to the rank of Senior Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in September 2003.
 He left Madonna University in October 2005 and joined the faculty of Ebonyi State
University, Abakaliki and served up to September 2007.
 In October 2007, he was pulled to Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria where he
served as the Head of the Accounting department until November 2010.
 He was assessed and appointed a professor of accounting and quantitative techniques
by Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo in May 2010 and he joined the faculty of the university
in December 2010. He served as the Head of Department of Accounting between July
2012 and August 2014. He became the Vice Dean, Babcock Business School in September
2014.
SPECIALIZATION
 Prof. Enyi's research interests cuts across the core decision and analytical areas in
accounting and finance. They include but not limited to:
 Liquidity Management and Insolvency
 Capital structure and theories
 Decision Support analytics
 Financial Modeling and Behavioral Analysis
 Forensics
RESEARCHES UNDERTAKEN
 Prof. Enyi has carried out researches on the following areas with groundbreaking findings:
 Causes of business failure - developed models for detection and prediction of insolvency and
business liquidation.
 The effectiveness or otherwise of Ratios in measuring financial performance
 Integrating joint products in break even analysis
 Using a modified transportation model to improve business profitability
 Using forensic accounting to analyze and detect variances in production outputs of
manufacturing organizations.
 The ineffectiveness of the simplex method of linear programming in the maximization of some
aspects of scarce resources
RESEARCHES SUPERVISED
 The following are some of the Ph.D and M.Sc research projects supervised by Prof. Enyi:
 How Human Assets Accounting affects Performance Reporting of firms (concluded 2013)
 Appraisal of Resources Management in Nigeria Poverty Eradication Programme (concluded
2012)
 How working capital management affects profitability in quoted food and beverages companies
in Nigeria
 The effect of intellectual capital on financial performance of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria
(concluded 2014)
 How human resource accounting affects managerial decisions of SDA institutions in Cameroon.
 The impact of micro finance banks on poverty reduction in OGUN State Nigeria. (Concluded
2012)
 Government budgeting and its impact on Education in the Republic of Burundi (concluded 2014)
Researches Supervised – continued
 The effect of tax planning on corporate financial performance of selected manufacturing
firms in Nigeria (concluded 2013)
 Cost consequences of non-adherence to accounting ethics in Ghanaian universities
(concluded 2014)
 Tax policies and effect on the development of infrastructures in Ogun state, Nigeria
(concluded 2012)
 International Financial Reporting Standards and its effects on financial statement quality of
banks in Nigeria (M.Sc Thesis concluded 2014)
 The effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of selected banks in
Nigeria (concluded 2012)
Researches Supervised- continued
 Application of Forensic Accounting In the Investigation and Detection of Corruption in
Nigeria (concluded 2011)
 Analysis of Tax Morale and Tax Compliance in Nigeria (concluded 2011)
 Value relevance of accounting information in the Nigerian Stock Market (concluded 2011)
 Corporate Environmental Reporting Practices in Nigerian and South African firms
(concluded 2010)
 Design and bases of Environmental Accounting in Oil & Gas and Manufacturing sectors in
Nigeria (concluded 2009)
 Accounting Disclosures and Corporate Attributes of Listed Companies in Nigeria
(concluded 2009)
Researches Supervised-continued
 Financial Strategy as Support Determinant for the Avoidance and Resolution of Distress In
The Nigerian Banking Industry (concluded 2010)
 Activity Based Costing and its effects on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Lagos
and Ogun states, Nigeria (concluded 2012)
 The above are mostly Ph.D research projects supervised by Prof. Enyi; about 5 others are
currently under his mentor ship and supervision. There are more than 45 others mostly at
the masters degree level as at December 2014
Accounting research is an APPLIED rather than a BASIC research.
