1
Ministry of Labour and Small and Micro Enterprise Development
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
DRAFT
GREEN ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT POLICY
FOR
MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES AND COOPERATIVES
2013 TO 2016
Dr. Milan Jezic von Gesseneck, Team leader
Particip GmbH
Alan Cooper, Policy Analyst
Enterprise Development Division, Ministry of Labour and Small and Micro Enterprise Development
Glenn Lauren Moore, Associate Professional
Enterprise Development Division, Ministry of Labour and Small and Micro Enterprise Development
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our thanks and appreciation to the International Labour Organization (ILO). The ILO assisted us
with this process in May 2012 when it provided three (3) experts from its office in Turin, Italy to facilitate a three
(3) day workshop on Green Enterprise Development. We would like to thank Mr. Giovanni Di Cola (Office in
Charge), Mr. Kelvin Sargeant and the staff at the Caribbean sub-office in Port-of-Spain and to their colleagues in
Turin.
September 19, 2013
3
CONTENTS
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.1
The work of MOLSMED in the Green Economy ........................................................................ 8
1.2 Methodology....................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Objectives and Use.............................................................................................................................. 9
1.4 Context: Policy, Legislation and Fiscal ................................................................................................ 9
1.4.4 Legislative Environment ............................................................................................................. 11
1.4.5 Fiscal Measures .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.
PRIORITY SECTORS FOR GREEN MSE DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................... 13
2.1 Greening Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Greening the Construction Industry ............................................................................................. 14
2.3 Greening the Tourism Industry ..................................................................................................... 15
2.4 Greening the Creative Industries and Fashion .............................................................................. 16
2.5 Greening the Energy Sector .......................................................................................................... 18
2.6 Greening Agriculture and Agro-Processing ................................................................................... 20
3.
GREEN POLICY FOR MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES AND COOPERATIVES ................................. 22
3.1 Goal and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.1 Goal ............................................................................................................................................ 22
3.1.2 Objectives................................................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Key Principles .................................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Policy Outcomes............................................................................................................................ 23
4.
TOOLS FOR SUPPORTING GREEN MSES .......................................................................................... 25
1.1
Public Information on Greening and Green Jobs .................................................................... 25
1.2
Provision of Training in Standards for Green Business Operations ........................................ 25
1.2.1
National Integrated Business Incubator System ................................................................. 25
1.2.2
FairShare Programme ......................................................................................................... 25
1.3
Certification and Labelling ...................................................................................................... 25
1.4
Green Procurement ................................................................................................................ 26
4
1.5
5.
Financing Mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 26
DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN MSE SECTOR BY MOLSMED ................................................................. 27
As indicated in the Situational Analysis, MOLSMED will focus on five (5) priority area where green
MSE development can have the greatest and most effective impact, viz:......................................... 27
MOLSMED will seek out the expertise for training as well as funding for the development of these
priority sectors with the goal of ensuring that they receive the optimal amount of support. .......... 27
5.1
Waste Management................................................................................................................ 27
4.2
Construction ............................................................................................................................ 28
4.3
Tourism ................................................................................................................................... 28
4.4
Creative industries .................................................................................................................. 29
4.4.1
4.5
Creative Industries with a tourism orientation ................................................................... 30
Energy and Transportation ..................................................................................................... 31
4.5.1
Energy ................................................................................................................................. 31
4.5.2
Transportation .................................................................................................................... 31
4.6
Agriculture............................................................................................................................... 31
6.
IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................................... 32
7.
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 36
8.
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 37
5
Abbreviations
CARIRI
Caribbean Industrial Research Institute
EMA
Environmental Management Authority
EDF
European Development Fund
GORTT
Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
H&S
Health and safety
IFOAM
International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements
IMA
Institute of Marine Affairs
ISO
International Standard Organisation
MEEA
Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs
MEWR
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resource
MFP
Ministry of Food Production
MFE
Ministry of Finance and the Economy
MLA
Ministry of Legal Affairs
MOLSMED
Ministry of Labour and Small and Micro Enterprise Development (“the
Ministry”)
MoT
Ministry of Tourism
MPSD
Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development
MWI
Ministry of Works and Infrastructure
NEDCO
National Entrepreneurship Development Company
T&TEC
Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission
TTBS
Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards
6
Glossary of Terms
Carbon footprint
The quantifiable measure of carbon dioxide emitted from a particular activity
by using non-renewable fossil fuels
Cradle to grave
design
Designing goods with a view to their reuse post their initial intended use. (See
upcycling, emotional selling)
Decent Work
The standards prescribed by the International Labour Organisation for work
that is productive and delivers a fair income, offers workplace security and
social protection for family life. Additionally, it describes work that facilitates
social integration and the expression of workers’ concerns and allows for
workers’ consideration in the decisions that affect them. It must also provide
equal opportunity and treatment to men and women.
Economic Greening
The process of moving towards activities whose net effect upon the
environment and non-renewable resources is not negative, while conforming
to Decent Work standards.
Emotional selling
A marketing strategy by which an emotional or emotionally motivated social
value is attached to goods and service. For the purpose of this document the
emotional value will be related to environmental realities. (See cradle to grave
design and upcycling)
Fair Trade
A social movement usually applied to agricultural production and artisanal
work that seeks to involve primary producers in collective decision making,
wide range of value-creating activities and price-setting such that a larger part
of the final price goes to primary producers to meets their common needs.
Green
The description of activities whose net effect upon the environment and nonrenewable resources is zero or positive.
Green Economy
The United Nations Environment Programme defines the green economy as
“one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while
significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its
simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low
carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive.”
Life Cycle Analysis
A system of thinking that takes into account the costs of production and
consumption activities over the life of a product or service so that it considers
all the impacts (environmental, economic and social) that said product or
service will have over its entire life cycle, i.e. from pre-implementation to
obsolescence.
Sustainable
The condition of business or business processes such that they respect the
environment. It is to be differentiated from “Sustainable Business” which
relates to the ability of a business to meet financial objectives over time.
Upcycling
The process of converting used products into new product or products of a
higher quality (See cradle to grave design and emotional selling)
7
1. BACKGROUND
1.1 Introduction
Although Trinidad and Tobago has amongst the highest GDP per capita incomes in the Latin American and
Caribbean region, growth is heavily determined by the energy sector (non-renewable fossil fuels – such as
petroleum and natural gas) which contributes 45.3 per cent1 of GDP and employs no more than 3 per cent of the
labour force2. Heavy dependence upon the non-renewable energy sector has had a significant environmental
impact: the 2012 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 3 shows that Trinidad and Tobago’s is a weak performer in
terms of attention to the environment and sustainability. The index takes into account the categories of
environmental disease, water, air pollution (effects on human and ecosystem), water resources, biodiversity,
forestry, fisheries, agriculture and climate change.
The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) is committed to diversifying the economy
beyond energy sector dependence in an environmentally sustainable manner. 4 This transition is consistent with
international trends whereby many countries are incorporating green business into their national development
policies.
The value of the green economy in Trinidad and Tobago has traditionally been understated. It represents a largely
uncovered realm of labour and economic activity. It holds enormous potential as it is a ready source of sustainable
employment, entrepreneurship and labour transformation in Trinidad and Tobago. “Green economy” for the
purpose of this policy focuses upon waste management activities, eco- and agro-tourism, agriculture, energy,
construction, creative industries and innovation. It therefore involves a wide range of governmental and nongovernmental, private sector agencies. The key government agencies include:
Government Ministry
Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development
Ministry of Environment and Water Resources
Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills training; Ministry of
Education
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Investment; Ministry of the
Arts and Multiculturalism
Ministry of Food Production
Ministry of Tourism
Ministry of Works and Infrastructure; Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Housing
Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs
Ministry of Local Government
Area
Cross-cutting: overarching policy and direction
Cross-cutting: environmental priorities
Cross-cutting: human capital, skill sets and
innovation
All industries including the creative industries
Agriculture and Agro-Tourism
Tourism and cultural assets
Construction
Construction
Energy and construction
Waste Management
For an overview of institutional landscape for greening in Trinidad and Tobago, see Appendix I.
A Green Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises will impact upon the MSEs, improve their ability to generate decent
employment and effect social change. At the enterprise level, the policy aims to create viable green businesses
which are relevant to the sustainable development and environmental priorities of Trinidad and Tobago and to
provide financial support to such businesses. At the level of labour and employment the policy aims to re-train and
1
Statistics based upon the Annual Economic Survey (2011), Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
The energy sector employs approximately 20,500 workers.
3 Yale University Environmental Performance Index: http://epi.yale.edu/. The EPI absolute score worsened to 47.0 compared to 54.2 at the last
index evaluation. Trinidad and Tobago ranks among the weaker performers.
4
The Medium Term Policy Framework, see Fourth principle of the Government’s social and economic transformation strategy.
2
8
equip under-employed human resources to function within the green economy. These changes are expected to
lead to greater social inclusion based upon green activities.
1.1.1
The work of MOLSMED in the Green Economy
MOLSMED has the mandate for micro and small enterprise development and, given that most entrepreneurs begin
as a micro and small enterprise, MOLSMED is an integral institution to the process of the “green” transition.
Additionally, the development of any new economic sector must be pursued in harmony with the national
commitment to the Decent Work Agenda, espoused by the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
The work of the MOLSMED in green enterprise development will impact upon all micro and small enterprises.
However, it is possible to classify the groups of MSEs in the following manner:
1.
2.
All MSEs whose core activity is not economic “green” but which depend upon natural resources for
producing goods and services
MSEs whose core business is economic greening, that is
a. Consultancies and technical support in environmental services and training in environmental
sustainability
b. Community-based enterprises involved in management of ecosystems and resource
conservation, including waste management
c. Any enterprise involved in certification of MSEs as green and environmentally sustainable
d. Innovators and inventors whose output improves environmental sustainability
While encouraging greening of all enterprises under its influence, special support should be given to MSEs that
contribute towards economic greening, giving emphasis to those operating in sectors of strategic importance to
economic diversification.
MOLSMED will use its programmes to support greening. Details are presented in Appendix II: MOLSMED
Programmes for MSE Development.
Several changes required to support greening lie under the purview of other ministries. For this reason, MOLSMED
proposes to lead the initiative to formulate new measures, legislation, rules and fiscal policy that will impact
favourably on MSE involvement in greening. The primary partnerships are with MEWR and MPSD. The
deployment of the policy, legislative review and the social transformation will require partnership with an even
wider range of Government ministries. In addition to the two above, this partnership will include Ministry of Trade,
Industry and Investment, the Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs, the Ministry of Food Production, the Ministry
of Local Government, the Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills Training, the Ministry of Tobago Development,
the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of Works and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Housing.
1.2 Methodology
Assistance from the European Delegation was used to identify and contract a Policy Consultant to work with the
Enterprise Development Division for producing the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Situation Analysis: a review of the state of existing policy, fiscal directives and legislation in the area of
greenness and sustainability especially as relevant to private sector MSEs.
An analysis of opportunities for green and sustainable businesses in Trinidad and Tobago
A draft Green MSE policy with the identification of key programmes
Implementation plan for the green policy
9
e.
Communications Plan
From the aforementioned, the MOLSMED produced its own draft policy which was subjected to review by various
Ministry and private sector stakeholders before being revised and completed as presented here as finalised.
1.3 Objectives and Use
The Green Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises is intended for use as a guide for deciding the priority areas for
MSE activity in economic greening and to determine how resources can be mobilised to support this important
initiative.
1.4 Context: Policy, Legislation and Fiscal
Prior to the present Policy, there were no policies specifically created for fostering enterprise development in a
green economy in Trinidad and Tobago. However, two policy documents may be considered the cornerstones of
Government’s overarching approach to greening and environmental sustainability: the Medium Term Policy
Framework (MTPF) and the Green Government Policy (GGP). The MTPF attempts to chart a course for all aspects
of sustainability for Trinidad and Tobago including environmental concerns. The environmental component is
fleshed out in Working for Sustainable Development in Trinidad and Tobago (June, 2012) – henceforth called the
“Sustainable Development Policy,” (SDP)5.
The GGP (2011) serves as a mandate for all Ministries in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago to “go green”. It
focuses primarily upon Government waste management activities, the use of alternative goods and services for
reducing environmental degradation and touches upon transportation and procurement and the role of mass
communications.
Section 1.4.1 overviews environment management under both the MTPF and SDP while Section 1.4.2 outlines
other policies that have environmental implications.
1.4.1 Environmental Management under the MTPF-SDP
There are four (4) key areas assessed for environmental management under the MTPF. These are climate change,
sea level issues (salinisation of coastal land and water, erosion and pests), natural and anthropogenic hazards and
waste management (including bio-waste for energy production). The SDP zeroes in on the resources to be used to
achieve environmental sustainability (See Appendix II: Resources to be Used for Environmental Sustainability).
Within the policies, two (2) areas speak directly to business development: renewable energy and eco-tourism.
Indications are that a large number of companies engaged in renewable energy are MSEs involved in support
activities such as assessment and evaluation, installation and maintenance. Likewise, the vast majority of tourismrelated activity involves MSEs. Details of the policy plans for the areas of renewable energy and tourism see (Box
1: Business Development in Environmental Management).
5
The green economy is given specific focus in the section “Towards a Green Economy”, overviewed on pages 15 to 17 and elaborated
throughout the rest of the document. It is aligned to the two (2) themes of the Rio +20 Conference, the green economy and the institutional
framework for sustainable development.
10
Box 1: Business Development in Environmental Management.
Renewable Energy
Regarding renewable energy, the policy identifies solar, wind and waste energy as crucial
areas for investment. Fiscal incentives for research and development for renewable energy,
energy efficiency, alternative energy, devices and programmes are mentioned, but not fully
developed. Key to this is the establishment of energy service company (ESCO) certification.
Renewable energy and energy efficiency are treated separately. The Framework for
Development of a Renewable Energy Policy for Trinidad and Tobago (2011) identifies and
proposes methods of introducing renewable energy into the local energy mix. According to
this policy, five percent (5%) of domestic energy should be from renewable sources by the
year 2020. The main renewable energy proposals centre on wind and solar energy for
industrial, residential and transport use. The policy makes special mention of introducing
renewable energy practices to specific sectors including the hospitality industry via the use of
solar heaters.
Eco-tourism
Under eco-tourism the MTPF highlights nature trails, wetlands, other environmentally
sensitive areas and the use of information technology. The Ministry of Tourism (MoT),
through the TDC also manages the Small Tourism Enterprise Project (STEP) which develops
the technical skills of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in accommodation. Another
relevant programme is the Trinidad and Tobago Tourism Industry Certification Programme
carried out in conjunction with the Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, intended to
improve standards across the sector. MoT is also currently rolling out Green Globe 21
standards, an international standard for greenness.
1.4.2 Environmental Policies
Trinidad and Tobago has produced a number of policies related to environmental sustainability. These may be
grouped as follows: 1) Climate change, 2) Ecosystems and Wildlife, 3) Resource Management, 4) Culturoenvironmental assets, eco- and agro-tourism, and 5) Waste Management. (See Appendix III, Table 1: Overview of
Environmental Policies.) These policies include the National Climate Change Policy (2011), National Environmental
Policy (2006; edited in 2009), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2001), National Forestry Policy
(2011), National Tourism Policy (2010), the National Protected Areas Policy (2011), Integrated Water Resources
Management (2005), and Sustainable Development Policy (2012), to name the most relevant ones. The National
Spatial Development Strategy (2012), An Integrated Solid Waste/Resource Management Policy for Trinidad and
Tobago (2012), Renewable Energy Policy (2011), Wildlife Policy (2013) remain in draft form. A comprehensive list
of policies and their related fiscal measures and laws is presented on Appendix III, Table 2) Policies and Related
Laws6. While none of the policies refers explicitly to the role of MSEs, whether incumbent or potential, some
reference to the MSE sector is made in the tourism facet of the Sustainable Development Policy (2012) and the
Integrated Water Management Policy (2005).
1.4.3 Areas of Greening Support
There are several institutions involved in the process of greening Trinidad and Tobago. They can be grouped as
follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
6
Policy development and legal review
Awareness and sensitisation
Training in “greenness”
Technical support and consultancy
The Beverage Container Bill, aimed at making enterprises responsible for the bottles that they sell, is yet to be passed.
11
5.
6.
7.
Financing
Environmental oversight
Implementation
These are detailed on Appendix IV: Institutional Environment.
None of these groups represents institutions directly involved in the development of businesses or MSEs in the
green sector. However, these agencies can use some of their existing services to support MSE development in the
green sector. These include support in the areas of technical support and consultancy, financing, environmental
oversight, general business development and agri-business. These agencies are shown in Appendix V: Business
Development Agencies.
1.4.4 Legislative Environment
The environmental laws applicable in Trinidad and Tobago are listed on Appendix VI: Key Environmental
Legislation. They apply to the areas of biodiversity and ecosystems, water quality, environmental management, air
quality and noise pollution, forests, climate change, land management and space, renewable energy solid waste
and tourism. None of these laws address enterprise development (nor MSEs in particular) involved in
environmental and green sector.
1.4.5 Fiscal Measures
At present there are limited measures in place to directly support green enterprises in Trinidad and Tobago whose
core activity is greening. Nevertheless, there is the Green Levy of 0.1% on all companies’ gross sales which is used
for creating the Green Fund (currently at TT$3 billion), a fund used for enabling grants to community groups and
organisations primarily engaged in activities related to the remediation, reforestation and conservation of
environment; and for incidental work conducive to the attainment of aforementioned work. Since establishment
of the Fund in 2001, approximately 13 organisations have received funding which has totalled no more than 5% of
the value of the Fund. The Fund is not available to the profit oriented private sector involved in similar work.
Apart from the Green Fund, there are tax concessions for encouraging the use of energy efficiency (not for
supporting green enterprise development per se). These incentives are outlined on Appendix VII: Fiscal Incentives
for Greening in Trinidad and Tobago. These have not had the desired effect because the incentive does not offset
the subsidy on non-renewable energy.
Financing Facilities for Green Business
In addition to the aforementioned measures, there are several funds which exist for funding activities in economic
greening, environmental management and sustainability. In addition to these specific funds, there are multipurpose funds, which, though not specific to green enterprises, also represent a source of funding for such
enterprises.
Sources of Finance for Green Enterprises
Environmental Funds
The Green Fund


