Semester Exam Review
Who were the following people and what were their contributions to Forensic Science?
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Paul Ekman
James Watson and Francis Crick
Peter Paul Biro
Kary Banks Mullis
Observation Skills/Crime-Scene Investigation
Deductive reasoning
forensic
perception
chain of custody
Circumstantial evidence
class evidence
direct evidence
individual evidence
Datum point
primary crime scene
secondary crime scene
Innocence Project
1. What is Locard’s Principle of Exchange?
2. What items must be included on a crime-scene sketch?
Evidence Collection and Classification
Evidence Category
Circumstantial
Direct
Class
Individual
Examples
Why
Evidence Type
Hair
Fibers/Textiles
Botanical Evidence
Fingerprints
DNA
Blood
Collection Methods
Hair
Cortex
cuticle
medulla
Label the parts of the hair cross-section:
A:
B:
C:
keratin
hair shaft
hair follicle
Proper Storage
1. Compare and contrast human and animal hair characteristics.
2. How does chemical treatment of hair affect its physical appearance?
3. How are hairs examined and analyzed as forensic evidence?
4. How can a hair be used to determine primary ethnic background?
Fibers
Amorphous
Crystalline
Monomer
Polymer
Secondary transfer
Warp weft
Thread Count
1. Why is early collection of fiber evidence vital to analysis of a crime-scene?
2. Compare and contrast synthetic and natural fibers.
3. What is the monomer of all plant based fibers?
4. What is the polymer that makes up all animal based fibers?
5. From what sources can natural fibers originate?
6. From what sources do synthetic fibers originate?
7. What are the current methods for fiber analysis that do not damage the fiber?
Botany
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
Pistil
Stamen
Pollen ‘fingerprint’
Assemblage
1. Seed plants include what groups of plants?
Spore
Pollen grain
Fingerprints
Patent fingerprints
Latent fingerprints
Plastic fingerprints
Minutiae
Chemical
Arch
Loop
Whorl
Uses
Paper
Application
Chemical Reaction
Latent Print
Plastic, metal, glass,
skin
Wood, Styrofoam
Paper, cardboard,
unpainted surfaces
1. What is a fingerprint?
2. Compare and contrast the three ridge patterns.
3. What are 4 examples of minutiae? Diagram the examples you gave.
4. Compare and contrast the three TYPES of fingerprints that could be found at a crime-scene.
DNA Profiling
Allele
Chromosome
Intron
Exon
Gene
Genome
STR
DNA fingerprint (profile)
Nuclear DNA
Mitochondrial DNA
1. Determine if the statement ‘Humans have common ancestors and therefore will have the same DNA STR profiles’ is
TRUE or FALSE. Justify your answer.
2. Which part of DNA is responsible for coding of genes? What percent of DNA is made of this?
3. Which part of DNA codes for cell regulation? What percent of DNA is made of this?
4. What are two ways that DNA is analyzed in Forensics? How are they different?
Blood Spatter
Agglutination
Antibodies
Antigen
Area of convergence
Area of origin
Satellite
1. What are the 4 components of blood? What is their function?
2. Why are there multiple varieties of blood types?
Spine
Cast-off Pattern
Passive drop
3. Compare and contrast spines and satellites.
4. Be familiar with Fig.8-18 (Bloodstain Patterns)
Spatter Velocity and Droplets (mm)
Image
Example of Injury
Toxicology
Narcotic
Controlled Substance
Hallucinogens
Controlled Substances Act
Toxin
Toxicity
Stimulant
Anabolic Steriods
1. How is a person exposed to a toxic substance? Give an example for each.
3. Identify and explain the usage of the Schedules of Drugs. Give examples of each.
3. Compare and contrast Toxins and Poisons.
4. What are the three primary types of heavy metals that people are typically over exposed to? What are some of the
symptoms of over exposure to each?
5. How do lethal gasses affect the body?
6. Explain what types of tests are used for drug analysis and give a brief description for each.
****SEE CHART ON NEXT PAGE****
DRUG
Mescaline
LSD
Psilocybin
Marijuana
Synthetic Marijuana (Spice)
PCP (Angel Dust)
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Source
Characteristics of Overdose