MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 9: CRITICAL LEGISLATION FOR SUPERVISORS
Hear ye!
Hear ye! “Last
week’s agenda
was…”
The Employment Standards Act
The Human Rights Code
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The Labour Relations Act
Occupational Health and Safety Act
Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System (WHMIS)
Environmental Legislation
Freedom of Information and
Protection of Privacy Act
Pay Equity Act
Workplace Safety and Insurance Act
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 9: CRITICAL LEGISLATION FOR SUPERVISORS
Your
‘STAY-OUT-OF-JAIL’
Checklist
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 9: CRITICAL LEGISLATION FOR SUPERVISORS
WH MI S
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Today’s Line-up:
Revisit
Module 3:
The Continuous Tasks
of the Supervisor
Responding to Today’s
‘Leadership Challenge’
Revisit Recruitment and Retention
Module 4:
The Matter of Retention:
- Why People Stay
Revisit
Problem Solving
Module 5:
A 7-Step Systematic
Problem-Solving Model
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Leadership is interpersonal influence
directed toward attaining shared goals.
Leadership is action that causes others
in turn to act or respond in a common
direction.
Leadership is the art of influencing
people, by persuasion or example, to
follow a given course.
Leadership is the key dynamic force
that motivates and coordinates an
organization in the process of
accomplishing its mission.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The Classic Management Functions:
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
CONTROLLING
MANAGING : ‘Doing Things Right’
LEADING: ‘Doing the Right Things’
The Leadership Role:
‘Leading’ has a strong ‘Soft Skills’
orientation: Inspiring; modeling;
coaching; coordinating; facilitating
change; enlisting volunteers . . .
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Traits of Superior Leaders - U. Santa Clara Study - 2,615 Mgrs
1
Honest
83%
2
Competent
67%
3
Forward-Looking
62%
4
Inspiring
58%
5
Intelligent
43%
6
Fair-Minded
40%
7
Broad-Minded
37%
8
Straightforward
34%
9
Imaginative
34%
10
Dependable
33%
11
Supportive
32%
12
Courageous
27%
13
Caring
26%
14
Cooperative
25%
15
Mature
23%
16
Ambitious
21%
17
Determined
20%
18
Self-Controlled
13%
19
Loyal
11%
20
Independent
10%
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Jim Kouzes
Barry Posner
ISBN 1-55542-061
Jossey-Bass Inc San Francisco
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Inspiring Shared Vision
Envision the Future
Enlist Others
Encouraging the Heart
Recognize Contributions
Celebrate Successes
Modeling the Way
Set the Example
Plan Small Wins
Challenging the Process
Search for Opportunities
Experiment and Taking Risks
Enabling Others
Foster Collaboration
Strengthen Others
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Inspiring Shared Vision:
Envisioning the Future;
Enlisting Others.
Describing to others the kind
of future you can create
together;
Showing others how their
interests can be fulfilled by
a common vision;
Clearly communicating a
positive and hopeful outlook.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Challenging the Process:
Searching for Opportunities;
Experimenting & Risk-taking.
Experimenting and being
willing to take risks – even
though you might fail;
Asking, “What can we learn?”
when efforts fail;
Always looking for ways to
improve and innovate.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Enabling Others to Act:
Fostering Collaboration;
Strengthening Others.
Involving others in planning
the actions that affect them;
Giving people the freedom to
make their own decisions;
Creating an atmosphere of
mutual respect and trust.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Modeling the Way:
Setting the Example;
Planning Small Wins.
Being clear about your
values and beliefs;
Making certain that people
adhere to agreed-upon
values;
Being consistent in practicing
what you preach.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Encouraging the Heart:
Recognizing Contributions;
Celebrating Successes.
Praising people for a job
well done;
Celebrating when project
milestones are met;
Linking rewards to
achievements.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
“Pencils at the ready, People! It’s
time for you to take stock of your
Leadership Practices Inventory!”
For each of
the 30 statements,
please circle the
scale value that is
most typical
of you.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
Encourag’g
Modeling
Enabling
Inspiring
Challeng’g
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
22 24 23 22 25
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Sanderson-Neale, a leading UK HR consulting firm has
studied turn-over / retention extensively. They report:
‘Secure’ employees, truly loyal to their
organizations and intending to stay.