Ministry: MEWR
Currently valued at TT$3 billion; funded by the taxes
12



Environmental Trust Fund



Usage: Disbursements made to non-profit community groups and
organisations (NPOs/NGOs/CBOs) engaged in environmental remediation,
reforestation or conservation.
Restrictions: Private sector companies are not eligible for grants from the
fund.
Grants may be disbursed smoothly within 3 months after applying;
nevertheless, many applicants find the application process lengthy and
complicated.
Ministry: MEWR, managed by EMA
Allocations to the Fund arise from annual appropriations from the
Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, EMA permit application
fees and fees for services rendered and international grant funding and loan
funds.
Usage:
a. Incentive measures for reducing environmental pollution.
b. Demonstration projects of innovative technologies toward the
reduction of pollution.
c. Emergency Response Activities including remediation of degraded sites.
d. Public awareness and education programmes in environmental
protection and natural resource management issues.
Multi-Purpose Funds
Community Development
Fund
Ministry of Community Development
Ideas to Innovation (i2i)
Competition
Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development
Micro Loan Facility
Ministry of the People and Social Development
Research Development
Facility
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Investment
See Appendix VIII: Multi-Purpose Funds in Trinidad and Tobago.
There are also plans to establish an Enterprise Investment Fund (EIF), managed by the MOLSMED. The EIF will be a
project-based funding mechanism that aims to support MSEs through public-private partnerships with non-MSE
intermediaries. The Fund’s eligible projects include those that provide business development services (training)
and technology services (ICT upgrade) to the MSEs, among others.
13
2. PRIORITY SECTORS FOR GREEN MSE DEVELOPMENT
The following sectors have been identified as key areas for the development of MSEs in the green economy:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Waste management
Construction
Tourism
Creative industries and fashion
Energy
Agriculture
2.1 Greening Waste Management
At present Trinidad and Tobago has notable challenges in the area of waste management. See Box 1: Facts on
Waste Generation in Trinidad and Tobago. The chief challenges of MSE involvement in the sector are:
i.
Inadequate funding for waste management activities and in low compensation for activities along the
value chain
Undeveloped value chain waste collection industry
Lack of knowledge in how to deal with different kinds of waste.
The absence of relevant health and safety standards within the waste collection activity
ii.
iii.
iv.
Box 1: Facts on Waste Generation in Trinidad and Tobago7
 50 million plastic bottles per month

1 million glass bottles per month

Each person accounts for 2.2 kg of waste per day

95 % of all domestic waste ends in landfills in Trinidad. 8 The landfills are already past full capacity and
should have been terminated in the 1980s

According to SWMCOL the life of a landfill is 20 years, while most landfills in Trinidad and Tobago have
been in operation since the 1960s

It is estimated that up to 40% of waste in Tobago is recyclable. 9

Two-thirds of all waste is from households. Up to 80 % of all household waste is recyclable.

