APARTHEID
"In accordance with His will, it was decided who should
assume the leadership of the government in this new
period of the life of the people of South Africa.“
HF Verwoed, 1948
South African Statistics
About twice the size of Texas
GDP/ Capita:
$10,300 (USA: $46,000)
Education (% of GDP):
5.4% (USA: 5.5%)
Deaths/ 1,000 Population:
16.99 (USA: 8.38)
Origins:
Europe’s Needs

You need to understand Europe 1400 – 1700
– No refrigeration
– Salt used as a preservative
– Need for spices to mask flavor of
 Salt
 Rotten meat!
– Where were spices grown?
 Asia (India, Indonesia)
– Ottoman Turks closed the land link between Asia and
Europe in 1453
– No Suez Canal (1869)
– No Panama Canal (1914)
Origins:
Voyages of Discovery 1480 - 1600
Bartholomeu Dias - 1486
Christopher Columbus - 1492
Vasco Da Gama - 1497
Origins:
European Settlers
1652 – Dutch: a corporate endeavor
(Dutch East India Company)
 1687 – French Huguenots escaping
religious persecution
 1795 – English
 1820 – English Settlers
 1838 – The Great Trek by the Boers to
escape British persecution

Origins:
South Africa’s Need for Labor
Sugar
Diamonds
Gold
• 1860
• 1867
• 1886
Origins:
Legislative Precursors to Apartheid
Apartheid
Pronounced : “Apart hate”
 Definition:

– Separateness
– a social policy of racial segregation involving
political, economic and legal discrimination
against people who are not Whites;

Apartheid was not a system created by
the Afrikaner, but it was a system adopted
by the Afrikaner and further refined.
Apartheid

The National Party (predominately
Afrikaans) argued that
– South Africa did not comprise a single nation,
but was made up of four distinct racial
groups: white, black, colored, and Indian.
– Each Group should live independently of each
other to ensure racial harmony
– Created Legislation to enforce these beliefs
The Four Pillars of Apartheid
Population
Registration
Act, 1950
Group Areas
Act, 1950
Prohibition
of Mixed
Marriages
Act, 1949
Reservation
of Separate
Amenities
Act, 1953
Bantustans
Resistance to Apartheid Laws
1912
South Africa Native National Congress formed in response to
the 1910 Act (The South Africa Act)
1923
renamed African National Congress
1952
Defiance Campaign (USA equivalent = Rosa Parks)
1955
Freedom charter
1960
PAC founded (military objectives)
Resistance to Apartheid
1960: Sharpeville Massacre: March, 21
1960: ANC and PAC banned
1961: Formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe
1963 – 64: Rivonia Treason Trial
1976: Soweto Uprising, June 16
Images of Apartheid
Violence and Apartheid
(Warning: Some of the images are extremely graphic)
Inequalities & Apartheid
Apartheid and Transformation
Apartheid and Forgiveness
United Once Again