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Artistic Renewal
Inspired by Greece and Rome
Beauty of the human body
Secular (non-religious)
Perspective (give dimension to painting)
Sfumato (hazy effect)
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Human beings as the central concern, not
God
Started to question the meaning of life
 Doubt
 Freedom of thought
 Need to know – observations
 Tolerance
 Progress of science
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Roman Catholic
Birth of Protestantism
 Lutheran (Martin Luther)
 Calvinism (John Calvin)
 Anglican (King Henry VIII)
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Bishops and priests supervise parish priests
Colleges to educate priests
Official version of Bible in Latin
 All done by Pope in hopes of reuniting Christians
(note: this didn’t work)
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Shogun
Mikado
Daimios
Samurai
 after masters death they
did a ritual suicide
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Peasants, artisans, and
merchants
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Landscaping
Architecture
Painting
Theatre (Noh)
 Secular
 Patron
 Theologian
 Clergy
 Reform
 Indulgence
 Polytheist
 Excommunicate
 Annul
 heretic
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Economic Motives
 GOLD
▪ Spices, silk, minerals, etc.
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Political Motives
 GLORY
▪ More land
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Religious Motives
 GOD
▪ Spread Christianity
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Ships
 Caravel, Cog, Carrack
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Astrolabe
Compass
Portolan
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Mother Country  African Colony
 Cloth, metal, firearms
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African Colony  New World
 Slaves
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New World  Mother Country
 Metal, cocoa, corn, fur, tobacco, cotton, fish,
sugar
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Epidemics
Massacres
Forces labour
Economic dependence
Cultural loss
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Christopher Columbus
Vasco da Gama
John Cabot
Ferdinand Magellan
Jacques Cartier
Samuel de Champlain
Marco Polo
 Indigenous
People
 Middlemen
 Monarch
 Pagan
 Empire
 Colony
 Mother Country
 Barter
 Conquistador
 Missionary
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Crop Rotation
Manure as fertilizer
Higher quality seed
Plough improvement
Thresher driven by water wheel
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Spinning wheel  Spinning Mule
Steam engine (James Watt)
Railway
 Coal and iron
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COTTAGE
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FACTORY
 Slow production
 Fast production
 Small quantity
 Large quantity
 High cost
 Low cost
 High quality
 Low quality
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Working Class
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Bourgeois
 Lived close to factory
 Factory owners
 Small, crammed, dirty
 Spacious living area
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houses (epidemics)
High rent, many people
Poor ventilation
Children worked, no school
Wages:
▪ Men = full
▪ Women = ½
▪ Children = ¼
 Comfortable houses with
servants
 Children went to school
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Industrial bourgeoisie
 Entrepreneurs, bankers
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Petty bourgeoisie
 Lawyers, doctors, civil servants
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Working class
 Factory workers
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Small hands to get into machines
Whipped if not on task
Many died young due to exhaustion
Permanently stunted due to heavy labour
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Higher wages
Reduced working hours
Right to strike
Socialism = for the government and factory
owner
Liberalism = for the workers rights
 Persuaded government to pass labour laws
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Steamship
Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
Electric light bulb (Thomas Edison)
Airplane (Wright brothers)
Gas (Rockefeller)
Order of the Knights of Labor
 Labour movement
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Ruhr Valley
Krupp company
 Iron and steel plants to make weapons
 Industrialization
 Ironmonger
 Entrepreneur
 Capital ($$$)
 Urbanization
 Social class
 Monopoly
End of slave TRADE
1807-1818
End of SLAVERY
1833 - 1865
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Economic Motive
 Needed raw material
 New markets and companies to invest in
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Political Motive
 Increase land ownership
▪ “Scramble for Africa” – to claim land for Mother Country
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Social Motive
 Get rid of excess population
▪ Moved poorer people to move to the new colony
 Minerals
 Gold, diamonds, copper, etc.
 Ivory
 Wood
 Rubber
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Practice free trade
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Slaves prohibited
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Importing weapons to Africa prohibited
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Country must occupy colony to claim
the region
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Racial discrimination
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Economic exploitation
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Cultural loss
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Forced Labour
 If resisted, they were killed
 Europeans fighting amongst
themselves for land rights
 Partly the cause of WWI
Nationalism
Hydrography
Pact
Allies
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Economic crisis
Abandoned free trade
High unemployment rate
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Germany
 Had to abolish military
 No right to rearm
 Give up territory and colonies in Europe
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Hitler voted to change German government
from democracy to authoritarian regime
 Went against the Treaty of Versailles
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UN created after WWII to prevent another
war
 Foster peace
 Respect of human rights
 Improve living conditions for all
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 India (Mohandas Gandhi)
 Africa (Habib Bourguiba)
 How to balance old life and new life
▪ Language
▪ Culture
▪ Religion
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Life for blacks after abolition of slavery
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Martin Luther King
Rosa Parks
KKK (Ku Klux Klan)
Poorer conditions
High unemployment rate
Ban from areas (segregation)
Racism
Civil rights act to recognize blacks and whites as
equals
 To stop segregation
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Apartheid System
 Population Registration Act
▪ Classify as a racial group
 Group Area Act
▪ Non-whites excluded from areas
 Nelson Mandela and Frederik De Klerk
▪ Proved that black and white can work together
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Right to vote
 Canada – 1917
Quebec – 1940
 Marches, vandalized male areas (golf),
disturbed political meetings, etc.
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Childrearing and housekeeping
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Wanted higher education
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Wanted jobs
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Nuremberg Laws
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Jews stripped of German Citizenship
No political rights
Jews and non-Jews couldn’t marry
Property confiscated
Had to identify by yellow star
Holocaust
 Genocide
 Anne Frank
 Civil Rights
 Protectionism
 Charter
 Mandate
 Boycott
 Repression
 Dissidence
 Segregation
 Apartheid
 Propaganda
 Genocide
 Indochina
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Common currency
International organization and business
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Multinational
Free Trade
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Debt
Lack of investment
Difficulty for agricultural countries
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Health
 Spread of disease
 pollution
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Culture
 Internet
▪ Advantages and disadvantages
 TV, music, books, film, etc.
▪ Americanized
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Politics
 NAFTA
 G8
 UN