There is no official system for managing hazardous waste. These include batteries, fluorescent lights,
needles, cell phones, radios, computers and televisions.
Community-Based Environmental Protection and Enhancement Programme (Trinidad and Tobago) Company
Limited (CEPEP)

7
Attempts have been made to establish a waste management system through the CEPEP (established in
Taken from Trinidad Express (April 5, 2012) NGO Fishermen and Friends of the Sea www.ffostt.com.
The landfills are located along the Beetham Highway near Port of Spain, Forres Park in southern Trinidad and Guanapo, obtained from
Minister S. Rambachan, Minister of Local Government. An additional landfill in Guapo, Point Fortin, is managed by the Point Fortin Borough
Council through a sub-contracting agreement. There is one landfill located at Studley Park, Tobago.
9
Akili, K., Eco Industrial Development Company, Tobago (E-IDCOT)
8
14
2007 and currently managed by the MEWR).

CEPEP employs between 7 and 10 thousand low-skilled workers. There has been the intention to train
employees in various areas including agriculture.

Roadside workers earn up to $200 per day while contractors may earn up to $10,000 per month.
2.2 Greening the Construction Industry
Greening of the construction sector encompasses a wide range of activities. Each is geared towards some
aspect of resource efficiency, waste reduction from the building, respect for ecosystems surrounding the site
of construction and health and safety of human occupants. These translate into four (4) classes of business
activity:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Planning, site selection and building design
The assessment of biological and other impacts
Audit and assessment of resource usage (e.g. water, energy, air and materials)
The disposal and management of building waste, that is, threefold waste generation
a. Waste arising from the construction activity
b. Waste generated during the life of the building
c. Disposal of the building itself as waste material post usage
The main challenges of MSEs in the green construction industry are:
1.
a.
b.
The general lack of awareness of green construction by both the MSEs and the wider public and a
consequent lack of interest in standards, standardisation and certification
2. The cost of individual certification is often considered formidable for:
Individuals seeking green certification and
MSEs in the construction sector that seek to build capacity for green construction, design, management and
disposal
3. The wider public often does not respect the premium that green construction carries because of a failure
to understand the lifecycle approach to products and services
4. A general lack of financial support for inventors and innovators in the area of green construction materials
Box 2: Facts on Construction and MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago
MSEs in Construction
Between 1,000 and 1,800
12% of all MSEs
No. MSEs of all construction
77%
cos. (%)
Construction Industry Estimated 5%
Contribution to GDP
Generally carried out in
No
environmentally sustainable
manner
Contribution to environmental Not yet quantified. However, when not carried out sustainably, construction
degradation
represents both a significant contribution to waste and a massive depletion of
the quantity and quality of natural resources including land, water and
ecosystems.
15
Standards
Standards exist. They include
 ISO 14000: Environmental Management
 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification
 EMAS standard originating in the European Union
2.3 Greening the Tourism Industry
Tourism represents a nexus for a wide range of economic activities. These are illustrated on Chart 2: Green
Activities in the Tourism Industry. At present the Ministry of Tourism recognises the Green Globe 21 certification
for lodging in the tourism sector. MOLSMED will begin with enterprises registered with the Small Tourism
Enterprise Project (STEP), TDC, of the Ministry of Tourism. STEP applies to lodging up to 75 rooms, tour guides and
tour operators and taxi operators.
Figure 1: Green Activities in the Tourism Industry
Improved
Waste
Management
Energy
Efficiency +
Renewable
Energy
Organic
Agriculture
and Agro
Tourism
Sustainable
Building and
Construction
Sustainable
Transport
Sustainable
Tourism
Sustainable
Creative
Industries
The main challenges to going green in the tourism can be outlined as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The absence of training support for new and existing businesses in the tourism sector towards going
green
The absence of certification and standardisation of green products and services within the tourism
industry
The cost of acquiring certification for green products and services within the tourism industry
The absence of customer awareness regarding the value of green products and services within the
tourism industry
16
Box 3: Facts on Tourism and MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago
Contribution to GDP
Approximately $6 billion or around 3% of GDP.
Contribution to Labour (direct) An estimated 31,500 jobs or 5.2% of total employment.
Contribution to Labour
$12 million or 7% of GDP
(indirect)
9% of the labour force.
MSE Involvement
Tourism includes:
Distribution of tourist-related goods and services
Personal services
Transportation, communication and storage
MSEs in tourism sector
No accurate data. Estimates: 10
Distribution of tourist-related goods and services: 64.2%
Personal services: 71.2%
Transportation, communication and storage: 51.6%.
Impact of Tourism Upon the
Significant: If left unchecked, tourism can lead to lasting environmental and
Environment
natural resource degradation. For instance, air, road and rail transport are
continuously increasing in response to the rising number of tourists, producing
excessive CO2 emissions and air pollution. Tourism has also been linked to
disruption of ecosystems.
Standards
Several standards exist for greening in the tourism industry. Global Sustainable
Tourism Council and its Americas branch office, the Sustainable Tourism
Network of the American recognises several regional and regionally recognised
standards. These include:
 United States-based Green Globe 21 (already adopted in Trinidad and
Tobago by Ministry of Tourism)
 Blue Flag for beaches designation of the Foundation for Environmental
Education
2.4 Greening the Creative Industries and Fashion
The creative industries in Trinidad and Tobago refer to a wide range of activities that use creative talent in the
areas of the performing, visual arts and fashion and artisanal work. See Chart 3: The Creative Industries. In this
Policy, greening of the creative industries refers primarily to reducing the carbon footprint of the sector.
It has been established that creative industries have enormous potential for alleviating poverty and addressing
social needs precisely because of the high level of involvement by micro and small enterprises, especially in
developing countries. Creative industries have also been targeted by state for diversifying the domestic economy.
Trinidad and Tobago has a well-established heritage; with a vibrant community of artists and practitioners
operating across a multitude of fields. In 2012, the majority of businesses operating within these sectors are
MSEs11 operating in the creative sector are informal companies 12 or employ informal labour. See Box 4: Facts on
the Creative Industries in Trinidad and Tobago.
There are many opportunities for greening of the creative industries. These include
10
Central Statistical Office survey of businesses
and Creative Industries (Building Competitive Advantage: Six Strategic Business Clusters and Enablers, 2012)
12 Of the twenty-five (25) businesses that participated in the survey, at least seventeen (17) are likely to be classed as MSEs. Eight (8) of these
companies also indicated that they were operating individual proprietorships.
11 Culture
17






