WHAT IS APARTHEID?
 System of racial segregation in South Africa.
 Lasted from 1948-1994
 Created to keep economical and political power with people of
English descent/heritage
APARTHEID CONT.
 In 1948, South Africa had a new government, the National Party
 Elected by a small majority in a whites-only election, its victory
followed a steady increase in black migration to the country's
towns
 This migration had led to a fear of black domination among the
minority whites - the Afrikaners, and the English-speaking
community, mainly of British descent
THE BIRTH OF APARTHEID
The white-controlled
government of South Africa
created laws to keep land
and wealth in the hands of
whites.
They created a system called
APARTHEID, which was
designed to separate South
African society into groups
based on race: whites, blacks,
Coloureds, and Asians.
GOVERNMENT ACTIONS TO ENFORCE
APARTHEID
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Native Land Act of 1913 and 1936 required Blacks, Coloreds, and Asians live
on a small percentage of the land
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 made illegal marriage in between
races
Population Registration Act of 1950 required that each citizen of South Africa
be registered by their race
Pass Laws Act of 1952 required that all Blacks, Asians, and Coloreds carry a
passbook at all times
Bantu Education Act of 1953 required that only concepts that would be used
in allowed jobs would be taught
Separate Amenities Act of 1953 legalized racial segregation of public areas
Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1953 made harsher punishments legal for
nonwhites (i.e. corporal punishment for shoplifting)
Native Labor Act of 1953 banned Africans from going on strike
THE IMPACT OF
APARTHEID
It forced blacks to move to poor
rural areas called
HOMELANDS.
Blacks could not vote.
Blacks were kept in low-paying
jobs.
Blacks were put in poor schools.
Blacks had to carry
identification.
Separate schools, restaurants,
and hospitals were created
for whites and blacks.
IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act of 1970
 “Made every black South African a citizen of one of the
homelands, effectively excluding blacks from South African
politics”
 The land was not desirable and lacked resources
 A lot of people fought to stop the cruelty of apartheid – people who
opposed apartheid were often met with brutality
THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID
THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No
55 of 1949
prohibited marriages between white people and
people of other races.
Population Registration Act, Act No 30 of
1950
led to the creation of a national register in
which every person's race was recorded.
Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950
forced physical separation between
races by creating different residential
areas for different races
Extension of University Education Act,
Act 45 of 1959
put an end to black students attending
white universities
IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
1970's- 1980's Civil unrest,
sanctions imposed on South
Africa, forced resettlement
process and Township revolts.
More than 3 million people forcibly
resettled in black 'homelands’
Black protesters are killed in
an uprising in Soweto
IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
 With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial
discrimination was institutionalized
 In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South
Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white,
black (African), or colored (of mixed decent)
 The colored category included major subgroups of Indians and
Asians
 Classification into these categories was based on appearance,
social acceptance, and descent
IMPACTS OF APARTHEID
 For example, a white person was defined as “in appearance
obviously a white person or generally accepted as a white person”
 A person could not be considered white if one of his or her parents
were non-white
 The determination that a person was “obviously white” would take
into account “his habits, education, and speech and deportment and
demeanor‘”
 A black person would be of or accepted as a member of an African
tribe or race, and a colored person was one that was not black or
white
 The Department of Home Affairs (a government bureau) was
responsible for the classification of the citizenry
BELIEF OF APARTHEID
 The system's chief objective was to deny non-whites the fruits of
supposedly white labors: commerce and industry
 Hendrick Verwoerd, South Africa's president in the 1950s and
1960s, said: " ... the white man, therefore, not only has an
undoubted stake in - and right to - the land which he developed
into a modern industrial state from denuded grassland and
empty valleys and mountains. But - according to all the principles
of morality - it was his, is his, and must remain his"
 Of course, many individuals saw it differently
 They believed that it was indeed African labor that contributed to
the rise of a modern industrial state
QUOTE FROM CHE
GUEVARA
"We speak out to put the world on
guard against what is
happening in South Africa. The
brutal policy of apartheid is
applied before the eyes of the
nations of the world. The
peoples of Africa are
compelled to endure the fact
that on the African continent
the superiority of one race over
another remains official policy,
and that in the name of this
racial superiority murder is
committed with impunity. Can
the United Nations do nothing
to stop this?"
SIGNIFICANCE OF
APARTHEID
.
Apartheid sparked significant
internal resistance and
violence against South
Africa. Since the 1950s, a
series of popular protests
were met with the banning
of opposition and
imprisoning of antiapartheid leaders. As unrest
became more violent, state
organisations responded
with increasing repression
and state-violence.
REINFORCEMENT OF
APARTHEID
Reforms to apartheid in the
1980s failed and in 1990
President Frederick Willem
de Klerk began negotiations
to end apartheid,
culminating the multi-racial
democratic elections in
1994, which were won by
the African National
Congress under Nelson
Mandela.
Apartheid still exist in South
African politics and society.
Poster that shows the inequality.
END OF APARTHEID
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Became leader of ANC in 1961
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Not 100% peaceful – he was in armed branch of ANC
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Goes underground in 1961
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Arrested in 1962
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Released in 1990, made anti-apartheid speech on release date
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Awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
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Becomes president of South Africa in 1994
END OF APARTHEID
 Apartheid caused violence and a trade embargo that hurt South
Africa
 Protests, uprisings, and violence helped end apartheid
 In 1990, Frederick Willem de Klerk, President, began talks to
end apartheid
 In 1994, Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa
END OF APARTHEID
 In 1994, free elections resulted in the ANC’s victory and Mandela
became the country’s president
 But to fully appreciate the profound change that South Africa
experienced with the end of the apartheid era and the beginning
of an era of greater equality, it is important to delve more fully
into the history of the region and the development of and then
resistance to the apartheid system
REFERENCE LIST
http://www.slideshare.net/templep79/apartheid-5668455
http://www.slideshare.net/Roseenglobal/apartheid-pres-presentation
http://www.slideshare.net/melissy516/south-africa-under-apartheid3602100?utm_source=slideshow03&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=sh
are_slideshow
http://www.slideshare.net/aubynjm/apartheid-7409879
http://www.slideshare.net/annagteacher/lauras-presentation-10627514
http://www.slideshare.net/jmvrudny/south-african-history2
http://www.slideshare.net/thatcelloguy/apartheid-15302823