‘High Risk’ – Not committed;
not intending to stay
Feel ‘Trapped’ so plan to
stay, but are not committed
turnover Typically 150% of annual salary
of the departed employees
cost:
A major
shift:
“People don’t work just for
money anymore”
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Abraham
Maslow
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Another need takes its place
As soon as one need is fulfilled,
These needs are in a particular sequence
We are motivated by ‘Unfulfilled Needs’
Man is a ‘Wanting Animal’
According to Maslow:
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
KEYPOINT:
A SATISFIED NEED IS NO
LONGER A MOTIVATOR
“Food ain’t much of a motivator
when your belly’s full!”
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
KEYPOINT:
When progress up the
hierarchy is blocked,
people revert to being
preoccupied with lowerorder needs that had
already been satisfied.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The ‘BASIC’ Needs
Elements
Workplace Needs
Survival Needs:
Oxygen
Food / Water
Rest / Shelter
Clothing
Sex
BASIC NEEDS
Fair earnings, to
be able to afford
the food, shelter,
clothing and the
other amenities
of life.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The ‘SAFETY’ Needs
Elements
Workplace Needs
Security
Fair Treatment
Avoiding Risk
Safe Work Env’t
Orderliness
Good Conditions
Guidelines
Protective Rules
Stability
Procedures
Job Security
SAFETY NEEDS
BASIC NEEDS
“Ouch!”
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The ‘BELONGING’ Needs
Elements
Workplace Needs
Friendships
Social Acceptance
Membership in
Groups
Being Accepted
as a Member
Being Treated
with Decency
Opportunities
to Socialize
BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
BASIC NEEDS
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The ‘ESTEEM’ Needs
Elements
Workplace Needs
Appreciation
Respect from
Co-Workers
Responsibility
Accomplishment
Recognition
Promotion
Recognition
Ambition
Status
Advancement
ESTEEM
BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
BASIC NEEDS
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
The ‘Self-Actualizing’ Needs
Elements
Workplace Needs
Self-Fulfillment
Creativity
Freedom to Act
Responsibly
Freedom to
Think & Do
Make Creative
Contributions
SELF ACTUALIZATION
ESTEEM
BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
BASIC NEEDS
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Based on extensive studies in industry,
Herzberg was able to differentiate in a
particular way between factors that
‘Motivate’, and factors that ‘Dissatisfy’.
The “MOTIVATORS”, he found, tend to relate
to JOB CONTENT (such as challenging work,
responsibility, achievement)
The factors leading to
DISSATISFACTION
generally relate to the
JOB ENVIRONMENT.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
DISSATISFACTION
30
20
10
10
20
30
40
MOTIVATORS
ACHIEVEMENT
RECOGNITION
WORK ITSELF
RESPONSIBILITY
ADVANCEMENT
COMPANY POLICY
SALARY
WORKING
CONDITIONS
HYGIENE
MOTIVATING
FACTORS
FACTORS
DISSATISFIERS
40
SATISFACTION
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
HYGIENE FACTORS:
Herzberg coined the term ‘HYGIENE FACTORS’
for those DISSATISFIERS that, if you attend to
them, will PREVENT DISSATISFACTION
. . BUT . . Taking care of the HYGIENE
FACTORS doesn’t necessarily
create MOTIVATION - It merely
prevents DISSATISFACTION!
The TRUE MOTIVATING FACTORS are those that lead to the
individual experiencing POSITIVE INTERNAL FEELINGS in
the work setting.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
External vs. Internal Motivators:
Herzberg also contrasted between forms
of ‘EXTERNALLY APPLIED
MOTIVATION’ that he called
KITA, and may ‘move’ the
subject in the right
direction.
. . as opposed to:
factors that
produce
POSITIVE
INTERNAL
MOTIVATION!
True motivation can’t
be externally applied:
IT HAS TO COME
FROM WITHIN!
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
“Hmm –
Sounds
good!”
1. Take care of the
HYGIENE FACTORS
2. Cut the KITA
3. Focus on JOB CONTENT
factors that elicit feelings
of POSITIVE INTERNAL
MOTIVATION
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
JOB ENRICHMENT
PRINCIPLE
MOTIVATORS
INVOLVED
1. Make more data/reports
directly available
Involvement
Recognition
2. Give individuals/teams
greater authority (job
freedom)
Recognition
Responsibility
Achievement
3. Remove controls while
retaining accountability
Responsibility
Achievement
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
JOB ENRICHMENT
PRINCIPLE
MOTIVATORS
INVOLVED
4. Give individuals/teams
whole units/sections as
their own
Recognition
Responsibility
Achievement
5. Introduce new tasks
that are more difficult
than previously handled
Challenging
Learning &
Growth
6. Assign specialist tasks
enabling people to
become expert
Responsibility
Growth
Advancement
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Scott-Myers examined why people
could be so enthusiastic over sports
& hobbies, and yet be equally UNenthusiastic about their jobs!