Identification of suitable areas for special creative activities that need space for “upcycling” and “cradle to
cradle” activities. Suitable locations should take into account geological factors, risk of contaminating
water, capacity and the proximity to other man-made facilities and amenities.
Reuse of waste for transformation into artistic commercialisable forms
Sustainable waste disposal related to cultural and/or creative activities
Use of indigenous, natural and sustainable materials to create commercialisable alternatives to nonsustainable ones where the end product is deemed artistic or creative output
Development and review of accepted or acceptable health and safety standards (H&S) for workers within
involved in creative sector work
Training or retraining of MSEs in any of the aforementioned activities
Figure 2: Creative Industries
Carnival
Broadcasting
Fashion
Literature
Dance,
Theatre and
Visual Arts
Music
Film
The main challenges for greening the creative industries include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A general lack of awareness of the potential for environmental sustainability in creative industry work
The general lack of green innovation and invention in the creative industries
A lack on incentives (incentives and disincentives) for reuse of specific elements of creative waste, e.g.
carnival costumes, Hosay waste tajas and cultural artefacts such as candles and propitiation items related
to religious festivals
Lack of health standards for workers in creative industry work
Lack of green standards for site selection for creative industry activities
18
Box 4: Facts on Creative Industries in Trinidad and Tobago
Contribution to GDP
At least 5% to GDP.13
MSEs
Unknown, estimated to be high
Employment
Estimated to employ 10,854 people14 (number is highly underestimated)
Measuring contribution by copyrights alone, 4.8% employment (direct) 15
Trend
Value of creative goods rose from $15.6m in 2004 to $17m in 2008, constituting a
growth rate of 9%16.
Standards and
There are no broad international or regional standards for creative industries.
Certification
There are, however, fair trade labels.
The principles of the fair-trade movement are provided in Box 4.1.
Box 4.1: Fair Trade Principles
Creating opportunities
Inclusion of individuals of traditionally marginalised and/or disadvantaged producers
for peripheral producers
for uncovering opportunities and for self-governance and democractic decisionmaking.
Transparency and
Transparent management of workers so that they have a voice in commercial
accountability
relationships, including pricing.
Capacity building
Fairtrade mean working with producers to develop their independence,
management skill development and their access to new markets
Fair pricing
Fairtrade emphasises social dialogue for fair pricing so that both producers benefit
from a price that they deem adequate. Fair Traders works to ensure prompt
payment for goods and services and the pooling of resources to give producers
access to finance, especially in down-time (out-of-season). It lends itself to the
cooperative model.
Gender equity
Fairtrade means that men and women are treated with equity and empowered
where necessary.
Working conditions
Fairtrade means that work conditions are safe and healthy and conform to relevant
UN Conventions in the local and international context.
The environment
Fairtrade activities try to be environmentally sustainable and carried out in a
sustainable manner.
2.5 Greening the Energy Sector
The main challenges facing MSEs in green business in the energy sector are:
13 WIPO
Studies on Economic Contribution of the copyright Industries (2012), World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
Creative Industries Sector Survey, Trinidad, (January 2012) National Training Agency
15 WIPO Studies on Economic Contribution of the copyright Industries (2012), World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO
16
Culture and Creative Industries (Building Competitive Advantage: Six Strategic Business Clusters and Enablers, 2012)
14
19
1.
2.
3.
4.
The subsidised cost of energy for Trinidad and Tobago discourages the investment in renewable energy
and energy efficient practices.
A general lack of public awareness and information regarding renewable energy, energy efficiency and
access to related goods and services
A general lack of information on energy efficiency and renewable energy within MSEs, especially where
cost savings are concerned
Lack of training in renewable energy and energy efficiency, the absence of standards, standardisation and
training for attainment of certification and the formidable cost of certification for MSEs
Box 5: Facts on Energy Sector and MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago
MSEs in Energy Sector
56.2% of petroleum companies17.
Renewable Energy Cos.
0.0%-0.05%18
Currently, the few companies involved in renewable in Trinidad and Tobago are
micro and small enterprises19
Contribution Non-Renewable
45.3%
to GDP
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago is a serious perpetrator regarding GHG emissions. In 2009,
International Ranking
TT ranked 54th in global GHG emissions and 2nd in both GHG emissions per capita
and per unit of GDP20. This data implies that TT represents an important player
in reducing global GHG emissions, and by extension cutting climate change and
its disastrous effects.
Standards
ISO 50001:2011 (Energy Management System) for energy companies.
The ISO 50001 may be used for better use of energy and setting energy targets
and the development of an energy policy.
ISO 9001 (for quality management)
ISO 1400 (for environmental management).
Since 2007, the USA introduced a renewable fuel standard (RFS2), implemented
in 2010. Its major tenets relate to:
1. Usage of renewable fuels over a horizon through to 2022.
2. Classifying renewable fuels into four (4) separate categories: —total
renewable fuels, advanced biofuels, biomass-based diesel, and cellulosic
biofuels—each with its special volume requirement and standard.
3. Qualifying biofuels according to minimum thresholds of lifecycle
greenhouse gas emission.
4. Renewable fuels which are made from “feedstocks that meet a revised
definition of renewable biomass, including certain land use
restrictions.”21
These rules relate to the United State only. No standards for renewable
fuels exist in Trinidad and Tobago.
17
Computed from CSO (Central Statistical Office) data: No. of employees in various sectors, 2011.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2013
19 Information gathered from meetings with private renewable energy companies in Trinidad and Tobago
20 Statistics obtained from Dr. Donnie Boodilal’s (UTT) research on GHG emissions in Trinidad and Tobago.
21
Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), Schnepf and Yacobucci (March 14, 2013). Congressional Research Service
18
20
2.6 Greening Agriculture and Agro-Processing
The “greening” of agriculture refers to organic farming and other organic food production techniques. Organic
farming is considered green because its farming techniques do not use pesticides, herbicides or other artificial
substances. The farming process is fully natural, which preserves soil and water quality. While the nutritional
benefits of organically grown food over non-organically produced foods have not been clearly established, the
everyday consumer believes that organic produce is healthier. Regarding fishing, greening and sustainability refer
to restricting the use of artificial chemicals and hormones in man-made fisheries, harvesting of healthy fish from
open waters and avoidance of overfishing. The market for organic produce is one of the fastest growing segments
of agriculture in the world today.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC FARMING22