It deals with the area of Macro Economy concerned with:
Business strategy and performance
Business Profitability
Business Sustainability
Business Expandability
Financial Statements Analysis
Business strategy and economic development
Investment planning
Tax planning and administration
Corporate Social Responsibilities
Budgetary Analysis
Capital Market Analysis
Business Management and Governance
Auditing and public perceptions
Forensic Accounting and Investigations
Resources and Projects Management
Management Efficiency and Effectiveness
My thoughts on Accounting Research
Accounting Research Focus: ENTITIES
• Accounting research permeates every sphere of economic life. However, the
most common objects of accounting research are:
• Governments – Federal, State, Local
• Tax policies and administration
• Budgetary analysis – realization and application
• Effectiveness of Public Fund Application
• Civil Societies and NGOs
• Economic analysis of contributions by trade associations and
professional bodies
• Contributions of the informal sector to economic development of a
country
• Corporate Entities, Banks, Schools etc
• Performance analysis
• Capital adequacy and structure
• Corporate governance
• Management Efficiency and Effectiveness
• Market and Investment Analysis, etc
• Accounting Research is mostly focused (but not limited) to the following topics/subjects:
• Capital Adequacy and performance
• Corporate performance and stock/share price movements
• Capital leverage and Corporate Survival
• Capital structure and corporate risk
• Working Capital and Business Solvency
• Tax planning and corporate performance
• Audit Expectation Gap
• Corporate Reporting and Accounting Standards (IFRS, GAAP etc)
• Budgetary Allocation and Government Infrastructure
• Tax Administration and Social Amenities
• Tax Morale and Government Revenue
• Fixed Assets Management and Firm Survival
• Human Resource Accounting and Business Valuation
• Human Resource Accounting and the Quality of Financial Statements, etc
Accounting Research Focus: TOPICS
Accounting Research Focus: Variables
o The variables commonly deployed in accounting research
include:
o Interest rate
o Tax rate
o Volume and structure of capital (Debt and Equity)
o Inflation rate
o Performance statistics – EBIT, PAT, EPS, Dividend Rate, PER,
PR, ATR, CTR etc
o Tax Administration Statistics: Revenue projected, collected,
defaults and categories
o Government statistics: Budget allocations and budget
performance figure, CBN monetary policy rates, financial
crimes data, etc
o Population statistics for humans, business units or assets
 In accounting research we try to build models deduced from established
mathematical relationships between intervening variables which are the
subjects of a research project.
 We use the model or the established mathematical relationships to:
 In accounting research we try to build models deduced from established
mathematical relationships between intervening variables which are the subjects
of a research project.
 We use the model or the established mathematical relationships to:
 Interpret existing relationships between variables and how the relationships have
behaved or changed over a time period;
 Predict the likely outcome of future events relating to the research variables
(usually with a linear regression equation);
 Control on going processes (using the model as a feedback/feed-forward tool);
and
 Plan for future activities (using the model as a projection tool). existing
relationships between variables and how the relationships have behaved or
changed over a time period;
 Predict the likely outcome of future events relating to the research variables
(usually with a linear regression equation);
 Control on going processes (using the model as a feedback/feed-forward tool);
and
 Plan for future activities (using the model as a projection tool).
We try to establish different types of relationship in accounting research,
however, the type to establish will, definitely, depend on the intentions of the
researcher as well as the type of variables involved. The following gives an
overview:
o Correlation: When it is necessary to determine how one variable
influences the other variables in the research equation/relationship.
o Strength and Direction: When there is the need to know the extent of
influence of one or more variables on the behaviour of other variables
and the direction to which the relationship is pulled. Strength is
measured by the R2 property of the equation while direction is
measured by the sign preceding each variable.
Please note that these two tests are LINEAR in nature and they contain the
analytical and predictive qualities that accountants and accounting
researchers are looking for.
Types of Relationship Sought
Other works by Prof. Enyi
 New interpolation formula for Internal Rate of Return (IRR) = (lp – hq) / (l – h)
 l = NPV @ q; h = NPV @ p; q = lower discount rate; p = higher discount rate
 New joint-products break-even analysis model
 New solvency measurement model based on the earning capacity or potential
performance of a firm. It can effectively measure the fiscal health of a firm more
accurately than all existing models. It is called Relative Solvency Ratio (RSR) and it is
measured thus: RSR = [r(r – p) / 104py]
 r = turnover; p = profit before tax; y = available working capital
 A simplified research data analysis software – called Calculux; and many others.