Studying 10-pin bowling, he noted:
A visible goal
Challenging but attainable
Played to individually-set standards
Immediate results feedback
Can satisfy social needs
Receives recognition
for doing well
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Scott-Myers then theorized,
- “What if we were to . .”
Take away the pins, leaving the bowler
to roll balls down an empty alley? (No
visible goal)
Hang a drape across the alley, so bowler
can’t see result? (No direct feedback)
"What if we do both of the above,
then put a ‘boss’ on the job to give
him an ‘opinion’ on how well he’s
doing, along with ‘constructive
advice’ on how to improve?
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
“And what if we were also to . .”
Change the rules of the game
or the standards of performance,
but forget to let the bowler know?
Disallow social interaction between the bowling team
members, and discourage team effort?
Give most of the credit /recognition for good performance
to the ‘Boss’?
Keep the bowler on the job through threat of job security?
QUESTION: Does the ‘man on the job’ ever experience
anything quite like this??
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Combines Maslow’s lower order
needs and Herzberg’s Hygiene
Factors to create the
‘Maintenance’
foundation
Combines Maslow’s higher needs
and Herzberg’s Motivators to
meet employee
motivational
needs.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
“It’s human nature to:
. . dislike work and
responsibility!
. . and try to avoid
them if you can!”
So therefore, you
have to:
Coerce; Control;
Punish; Reward
Work is as natural as play
or rest!
Man is NOT a lazy, turned
-off animal!
It’s just that his experience
at work has caused him to
appear that way!
Man has inherent capacity to
excel in right environment!
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
1. “The way they are”
BELIEFS
“The average human being
has an inherent dislike of
work, and will avoid it
whenever (s)he can”
IMPLICATIONS
Assumes that:
People just don’t like to
work: It’s tedious.
So Management has to
offset with command &
control, and by stressing
productivity.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
2. “How you have to manage them”
BELIEFS
“Because humans so dislike
work, most people have to be
coerced, controlled, directed,
threatened with punishment
to force them to
make efforts to
achieve the goals
of the organization”
IMPLICATIONS
Suggests that:
Rewarding people for work
isn’t enough to counteract
their tendency to avoid it.
Better to control with:
- Close supervision;
- Threats of punishment;
- “You’re Fired!”
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
3. “Why you have to operate that way”
BELIEFS
“The average human being
prefers to be directed; wants
to avoid responsibility;
Has relatively little
ambition; and wants
security above all”
IMPLICATIONS
Reflects the view that:
People have to be ‘operated’
Willing to be directed and
controlled
Focused on job security
Don’t want responsibility
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
1. “The way they are”
BELIEFS
“The expenditure of physical
and manual effort in work is
as natural as play or rest”
IMPLICATIONS
The perspective here:
Not true that people
dislike work;
They are predisposed
to work and produce;
People can like to work as
much as they like to play.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
2. “Same game; different rules”
BELIEFS
“External controls / threats
are not the only way to aim
effort towards organizational
objectives. People will
exercise self-direction and
self control in the service of
objectives to which they are
committed”
IMPLICATIONS
People don’t
have to be
ordered,
pushed &
threatened
to get them
to put forth.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
3. “Commitment to objectives & rewards”
BELIEFS
IMPLICATIONS
“Commitment to objectives
is a function of the rewards
from achieving them”
When people value the
available rewards, they’ll
self-govern to work
effectively.
People view personal
freedom, independence,
and autonomy as valued
rewards.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
4. “Why you can play by different rules”
BELIEFS
“Under the right conditions,
people not only accept – but
seek - responsibility”
IMPLICATIONS
Avoiding responsibility, lack of
ambition, and seeking security
are not inherently human
characteristics.
In fact, people look for more
responsibility / autonomy on the
job, and value as reward that
increases commitment to
organizational objectives.
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
5. “How McGregor summed it up”
BELIEFS
“The capacity to exercise high
degrees of imagination, creativity
and ingenuity in problem-solving
is widely,
rather than
narrowly,
distributed
in the work
force.
IMPLICATIONS
This views people at all levels:
as being capable and willing
to grapple with, and solve
problems.
But most organizations fail
to provide the opportunities,
so all parties fail to reap the
full extent of rewards.
KEEP
SMILING!
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
MLCP: Supervisory Skills for Business & Industry
MODULE 10: REVIEW and SUMMARY
Take Care, Folks!
It’s Been A Pleasure