Crop rotation to support the efficient use of on-site resources
Very strict limits on the use of:
 Synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilisers
 Antibiotics for livestock and
 Other food additives, processing aids and other inputs
The absolute prohibition on using genetically modified organisms
The use of on-site resources, such as livestock manure for fertiliser or feed produced on the farm
The use of plant and animal species that are resistant to disease and adapted to local conditions
Free-range livestock and poultry with open-air systems and organic animal feed
The main obstacles to “greening” the domestic agricultural sector are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The lack of awareness regarding the benefits of organic farming and agro processing
A lack of technical skill and the availability of training in organic food production and processing
A lack of development of export markets for domestically grown organic produce
A lack of financial resources available to micro and small landholders and farmers
A failure to operate at international standards
While there is some indication that the market for organic food in Trinidad and Tobago is increasing, the subsector
is not controlled, that is, there are no established organic markets or recognised certified, green enterprises.
Box 6: Facts on Agriculture and MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago
Contribution to GDP
1 % to GDP
Contribution to
22,000 workers23
Employment
MSEs
Sector primarily comprised primarily of MSEs which tend to be farmers working small
landholdings
Importance to Economy
Despite small contribution agriculture is strategic sectors.
For the purpose of food sovereignty, the Ministry of Food Production has identified
legumes and vegetables,24 rabbits, sheep and goats, minor fruits 25 and roots and
other crops.26
22 Source:
European Commission on Agriculture and Rural Development http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/organic/organic-farming/whatorganic_en
23
Central Statistical Office, data as at 2010.
21
Objectives of Ministry of
Food Production
Organic Farming
24 These
i.
Boost both the quality and quantity of output
ii.
Organise the sector to improve entrepreneurship and innovation
iii.
Improve financial viability in domestic and international markets
In May, MEWR and the Ministry of Food Production established an organic fruit and
vegetable farm on 400 hectares of land in Couva
legumes and vegetable category included pigeon peas (cajanus cajun), bodi (vigna unguiculata), black eye peas (phaseolus vulgaris),
seim (lablab niger), pumpkin (cucurbita moschata), dasheen bush, ochro, tomata, sweet corn (zea mays), sweet peper, hot pepper, cucumber
(cucurmis salivas), pak choi (brassica chinensis), melongene and lettuce.
25 The minor fruits are avocado, sucrier bananas, citrus, coconuts, bananas, pommcythere, mango, pawpaw, pineapple, watermelon and minor
fruits
26
Roots and other crops include cassava, sweet potatoes, dasheen, eddoes, plantain, breadfruit and rice.
22
3.
GREEN ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT POLICY FOR MICRO AND SMALL
ENTERPRISES AND COOPERATIVES
3.1 Goal and Objectives
3.1.1 Goal
To create an active, viable green enterprise sector for micro and small enterprises that strengthen economic
diversification in Trinidad and Tobago.
3.1.2 Objectives
The policy’s key objectives are as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
To encourage new micro and small enterprises to participate in the green economy.
To support micro and small enterprises whose core activity is economic greening.
To provide a support system for transitioning micro and small enterprise sector to the green economy.
To encourage various Government Ministries, Department and Agencies to create opportunities green
enterprise development.
e. To facilitate the greening of micro and small enterprises using recognised international standards.
f. To create a system of green certification.
3.2 Key Principles
The following principles guide the current policy and all subsequent actions that extend from it.
a.
Alliances
Alliances with stakeholder partners from the public, private and nonGovernmental organisation (NGO) sectors will be encouraged to advance green
MSEs. This will include both private service provider coordination and
cooperation for common objectives between ministries.
b. Equality and Equity
Absence of discrimination as is consistent with the Decent Work Agenda and
the use of mainstreaming techniques to recognise and reduce/eliminate
disparities affecting vulnerable groups and gender disparities.
c.
The recognition that structures must be established for the accurate and
relevant dissemination of information to all active stakeholders on both on the
environment and resource usage and micro and small businesses involved in
the sector.
Information Availability
d. Innovation
e.
Social concerns
The Green Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Policy will embrace a greater
number of higher value-generating and innovative businesses. Innovation in
this context is not limited to science and technology, but also extends to the
creation and/or improvement of a new product, service, business process or
system that will support sustainable social benefits and/or economic returns.
Integration of the MSE sector into the socioeconomic fabric of Trinidad and
Tobago so that entrepreneurship can be seen as a viable and credible avenue
23
of employment and wealth creation.
f.
Sustainability
The initiatives included in the policy emphasise value creation, thus increasing
the capability and competitiveness of MSEs and their support agencies,
resulting in support for their long term viability and less dependence on
Government involvement.
3.3 Policy Outcomes
Greening will be accomplished via the provision of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.3.1
Establishment of green enterprise network
Technical support and information system
Assistance to MSEs in meeting standards
Green Certification
Incentives for green innovation
Adequate financing mechanisms
Establishment of Green Enterprise Network
The Ministry will work through its programmes and business development services to establish a network of green
enterprise partners, including the International Labour Organization, United Nations Environmental Programme,
other Ministries and social partners.
3.3.2
Technical support and information System
The Ministry will increase the capacity of its direct and indirect business development services (IBIS, FairShare and
NEDCO) to support the greening of MSEs. Where necessary, relationships will be established with specialised local
and international agencies to support technical capacity and information dissemination. Additionally, capacity will
be strengthened for recognising viable green enterprises and business ideas.
3.3.3
Assistance to MSEs in meeting standards and certification
The Ministry will seek to provide information on recognised green standards for priority areas. The training
provided will integrate assistance in meeting standards using international best practice.
3.3.4
Green Certification
Ministry will collaborate with MEWR and other relevant agencies to establish a Green Certification system that
identifies the level or stage of greening at which a business operates, taking into account its inputs, processing and
output.
3.3.5
Incentives for Green Innovation
Greening often entails process of product innovation. This includes the use of biodegradable materials, the
alternative materials and/or the creative of new materials. MOLSMED through its direct and indirect business
development services will therefore assist MSEs in green innovation by:
(i)
(ii)
Supporting local inventors and innovators to commercialise innovative green technologies
Supplying adequate information on intellectual property protection for new green innovation
24
(iii)
3.3.6
Providing assistance for prototyping and standardisation of commercialisable, new green products
and services
Adequate financing mechanisms
MOLSMED will use its programmes and business development services that provide funding to recognise green
and sustainable MSEs and to prefer them over those which operate unsustainably. Also, it will seek preferential
arrangements with funds managed by other ministries and implementing agencies, including the Research and
Development Fund (ExporTT Trinidad and Tobago Limited, MTII), the Innovation Fund (MPSD) and the Green Fund
(the Green Fund, MEWR). In the case of NEDCO, the MOLSMED will establish a seed capital facility that will be
used to invest in these projects using the appropriate type of financing instruments.
25
4.
TOOLS FOR SUPPORTING GREEN MSES
The MOLSMED will support MSEs in the green economy through:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Public information on greening and green jobs
The provision of training in standards of green operations
Certification for green enterprises and green products and services
Green Procurement via the FairShare Programme
Financing the Greening of MSEs
1.1 Public Information on Greening and Green Jobs
The MOLSMED recognises that the demand for and supply of green entrepreneurship, green jobs and for
enterprise greening is partly a function of the lack of relevant information on the sector, opportunities and its
importance to Trinidad and Tobago. Therefore, MOLSMED commits to partnering with the relevant line Ministries
to improve access to quality information on the greening, green opportunities and environmental management in
Trinidad and Tobago.
1.2 Provision of Training in Standards for Green Business Operations
The MOLSMED will use public-private partnerships to introduce green training to MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago.
Similarly, it will seek to align with business development programmes offered by other ministries and the private
sector that target MSEs so that the concept of greening can be introduced. The objective of such training will be
the establishment of standards among green enterprises. Such standards will include health and safety standards
and activities in waste management.
1.2.1
National Integrated Business Incubator System
The IBIS will educate all its clients through generic workshops in green business methods.
It will be proposed that special "Green" Business Incubators be established to encourage full greening of
these businesses. IBIS will also partner with standard-setting organisations both in Trinidad and Tobago
and internationally to identify and assist in the green certification of these enterprises. Additional funding
will be proposed to support the establishment of these businesses to assist with full green certification as
well as for assisting them with achieving viability.
1.2.2
FairShare Programme
The FairShare Programme will use its training component to inculcate green technologies and
mechanisms to its registered MSEs. These will apply to all business activities but will prioritise the areas
listed in 4.2 above.
1.3 Certification and Labelling
MOLSMED will promote certification on two levels throughout its programmes:
1.
Company:
26
This is a holistic certification analysing company inputs (traceability) and international certification for
company processes in efficiency of resource usage. Such standards include the European Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the International Standards Organization (ISO) 14001.
2.
Products
Ecological labelling: Ecolabels are green labels on products, foods and medicines that are meant to facilitate
easy consumer recognition of items that have met approved environmental standards. These are widely used
in the European Union and North America.
a. The use of ecological labels for products (non-edible and non-medicinal). Initial labels will address:
i.
Cleaning products
ii.
Appliances
iii.
Paper products
iv.
Home and garden products
v.
Clothing
vi.
Tourism related activities
vii.
Lubricants.
b. Edible produce and medicines: international health and safety standards (Hazard Assessment and Critical
Control Point (HACCP), ISO22000 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Safety
Modernisation Act) and organic food standards as deployed by the International Federal of Organic
Agricultural Movements (IFOAM)
Where ecolabels do not exist, the MOLSMED will work with the relevant Ministries to develop Trinidad and Tobago
Ecolabels for MSEs’ products and educate the public the importance of branding and eco-labels.
1.4 Green Procurement
MOLMSED will give full support to the implementation of the Green Government Policy that encourages green
procurement from all Government ministries and state board agencies. Green procurement means that all
outsourced goods and services are mandatorily compliant with a certain minimum standard of “greenness”, in
harmony with national sustainable development objectives. This practice should eventually be extended to stateboard agencies and the private sector.
Additionally, MOLSMED will integrate the green procurement policy into the FairShare Programme. The
Programme will be the primary source for Ministries seeking to source green MSEs. Also, the Programme will
identify opportunities for companies that have green certification.
1.5 Financing Mechanisms
a.
b.
The MOLSMED will assist the National Enterprise Development Company Ltd (NEDCO) in developing focal
areas in green business development for financing, technical training and business development.
The MOLSMED will explore international funding for green MSE activities in Trinidad and Tobago in
conformity with its focal areas.
As much as practicable, the MOLSMED will explore financing green MSE activities in the context of public private
project-based partnerships where there is a special purpose vehicle.
27
5.
DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN MSE SECTOR BY MOLSMED
As indicated in the Situational Analysis, MOLSMED will focus on five (5) priority area where green MSE
development can have the greatest and most effective impact, viz:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Waste Management
Construction
Tourism
Creative Industries
Energy
MOLSMED will seek out the expertise for training as well as funding for the development of these priority
sectors with the goal of ensuring that they receive the optimal amount of support.
5.1 Waste Management
The areas of support will be:
i.
ii.
iii.
Waste collection, sorting and transportation (national and international)
Provisions of green waste disposal systems and sorting
Waste repurposing and manufacturing for commercial use
MOLSMED will actively promote waste collection work through several routes, such as collaboration with CEPEP.
Figure 3: Activities targeted by MOLSMED for Supporting MSEs in Waste Collection
Waste
collection/
recovery
Resale to end
user and
waste
generation
Sorting and
cleaning
Re-purposing
(transforming
to reusable
product)
Baling,
transportation
Processing
(cleaning,
compressing,
transforming
Actions of the MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in waste management
28
In order to create a climate for green enterprise development, the MOLSMED will provide the financial and
technical support to MSEs to:
1.
Encourage MSEs to expand its activities along the value chain in waste management to increase their
profitability.
Identify suitable locations for waste collection activities by MSEs by the creation of waste management
incubation for MSEs and the development of cooperative structures to support waste management.
Support training in waste collection activities and standards for MSEs involved in such activities.
Champion the use of H&S standards for all enterprises involved in waste management activities.
2.
3.
4.
4.2 Construction
The areas of support will be:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Sustainable planning in site selection and building design.
The assessment of biological and other impacts in the construction sector
Audit and assessment of resource usage (e.g. water, energy, air and materials)
The disposal and management of building waste, that is, threefold waste generation
a. Waste arising from the construction activity
b. Waste generated during the life of the building
c. Disposal of the building itself as waste material post usage
Providing training and/or international certification related to construction and procurement by
encouraging the adoption of the following standards among all businesses within the domestic
construction industry (EMAS, LEED and ISO 14000; and other standards recognised by CARIRI, the
TTBS or Trinidad and Tobago legal authorities through the granting of intellectual property rights for
new and innovative green technologies)
The adoption of existing green technologies recognised by any other Trinidad and Tobago presiding
authority.
Actions of the MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in construction
The MOLSMED will provide the technical and financial support to MSEs to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Encourage integration of recognised international certification to training and development programmes
related to construction.
Assist MSEs to access green standardisation and certification in green certification for construction
companies such as EMAS, LEED and ISO 14000 or other certification that is considered internationally
relevant and sound.
Partner with the MEWR and the MWI to create an awareness of the life cycle approach to building, i.e.
stimulate demand for green construction by highlighting its longterm cost and environmental benefits.
Offer additional support for inventors and innovators in the areas of intellectual property rights for new
and innovative green technologies, when such technologies are recognised as new and innovative by
CARIRI, the TTBS or legal authorities qualified to recognise new marketable technologies both in Trinidad
and Tobago and internationally
4.3 Tourism
MOLSMED will recognise and support MSEs involved in sustainable tourism activities. These will be defined as:
29
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sustainable transport (both energy efficient and renewable energy based)
Sustainable building and construction related to tourist facilities and lodging
Waste management for tourism facilities or in areas designated for tourism
Energy efficiency and renewable energy
Organic agriculture in the context of agro tourism
Actions of the MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in tourism
The MOLSMED will provide the technical and financial support to MSEs to:
1.
Target incubation and business development efforts to greening of specific tourism related activities
which are in harmony with the TDC development goals. These are:
a. Carnival, Tobago Heritage Festival and other national and/or regional cultural festivals
b. Events related to local cuisine or cuisine in areas frequented by tourists (international tourists)
c. Creative industries where it can be reasonably estimated that products and services are up to
50% destined for tourists and visitors (local and international)
d. Tours to historical sites
e. Natural attractions (especially beaches, rivers, forests and seas)
f. Agro tourism with organic agriculture
Encourage certification of “green” tourism activities. Special emphasis will be placed upon Green Globe 21
and other certification recognised by the Ministry of Tourism and the Tourism Development Company.
Give financial support for certification in the following areas:
a. Green construction of visitor lodging
b. Energy efficiency in tourism facilities
c. Sustainable disposal of waste from tourist facilities
Partner with the Ministry of Tourism and the MEWR to promote customer and business awareness of the
value of going green
2.
3.
4.
4.4 Creative industries
The MOLSMED will support greening of the creative industries in Trinidad and Tobago by focusing upon MSEs that
are characterised by:
i.
Creating indigenous products with Trinidad and Tobago branding
a. The sustainable use of local and indigenous materials
b. Distinguishing goods by Trinidad and Tobago manufacture, giving consideration to
sustainable use (sourcing, production and/or rendering) of local content.
c. Preference for local materials where the import burden and carbon footprint may be
simultaneously reduced.
ii.
Encouraging the adoption of sustainable business practices
a. “Upcycling” to increase the value of reused materials
b. “Cradle to Cradle” design, which considers holistic sustainability throughout a product
lifecycle, have enhanced the perception of environmental consciousness within the context
of enterprise
c. “Emotional Selling Propositions” (ESP) assist in educating the consumer about the respective
brands
30
iii.
4.4.1
Providing information underscoring Fair Trade movement and ethical practices within creative
industries geared towards export. Where applicable, the use of ‘fair trade’ practices in the industry
and fair-trade labelling. For the purpose of Trinidad and Tobago, fair-trade labelling will be
domestically oriented and will serve to assure customers that good and services are produced at
‘agreed upon’, ‘fair prices’ that serve to benefit small producers more directly. It may be linked to the
cooperative movement and structure.
Creative Industries with a tourism orientation
MOLSMED will also support MSEs involved in capacity development and training for the tourism sector in the areas
of: 27
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sustainable management
Socioeconomic impacts
Cultural impact of tourism
Environmental impacts (including consumption of resources, reducing pollution, and conserving
biodiversity and landscapes)
Standard setting for international green standards or recognised local bodies.
Actions of MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in the creative industries
The MOLSMED will focus upon:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reuse of waste for transformation into artistic commercialisable forms
Sustainable waste disposal related to cultural and/or creative activities
Use of indigenous, natural and sustainable materials to create commercialisable alternatives to nonsustainable ones where the end product is deemed artistic or creative output
Training or retraining of MSEs in any of following:
a. Fashion
b. Carnival and costumery
c. Festivals and celebrations including religious festivals (as outlined by the Ministry of Tourism)
and
d. Visual arts
Given the aforementioned, the MOLSMED commits to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
27
Partner with the MTII and the Ministry of the Arts and Multiculturalism to create national awareness of
green and sustainable practices within the creative industries
Develop creative sector incubators for the areas targeted for greening.
Partner with the Ministry of Finance and the Economy and the Ministry of the Environment for developing
fiscal incentives for creative industry practices that are in harmony with greening of the industry
Champion the creation of H&S standards within the creative industries; and to develop and support
FairTrade relationships where necessary
Identify suitable areas for special creative activities that need space for “upcycling” and “cradle to cradle”
activities. Suitable locations should take into account geological factors, risk of contaminating.
Numbers 1 to 4 come from the Global Sustainable Tourism Council
31
6.
Work through business incubators and NEDCO to collaborate with:
 Academic institutions
 Registered associations and idea generation agencies with a track record of work with creative
industries.
4.5 Energy and Transportation
4.5.1
Energy
MOLSMED will support energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago. It will
support the following energy-related activities:
1.
2.
3.
Renewable energy generation
Renewable energy awareness
Renewable energy services (installation, maintenance and education related to renewable energy
facilities and equipment)
Special emphasis will be placed upon the aforementioned in the area of transport.
4.5.2
Transportation
Additionally, MOLSMED will give special emphasis to MSEs involved in sustainable and energy efficient transport.
MSEs in the private sector dominate the transport industry, such as taxis, private buses, chartered transport
services for tours, in addition to transport via boat along inland watercourses particularly for tourism and inland
fishing.
MOLSMED will support private transport encompassing:

