PLANTS review
Chapters 29, 30, 38
Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Angiosperm Reproduction
One of the four main types of land
plants that contains mosses and
lacks vascular tissue
BRYOPHYTES
Which is the dominant stage in
the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte
gametophyte
gametophyte
One of the four main types of
land plants that contains ferns
and has vascular tissue
Pteridophytes
Which is the dominant stage in
the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte
gametophyte
sporophyte
One of the four main types of land
plants that contains flowering
plants and possess vascular tissue
Angiosperms
Which is the dominant stage in
the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte
gametophyte
sporophyte
One of the four main types of land
plants that contains the conifers,
have “naked” seeds, and vascular
tissue
Gymnosperms
Which is the dominant stage in
the life cycle of this group?
sporophyte
gametophyte
sporophyte
The mutualistic association of
plant roots and fungi
mycorrhizae
90% of all plant species today
are in which group?
Angiosperms
(flowering plants)
Evidence suggests that land plants
evolved from which group of
protists 500 million years ago?
Green algae (Charophytes)
What evidence suggests that
land plants evolved from green
algae 500 million years ago?
•Both produce cellulose for cell walls
in same unique way
•Both only groups with peroxisomes
(to reduce effects of photorespiration)
•Similar sperm structure
•Make cell plates during mitosis is similar way
•Nuclear and chloroplast DNA closely related
If a plant is “nonvascular” it
means it doesn’t have
_____________
xylem or phloem
The female gametangia in plants
is called the __________
archegonia
archegonia
antheridia
All land plants have a life cycle
that consists of two
multicellular stage called
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
Another key feature of plants is
the production of gametes in
multicellular organs called
gametangia
The gametophyte stage is
haploid
__________
haploid diploid
The male gametangia in plants
is called the __________
antheridia
archegonia
antheridia
The zygote produced by fusion
diploid
of sperm and egg is ________
haploid
diploid
What advantages did becoming
terrestrial provide plants?
Increased sunlight (unfiltered by water)
More carbon dioxide in air than water
soils rich in nutrients
fewer predators
The sporophyte stage is
diploid
__________
haploid diploid
What challenges did plants face
when they became terrestrial?
Lack of water, dessication,
lack of structural support
against gravity
The sporophyte divides using
meiosis
_________to
produce spores.
mitosis
meiosis
The antheridia in the gametophyte
produces____________
Multiple sperm
The gametophyte divides using
_________to
produce gametes.
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
The archegonia in a gametophyte
a single egg
produces _____________
Which plant group requires
water for their sperm to swim
to the egg?
All seedless plants
Bryophytes & Pteridophytes
Structures in the sporophyte
stage where meiosis occurs to
produce spores sporangia
Spores produced by plants are
haploid
____________
haploid diploid
The megasporagium, megaspore,
and protective tissue around them
make an _________
ovule
What are the 5 crucial adaptations
that led to the success of seed
plants?
•Reduced gametophytes
•
•
•
•
(protects antheridia/archegonia)
Heterospory (2 types of spores)
Ovules (protect egg/developing zygote)
Pollen (no need for water)
Seeds
Megaspores produce
Female gametophytes
______________
The production of TWO types of
spores seen in seed plants
heterospory
is called ___________
Microspores produce
male gametophytes
______________
A pollen grain contains
____________
2 sperm nuclei
Identify the following flower parts
stamen3
Anther 1
filament
2
petal
4
stigma
5
7 Carpel
style
ovary
6
10
8 sepal
9 ovule
In angiosperms and gymnosperms
a male gametopyte
= a Pollen
_______
grain
What advantages do seeds have
compared to spores?
Seeds are multicellular with several layers
of tissue protecting embryo
Seeds have supply of stored energy so embryo
can wait for good germination conditions
and use stored energy for early growth
Plants with “naked” seeds are
called __________
Gymnosperms
In a flowering plant the mature
ovaries are called _________
fruits
Angiosperm that has one
cotyledon in the seed, parallel leaf
veination, scattered vascular tissue and
flowering parts in multiples of threes
monocot
Give an example of the above
Corn, orchids, lilies, grasses
Angiosperm that has two
cotyledon in the seed, net leaf
veination, vascular tissue in a ring
and flowering parts in multiples of
fours or fives Eudicot (dicot)
Give an example of the above
Roses, peas, beans, oaks
Flowering plants are classified
in the PHYLUM
ANTHOPHYTA
______________
The stamens with anthers are
the _________
part of a flower.
male
male
female
carpel
The ________
in a flower is
made up of the stigma, style,
and ovary.
haploid
Plant pollen is _________
haploid
diploid
Gymnosperms have seeds often
exposed on modified leaves
cones
called _________
The carpel including the stigma
and style is the
female
_________
part of a flower.
male
female
CONTRAST MONOCOTS & DICOTS
MONOCOTS
Number of
cotyledons
in seed
Vein pattern
one
parallel
Flower parts
in multiples Multiples of 3’s
of ?
