South Africa: The Rise of
Apartheid
Chapter 13 South Africa
Section 2
Apartheid Through out the
Decades
After gaining independence from
England, Afrikaner National
Party gained majority in 1940s
1948-National Party-invented
apartheid to establish white
domination and separate races
further
1950s – “Petty Apartheid”
established – “classification and
registration of Black and
Coloured South Africans”
1960s- “Grand Apartheid”
established - “territorial
separation and police repression”
1948 Elections
The national Party represented
the white Afrikaners
The won the election base on the
slogan of Apartheid
White South Africans wished to
have a country that was separate
from black South Africans.
They created the system of
Apartheid that was meant to
segregate against other races and
eventually have them live in
separate areas of the country.
Population Registration
Act
1950-Population
Registration Act
-Divided South Africans
into white, black (Africans),
and colored (mixed descent)
-Based on appearance,
social acceptance, and
descent
-Blacks-forced to carry
“pass books” holding
fingerprints, photograph,
and information on access to
non-black areas
1950 Group Areas Act
Created basis for ethnic
government in African
reserves or “homelands”
Each race was assigned a
different homeland
Black political rights
restricted to designated
homeland, but had no
rights in South African
Parliament, which had
complete control over the
homelands
District 6
Sophiatown
Mixed Marriages Act
In 1949 South African
officials banned mixed
marriages and relationships
between different races.
White South Africans
believe that their race should
be pure and non-diverse
This devastated many
families that were
considered to be of mixed
race
Apartheid and Education
Just as it was in the United
States during the ‘separate
but equal” laws, South
Africa had segregated
schools during Apartheid
Black schools were
dramatically inferior to
those of whites
Black college students were
not allowed to attend white
schools and black schools
prepared them to become
laborers
Apartheid and Women
Women were extremely
segregated against during
Apartheid
They were denied land,
schools, rights to vote and
jobs.
Their marriages and
children were controlled by
the government in an effort
to control black populations
Activity
Sheet A – South African Apartheid Legislation
Complete the questions
Complete the Objective
You may work in pairs
Due on Friday
South Africa and the
Homelands
Bantustans
Between 1960 and 1985, 3.5 million Africans were moved by
force
Ten homelands were located to different black ethnic groups
within the race:
Lebowa
QwaQwa
Bophuthatswana
KwaZulu
KaNgwane
Transkei and Ciskei
Gazankulu
Venda
KwaNdebele
Bantustans
Homelands and
Restrictions
During the 1960s-1980s, South African government
created a system of resettlement to remove other races
from “white areas”
Each territory had a chief that worked for the Afrikaner
government. Many of these “leaders” were politically
corrupt and greedy.
Homelands were located in the most poverty-stricken
and isolated regions of South Africa.
Mostly populated by women and children, since men
were the only ones allowed to live in the city.
Homelands and
Restrictions
Anyone that belonged to a homeland, had their South African
citizenship removed. Legally they had no rights under the
South African government
Homelands controlled their own systems of education, police,
and healthcare. However, these were underfunded by the
government
Public services and amenities were segregated, and very often
where not available in black homelands (i.e. movies)
Churches were segregated and could forbid the entrance of
black South Africans as well
Independence and
Territories
Independence of
Bantustans
White South Africans removed black rights and citizenship on
purpose.
Apartheid government after separating races into territories, gave
them the option of becoming independent from South Africa and
creating their own nation.
These “nations” would have no funding or support from the South
African government (although they did benefit from black labor)
Members of annexed homelands would have to carry passports into
South Africa
Independent homelands were never recognized as nations by the
global community or the continent of Africa
1953- Public Safety Act and
Criminal Law Amendment Act
Gave government power to
declare states of emergency,
increasing punishments for
protesting against or
supporting repeal of a law:
fines, imprisonment, whippings
1960-Government declared
state of emergency when
large group of blacks in
Sharpeville refused to carry
their passes
Emergency lasted for 156
days, 69 people dead and 187
people wounded
Who does Apartheid
Benefit?
A revolution was
beginning…
Activity
Complete sheet B and study for South Africa Section 2
quiz
You must complete the questions and the challenge
activity
You may work in pairs
Both Sheet A and B are due Friday.
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