Alternative fuels: ethanol, methanol, electricity, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural
gas, liquefied petroleum gas, bio-diesel, hydrogen, or hybrid fuels. MSEs can function anywhere along the
value chain from the production to distribution of these fuels.
Alternate modes of transport, such as bicycles, rickshaws and the like, which can link to tourism-related

Actions of MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in the energy and transportation sectors
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Partner with the MEWR to support public awareness of the need for renewable energy and energy
efficiency, in the wider society
Partner with the MEWR to support public awareness of the need for renewable energy and energy
efficiency within MSEs
Support through incubation services:
a. small enterprises involved in renewable energy production
b. Alternative energy and/or non-fuel based transport systems
c. Training in internationally recognised standards for energy efficiency and renewable energy
Assist in financing the cost of acquiring international certification in energy management
4.6 Agriculture
The MOLSMED will support MSEs involved in:
32
1.
2.
3.
Organic farming (as defined by IFOAM)
Agro tourism in organic farming
Agro-processing using organic produce or other produce recognised to have been produced using
certified sustainable practices
There is some evidence that organic farms employ greater numbers of workers while their produce can sell up to
30% more than non-organic produce.28
Action of MOLSMED to develop green MSEs in agriculture
The MOLSMED will:
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
Partner with the MEWR and MFP to sensitise the population to the environmental benefits of organic
farming;
Provide technical assistance to small and micro farmers and agro-processors through existing and new
incubators facilities where clients are engaged in primary agriculture or agro-processing activities
Collaborate with other ministries to promote opportunities in organic farming especially geared towards
export markets
Provide special financing through financial programmes to support micro and small commercial organic
farming activities
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the Policy is detailed in a separate Implementation Plan for Legislative Landscape, Fiscal
and Funding Measure and Institutional Framework (July 2013).
The current policy must operate within a broader national context. It must be supported by Government
commitment, private sector training institutions, effective funding and an aligned legislative framework. (See
diagram below.)
28
In the United States of America, food labelled as organic can cost up to 30 per cent more than non-organic foods and, in developed countries,
organic farms tend to produce up to 20 % less than their non-organic counterpart farms. Statistics for the aforementioned are not yet available
for Trinidad and Tobago. Datum taken from an investigative article by CBS news: http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-500194_162-2636253.html.
An article from Institute of Food Technologists, Rutgers (2006), Winter and Davis, reports a premium between 10 and 40 %. “The Road to 2020:
Towards Healthy, Humane and Sustainable Food, Farming and Land Use”, Soil Association (2012) United Kingdom.
http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-500194_162-2636253.html
33
Figure 4: Model of Sustained National Greening
Government
commitment
Effective
fiscal and
private
funding
mechanisms
Green and
sustainable
enterprise sector in
Trinidad and Tobago
Facilitative
education
and training
institutions
Strong and
enforced laws
To develop this sort of ecosystem, the Policy depends upon three (3) levels of support:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Level 1: A decision from Government at the highest level to give force to:
a. Green procurement across all ministries
b. Green building processes.
Level 2: The MOLSMED and all activities that fall within its direct purview:
a. IBIS
b. Fairshare
c. The EIF (pending)
Level 3: Entities and agencies providing standards certification across all economic activities
a. Green products and services
b. Qualifications related to greening
These are represented diagrammatically on the following chart.
34
Figure 5: Platforms for Green Implementation
The highest level is the Government’s decision to recognise greening in all activities of all Ministries. The actual
outworking of this will likely be phased and stepwise. Key areas for MSEs are green buildings and green
procurement. This office must operate in tandem with the MPSD, MFE and MEER.
These levels define the following roles for MOLSMED:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leading by example: MOLSMED greening its own operations and programmes
The development of green business incubators (in the 6 target areas) to channel training,
Using NEDCO and IBIS the training and finance greening
The use of Fairshare to support green procurement
The role of other Ministries implies the adoption of Government green initiatives beginning in green buildings and
green procurement. Specific collaboration will be necessary for line ministries dealing with the six (6) key areas
highlighted by the MOLSMED for green MSE development. The main ministries and private sector stakeholders
and listed as follows:
Area
Tourism
Construction
Government
Ministry of Tourism
Ministry of Works and Infrastructure and Ministry of Housing
35
Energy and transport
Creative industries, carnival and
fashion
Waste Management:
Agriculture
Other
Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs
Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Arts and Multiculturalism
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Investment
Ministry of Local Government
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Tourism
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Investment
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills Training
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Communication
36
7.
CONCLUSION
The National Green Enterprise Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises and Cooperatives (2013-2016) is a decisive
move from the Government of Trinidad and Tobago in the direction of sustainable development through
diversification by including the private sector at its most granular level. It is designed to provide a framework for
the activities that will be targeted by MOLSMED for greening while providing guidance on the mechanism for such
support. The present policy document is therefore supported by its Implementation Plan, Communications Plan
and Monitoring and Evaluation Plan which are also available from the Ministry of Labour and Small and Enterprise
Development.
Figure 6: Framework for Implementation
INTERMINISTERIAL
COMMITTEE:
MOLSMED; MPSD; MEWR;
MLA; THA
GREEN WORKING GROUP
Composition dependent 6
areas selected for greening
TECHNICAL GROUP 2:
TECHNICAL GROUP 1:
All Ministries: Formal and NonFormal Education
TEST & Ministry of Science and
Technology
Innovation, Research and
Development and Certification
COMMUNICATIONS:
Public Sensitisation of green
issues
In order to implement and manage the policy and its ensuing programmes the Ministry will rely upon the support
of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, the Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development,
the Ministry of Legal Affairs and the Tobago House of Assembly as key policy drivers. These will comprise the
Implementation Committee. Other line Ministries and their agencies will support depending upon the area of MSE
development under focus; these will comprise the Green Working Group. Two technical groups will handle 1) the
formal and informal education systems and 2) innovation and green technologies. A separate unit will be charged
with interministerial and national communications regarding green business. The proposed structure is shown on
Figure 6. The Ministry recognises that the greening of the MSE sector is best rolled out in the context of a national
green movement. This is the approach that will be adopted as much as possible.
The National Green Enterprise Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises and Cooperatives recognises the value of the
environment and sustainability in Trinidad and Tobago and the role of the private sector, focusing upon the micro
and small enterprise sector. The policy not only charts the course towards a green economy but promises to do so
in harmony with the tenets of decent and dignified work.
37
8.
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Overview of Institutional Landscape for Greening in Trinidad and Tobago
Area
Overview and Key Players
Policy Development
and Legal Review
This comprises exclusively of Ministries and government agencies. While all
Ministries are involved, the key ones are perhaps the Ministry of the Environment
and Water Resources, the Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development, the
Ministry of Food Production, the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of Energy and
Energy Affairs, the Ministry of Legal Affairs, the Ministry of Works and
Infrastructure and the Ministry of Tobago Development.