Location of
scattered
vascular
tissue
Examples
Corn, orchids,
lilies, grasses
DICOTS
two
net
Multiples of
4’s & 5’s
In ring
Peas, beans, roses,
oaks
Mosses, hornworts, and
liverworts belong in which
group of plants?
Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
As plants evolved from algae to
angiosperms which generation
increases in dominance?
sporophyte
Most angiosperms are
monoecious
_____________
meaning they
have both male and female parts
on the same flower.
Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
belong in which group of plants?
Pterophytes
Ginko, cycads, Ephedra, and
conifers belong in which group
of plants?
Gymnosperms
Plants with male and female
flowers on separate plants are
dioecious
called _____________
Flowering plants belong in which
group of plants?
Angiosperms
How do monoecious plants prevent
self pollination?
Male and female parts may be
physically separated (anthers/stigma
at different heights) or mature at
different times.
Double fertilization is only seen
in which group of plants?
Angiosperms
Seed leaves are called
_____________
cotyledons
CONTRAST PLANT REPRODUCTION
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Mosses
Ferns
Dominant
generation
gametophyte
sporophyte
sporophyte
(tree)
sporophyte
Alternate
generation
sporophyte
gametophyte
(small)
gametophyte
(pollen/ovule)
Wind, insects
carry pollen
gametophyte
Example
How sperm
move
Relationship of
gametophyte &
sporophyte
Requires
water to swim
Requires
water to swim
Sporophyte
grows on top
of & provided
nourishment
by female
gametophyte
Sporophyte
grows out of
female
archegonium
of gametophyte;
receives
nourishment;
independent at
maturity
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Ginko, conifers Flowering plants
(pollen, ovary)
Wind, animals
carry pollen
Gametophyte
Gametophyte
reduced in size; reduced in size;
relies on
relies on
sporophyte
sporophyte
for protection for protection
and nourishment and nourishment
Many angiosperms and their
pollinators show which pattern
of evolution?
coevolution
3 n
Endosperm is __
Match the derived characters with the
correct branch points in the diagram
embryos
7. _______________________
Flowers
Embryos
Seeds
Vascular tissue
Vascular tissue
8. _______________________
seeds
9. ________________________
flowers
10. _______________________
From:Campbell and Reece Chap 30 Self quiz
Flowers that have both male
and female parts are called
____________
monoecious
Tell what happens to the 2 sperm
nuclei in double fertilization
One sperm fertilizes the egg and becomes the
embryo; the 2nd sperm nuclei fertilizes
2 polar bodies and becomes the endosperm
Plants that produce flowers
that have either male or
female parts, but not both are
called _____________
dioecious
fruits
Mature ovaries = __________
In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs
(microsporangia) undergo ________
meiosis to make
haploid microspores
mitosis
meiosis
In angiosperm reproduction, the
male gametophyte = Pollen
_________
grain
In an angiosperm seed the
embryonic root is called the
radicle
__________
In angiosperm reproduction,
sporophytes
seeds grow into __________
gametophytes
sporophytes
In angiosperms diploid cells in pollen sacs
(microsporangia) undergo meiosis to
microspores
make haploid _________________
In angiosperm reproduction, the
female gametophyte = Embryo
_________
sac
In angiosperms diploid cells in ovules
undergo meiosis to make 4 haploid
_________________
megaspores
In angiosperms, the ovule develops
seed
into the _______
and the ovary
develops into the __________
fruit
The transfer of pollen from the
anther of a flower on one plant to
the stigma of a flower on another
pollination
plant is called _____________
The shoot tip with miniature
leaves attached inside a seed
is called the _________
epicotyl
Tell some mechanisms that prevent
plants from self pollinating
Dioecious flowers- pollen making and egg making
flowers are on separate plants
Monoecious flowers- male and female parts are
physically separated by height or mature at
different times
Molecular barriers-biochemical block prevents
pollen from same plant from developing pollen tube
and fertilizing own egg