Awareness and
sensitisation
Under the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources, the
Environmental Management Authority (EMA) and the Institute of Marine
Affairs (IMA) have crucial functions. 
Under the Ministry of Tourism, the Tourism Development Company (TDC)
has an important implementation role
For water and energy management, the Regulated Industries commission
(RIC) is the enforcing and implementing agency.
The agencies and their respective awareness areas are listed below:








EMA :freshwater resources
IMA : marine resources
Forestry Division (Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources):
environmentally sensitive areas and species. 
The Bureau of Standards: standards
The Green Building Council: standards in the construction subsector
The Tourism Development Company (TDC) : tourism and accommodation 
The Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs, Powergen and Trinidad and
Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC): energy-related matters
Solid Waste Management Company Limited (SWMCOL) : waste
management
38
Training in
“greenness”





Premier Quality Services Limited (PQSL): assists buildings in obtaining
energy certification and provides training for individuals for receiving
energy auditor certification. Other institutions that offer similar services to
PQSL are Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business, Caribbean Institute
of Quality (CIQ), School of Business and Computer Science (SBCS) and
Caribbean Industrial Research Institute, CARIRI. 
Trinidad and Tobago Green Building Council (TTGBC): provides training for
receipt of energy audit certification for individuals and training for
individuals in architectural and civil engineering for Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design (LEED), US standard introduced in 1994 by
Green USA Business Council
Ministry of Tourism through TDC : provides certification of tourism
activities, through the STEP programme
Degree and short-course programmes in environmental management,
energy efficiency and other related areas, under various tertiary education
institutions including but not limited to the University of the West Indies
(UWI), University if Trinidad and Tobago (UTT) and the School of Business
and Computer Science (SBCS). 
Other service providers such as small businesses offer training in
sustainability related areas. 
Technical support and
consultancy
This area is typically dominated by the private sector, and consists of numerous
NGOs, NPOs and private, for profit consultants offering technical assistance and
consultancy services in environmental and sustainability affairs.
Financing
Grants




Green Fund (MEWR) and Small Grants Programme (UNDP) for communitybased organisation and non-governmental organisations
Environmental Trust Fund (EMA)
Community Development Fund (MOCD)
Innovation fund (i2i) (CCI)
Loans



Commercial banks
Credit unions
Other commercial lenders
Equity
Environmental
oversight

Venture Capital Incentive Programme






Environmental Management Authority (MEWR)
Institute of Marine Affairs (MEWR)
Forestry Division (MEWR)
Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs
Ministry of Housing
 Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Works and Infrastructure 
39
Implementation
The Government has implemented programmes which meet some of its greening
objectives, including the following:



Community-based Environmental and Enhancement Programme (CEPEP):
focuses on the environmental protection, enhancement and
beautification, and has been operational since 2002.
Unemployment Relief Programme (URP): provides short-term employment
to citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, designed to enhance the
entrepreneurial skills of individuals and community groups, and to assist in
the delivery of small-scale projects in various communities. These smallscale projects may be geared at addressing environmental and
sustainability matters. 
Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management (ODPM): concentrates
on
building national
Disaster Risk Management and
Climate Change Adaptation capabilities with our partners and
coordinate response and recovery operations in order to protect the
people, environment and economy and ensure a disaster resilient nation.
In addition to the above, the private sector (NGOs, NPOs, CBOs and for-profit
businesses) also has programmes with meet environmental and sustainability
objectives.
40
Appendix II: MOLSMED Programmes for MSE Development
The FairShare Programme is a set-aside programme for MSEs in Trinidad and Tobago managed by the Enterprise
Development Division of the MOLSMED. The Programme provides procurement opportunities up to $1 million for
qualifying MSEs and co-operatives and aims at promoting the development of MSEs and assisting their holistic
capacity development. The FairShare Programme manages an electronic database of MSEs and opportunities, and
operates across an electronic platform. It also provides routine training to all registered MSEs in any area deemed
important to successfully developing the MSE sector. Cabinet reiterated its approval of the FairShare Programme
in 2011. The FairShare Programme is supported in the revised procurement legislation (which is currently under
review by a special parliamentary committee). The legislation also indicates that the environment be considered in
public procurement. It therefore makes some reference to green procurement.
The National Integrated Business Incubation System (IBIS) is a programme developed by the Ministry of Labour
and Small and Micro Enterprise Development (MLSMED) that aims to provide a unique mix of business
development support, infrastructure and operational and financial support to assist the growth and success of new
and existing micro and small enterprises (MSEs). IBIS provides approximately 6 months of training through
workshops, seed capital up to $40 thousand and facilities for operation with mentorship for 2 to 3 years. Cabinet
granted approval for IBIS in August, 2011 and the project began in October 2011. The National Entrepreneurship
Development Company Limited (NEDCO) is responsible for implementing IBIS.
41
Appendix III: Resources to be Used for Environmental Sustainability







Coastal and marine resources (including coral reefs, animal habitats and human livelihoods),
Freshwater resources
Land resources (and the land itself, vis-a-vis erosion, landslides and soil quality, with the associate
problems of quarrying, shifting agriculture, urbanisation, deforestation and squatting)
Energy resources
Tourism resources
Biodiversity resources
Transportation (improved transport infrastructure and the mixing of fuels)
APPENDIX III: TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
POLICY AREA AND POLICY
Climate Change
Ecosystems and
Wildlife
The National Climate Change Policy (2011) outlines the steps needed for Trinidad and
Tobago to progress along a low carbon-path development.
The National Environmental Policy ((2006) edited in 2009) looks at the impact that
economic, social and ecological changes are having upon the natural environment. The
policy defines environmental conservation by defining environmentally sensitive areas,
species, invasive species and vulnerable forests, wetlands, and coastal areas as well as
water, mineral and energy resources.
The Draft Wildlife Policy (2013) supplements the National Wetlands Policy (2002),
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2001) and the National Climate Change
Policy (2011). It stresses the importance of sustainably managing terrestrial gaming and
ecotourism related to indigenous wildlife and the protection of flora and fauna from
invasive species, especially entering from ports. The policy’s subsequent laws define which
wildlife species are protected and which are gaming animals and it states the specific
gaming seasons. The policy articulates with the National Biosafety Framework Project
(2007?) in that it echoes the intention of distinguishing between natural animals and
plants and those that are genetically modified, with a view to assessing what impact these
can have upon domestic ecosystems before introducing them to the domestic system.
Limitations exist in the Wildlife Policy and the laws with which it articulates: the
Conservation of Wildlife Act (1958) and the Fisheries Act restrict the policy's applicability
to freshwater fish, shellfish and marine mammals, which are considered freshwater fish in
existing legislation. Additionally, special licences are needed for hunting on state lands but
not for private lands. Finally, while Trinidad and Tobago is also a signatory to Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) all enforcement
mechanisms appear to be weak.
The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2013) proposes a strategy for
sustainably utilizing Trinidad and Tobago's biodiversity in the context of socioeconomic
development.
National Protected Areas Policy (2011) recognises certain areas as important tools for
achieving environmental sustainability.
Resource
Management:
The Integrated Water Resources Management (2005) focuses upon the nation's
freshwater resources with an aim to manage it so as to improve or maintain its quality
42
Water, Land and
Trees
while supporting both human development (socio-economic) and natural eco-systems.
The policy underscores the importance of maintaining quality groundwater, restoration of
the same via reforestation, the introduction of a strong “polluter pays” principle deployed
through CECs and EIAs.
National Spatial Development Strategy (2012) provides the framework for decisions about
the ways land will be used and developed over the next decade. It prioritises space for
food security (agriculture and fisheries), sustainable use of natural resources, managed
landscapes, culture, sport and recreation, sustainable transport, energy efficiency and
waste management.
The National Forestry Policy (2011) places emphasis upon the function of forests in
reducing greenhouse gases. The policy objectives are the optimization of the use of forest
resources for supporting livelihoods (related to cultural activities including religion while
ensuring sustainable extraction of timber and use of wildlife), the protection and the
enhancement of the natural productivity of forest ecosystems.
CulturoEnvironmental
Assets, Eco- and
Agro-Tourism
The National Tourism Policy (2010) is the only policy that speaks directly to the role of
business activities to the economy of Trinidad and. Some emphasis is placed upon ecoand agro-tourism.
Waste Management:
Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle
An Integrated Solid Waste/Resource Management Policy for Trinidad and Tobago (2012)
sets out the foundation for effective nationwide waste management. It revolved around
waste prevention and minimisation, awareness promotion and stakeholder involvement
and collaboration. It proposes a system of incentives and disincentives to encourage
prudent waste management. These include a deposit-refund system, institutionalised buyback systems and disposal bans. The policy recognises six (6) categories of waste.
Appendix III: Table 2: Policies and Related Laws
Related Policy
National Biodiversity Strategy (2001)
Legislation
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Rules (2001)
Plant Protection Act (63:56) (2001)
Marine Areas (Preservation & Enhancement) Act (Chap
37:02) (revised in 2011)
Integrated Water Management Policy (2005)
Water and Sewerage Act (Chap 54:40) (2006)
Regulated Industries Commission Act (Ch. 54:73)
(updated 2011)
Also related to the National Renewable Energy Policy
(2011)
Water Pollution Rules (2006)
43
National Environmental Policy (2006)
Environmental Management Act (2001, revised in 2009)
Miscellaneous Taxes Act Ch. 77:01 (updated in 2011)
Related to all other environmental policies, including
National Biodiversity (2001)
Water Management (2005)
Certificate of Environmental Clearance Rules (2001)
Draft Air Pollution Rules (2010)
Noise Pollution Control Rules Ch 35:05 (Under the
Environment Management Act (2000)
Tobago House Of Assembly Act (Ch 25:03) (updated
2011)
National Tourism Policy (2010)
Chaguramas Development Authority Act (35:02) (1995);
National Forest Policy (2011)
Forests Act (Chap 66:01) (revised in 2011)
Agricultural Fires Act Ch 63:02 (reviewed in 2011)
National Climate Change Policy (2011)
Fisheries Act (Chap 67:51) (reviewed in 2011)
DRAFT Renewable Energy (2011)
Finance Act No. 30 (2010)
No policy, but the policy impacts upon draft
Renewable Energy Policy (2011))
Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic Act (Chap 48:50)
(reviewed in 2011)
Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Act (Chap 54:70)
(reviewed in 2011)
DRAFT Integrated Solid Waste/Resource
Management Policy (2012)
Draft Waste Management Rules (2008)
Waste Management Rules contributed to Solid Waste
Management Policy (2012)
Draft Beverage Container Bill (2012)
Litter Act Ch 30:52 (updated in 2011)
DRAFT National
Strategy (2012)
Spatial
Development
Town and Country Planning Act (Chap 35:01) (revised in
2011)
Land Acquisition Act 73 (2001); (See 58:01)
State Lands Act 25 (2006); (See 57:01)
State Land (Regularisation of Tenure) (Act 25 (1998);
(See 57:05)
44
Appendix IV: Institutional Environment
Policy Development and
Legal Review
This comprises exclusively of Ministries and government agencies. While all
Ministries are involved, the key ones are the MEWR, MPSD, MFP, MOT, MEEA,
MLA, MWI and the Ministry of Tobago Development.



MEWR: EMA and the IMA
MOT: TDC
For water and energy management, the Regulated Industries
commission (RIC) is the enforcing and implementing agency.
Environmental
Jurisprudence and Judiciary
The Environmental Commission, a court for environmentally-related litigation.
Conceptualised in 1995, under the Environmental Management Act, the
Environmental Commission is currently guided by the Environmental
Management Act 2000. http://www.ttenvironmentalcommission.org
Awareness and
sensitisation
The agencies and their respective awareness areas are listed below:
 State-led: MEEA; EMA (freshwater resources) and IMA (marine
resources); Forestry Division (MEWR): environmentally sensitive areas
and species; the TTBS (awareness and implementation of international
standards regardless of industry); TDC (tourism and accommodation);
Powergen and T&TEC (energy-related matters); SWMCOL (waste
management)

Private sector: The Green Building Council: standards in the construction
subsector; numerous NGOs
45
Training in “greenness”

Premier Quality Services Limited (PQSL): assists buildings in obtaining
energy certification and provides training for individuals for receiving
energy auditor certification. Other institutions that offer similar services
to PQSL are Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business, Caribbean
Institute of Quality (CIQ), School of Business and Computer Science
(SBCS) and Caribbean Industrial Research Institute, CARIRI.

TTGBC: provides training for receipt of energy audit certification for
individuals and training for individuals in architectural and civil
engineering for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED),
US standard introduced in 1994 by Green USA Business Council

MOT through TDC: provides certification of tourism activities, through
the STEP programme

Degree and short-course programmes in environmental management,
energy efficiency and other related areas, under various tertiary
education institutions

Other service providers such as small businesses offer training in
sustainability related areas.
In March 2011, Trinidad and Tobago has signed on the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (ETTI). 29
Besides stating that the operations of extractive industries must be fully reported, ETTI guidelines hold companies
responsible for the replacement of and/or compensation for negative net effects of their operations.
Environmental restoration (land rehabilitation, pollution control etc.) and social remediation open the way for the
private sector.
29
The ETTI is based in Oslo, Norway. Details of the T&T entrance to ETTI are found here: http://www.tteiti.org.tt/about-tteiti/
46
Appendix V: Business Development Agencies
Technical support and
consultancy
This area is typically dominated by the private sector, and consists of numerous
NGOs, NPOs and private, for profit consultants offering technical assistance and
consultancy services in environmental and sustainability affairs.
Payment for Environmental
Services
Miscellaneous consultants (such as the Cropper Foundation, CANARI and Veni
Apwan etc.) involved in community development.
Financing
Grants
 Green Fund (MEWR) and Small Grants Programme (UNDP) for
community-based organisation and non-governmental organisations
 Environmental Trust Fund (EMA)
 Community Development Fund (MOCD)
 Innovation fund (i2i) (CCI)
 Research Development Facility
Loans
 Commercial banks
 Credit unions
 Other commercial lenders
Equity
 Venture Capital Incentive Programme
Environmental oversight






Environmental Management Authority (MEWR)
Institute of Marine Affairs (MEWR)
Forestry Division (MEWR)
Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs
Ministry of Housing
Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Works and Infrastructure
47
Implementation
The Government has implemented programmes which meet some of its greening
objectives, including the following :



Community-based Environmental and Enhancement Programme
(CEPEP): focuses on the environmental protection, enhancement and
beautification, and has been operational since 2002.
Unemployment Relief Programme (URP): provides short-term
employment to citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, designed to enhance
the entrepreneurial skills of individuals and community groups, and to
assist in the delivery of small-scale projects in various communities.
These small-scale projects may be geared at addressing environmental
and sustainability matters.
Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management (ODPM): concentrates
on
building national
Disaster Risk Management and
Climate Change Adaptation capabilities with our partners and
coordinate response and recovery operations in order to protect the
people, environment and economy and ensure a disaster
resilient nation.
In addition to the above, the private sector (NGOs, NPOs, CBOs and for-profit
businesses) also has programmes with meet environmental and sustainability
objectives.
General Business
Development




Agri-business




The National Entrepreneurship Development Company (NEDCO),
MOLSMED
The National Integrated Business Incubator System (IBIS) and FairShare
Programme, MOLSMED (detailed in Appendix I)
Youth Business Trinidad and Tobago (YBTT)
The Community Development Fund, Ministry of Community
Development
Youth Apprenticeship Programme in Agriculture, Ministry of Food
Production
Youth Training and Employment Partnership Programme (YTEPP)
Various courses offered by tertiary institutions such as the University of
Trinidad and Tobago and University of the West Indies.
Agricultural associations such as Trinidad and Tobago Agri Business
Association and Trinidad and Tobago Association of Small AgroProcessors
48
Appendix VI: Key Environmental Legislation
Area
General laws
Legislation
 Shipping Act (1987): Registration and licensing of ships, matters relating to crews,
safety of life at sea and matters incidental thereto.
 Standards Act (1997): To provide general authority to promulgate standards that
improves environmental performance.
 Minerals Act (2000): Regulation of mining and treatment of matters connected to
mining. This act does not apply to hydrocarbon exploitation.
 Petroleum Act (Chap 62:01) (revised in 2011): To consolidate and amend the law
relating to petroleum so as to make better provision for the exploration for, and the
development and production of, petroleum, and for matters consequential or
incidental thereto.
 Disaster Measures Act Ch 16:50 (updated in 2007): To take prompt measures to
alleviate the effects of a disaster.
 Trade Ordinance (1958): To prohibit or regulate the importation into Trinidad and
Tobago, by creating a “negative list”. The law impacts upon Wildlife Policy (2013)
Biodiversity and
ecosystems
 Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Rules (2001): To provide the EMA the
authority to designate environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) in Trinidad and
Tobago.
 Plant Protection Act (63:56) (2001): Marine Areas (Preservation & Enhancement)
Act (Chap 37:02) (revised in 2011)
To protect and manage Trinidad and Tobago’s marine areas through special steps for
(a) preserving and enhancing the natural beauty of marine areas, (b) the protection of
the flora and fauna of such areas;(c) the promotion of the enjoyment by the public of
such areas; and (d) the promotion of scientific study and research in respect of such
areas.
Water quality
 Water and Sewerage Act (Chap 54:40) (2006): Management of water distribution in
Trinidad and Tobago.
 Regulated Industries Commission Act (Ch. 54:73) (updated 2011): Regulating water
and electricity markets in Trinidad and Tobago.
For a Regulated Industries Commission to perform certain functions with respect to
service providers including the licensing of service providers and making
consequential amendments to related Acts.
Water Pollution Rules (2006)
Environmental
Management
 Environmental Management Act (2001, revised in 2009): To make provision for the
management of the environment within Trinidad and Tobago and the protection of
its natural resources; To establish the Environmental Management Authority (“the
Authority”), an Environmental Trust Fund and the Environmental Commission of
Trinidad and Tobago
 Miscellaneous Taxes Act Ch. 77:01 (updated in 2011): To raise revenue by the
imposition of certain taxes. Related to all other environmental policies, including
National Biodiversity (2001) and Water Management (2005)
 Certificate of Environmental Clearance Rules (2001)
To regulate the process for obtaining a certificate of environmental clearance,
supported by two other pieces of subsidiary legislation being the Certificate of
Environmental Clearance (Designated Activities) Order 2001 as amended and the
Certificate of Environmental Clearance (Fees and Charges) Regulations 2001.
49
Air quality and noise
pollution
 Draft Air Pollution Rules (2010)
To regulate air pollution in Trinidad and Tobago by limiting the release of specific air
pollutants from stacks and non-point sources.
 Noise Pollution Control Rules Ch 35:05 (Under the Environment Management Act
(2000)
 Tobago House Of Assembly Act (Ch 25:03) (updated 2011)
To provide the Tobago House of Assembly legal power to formulate and implement
environmental policies in Tobago.
Forests
 Forests Act (Chap 66:01) (revised in 2011)
The management of forests and forest produce; the regulation of the extraction of
balata gum, the timber industry and designation of forest reserves
 Agricultural Fires Act Ch 63:02 (reviewed in 2011)
To designate a fire season, regulate agricultural fires and appoint of fire control
officers and guardians.
Climate change
 Fisheries Act (Chap 67:51) (reviewed in 2011): To regulate fishing in the waters (all
rivers, whether tidal or otherwise, and to the Territorial Sea of Trinidad and Tobago)
of Trinidad and Tobago.
Land management and
space
 Town and Country Planning Act (Chap 35:01) (revised in 2011): The orderly and
progressive development of land in both urban and rural areas and to preserve and
improve the amenities thereof.
 Land Acquisition Act 73 (2001); (See 58:01)
 State Lands Act 25 (2006); (See 57:01)
 State Land (Regularisation of Tenure) (Act 25 (1998); (See 57:05)
Renewable energy
 Finance Act No. 30 (2010): To provide for the variation of certain duties and taxes
Solid Waste
Tourism
No policy, but the policy impacts upon draft Renewable Energy Policy (2011))
 Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic Act (Chap 48:50) (reviewed in 2011): To regulate of
motor vehicles and road traffic in Trinidad and Tobago.
 Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Act (Chap 54:70) (reviewed in 2011): To establish
electricity commission for Trinidad and Tobago, to enable the commission to
generate and supply electrical energy and for other purposes in connection
therewith.
 Draft Waste Management Rules (2008): Waste Management Rules contributed to
Solid Waste Management Policy (2012)
 Draft Beverage Container Bill (2012)
 Litter Act Ch 30:52 (updated in 2011)
 Chaguaramas Development Authority Act (35:02) (1995)
50
Appendix VII: Fiscal Incentives for Greening in Trinidad and Tobago
Area
Non-renewable energy
Renewable energy
Gradual phasing out of fuel subsidies starting with gasoline. 30 There was a 44
percent increase in the price of gasoline in 2012. Diesel prices have remained
unchanged.
Amendments to Miscellaneous Taxes Act (2011) to support deployment of
renewable energy technologies (as per National Climate Change Policy).
 25% tax credit on solar water heaters, household installation
 There is a conditional duty exemption for solar water heater
manufactures
 150% wear and tear allowance for solar water heaters, solar water heater
plants, machinery and equipment and solar photo voltaic systems
 No VAT on wind turbines
 No VAT and motor vehicle tax on vehicles less than 2 years old which run
on compressed natural gas (CNG)
 No percent VAT on SWH and solar PV Systems
Energy Service Companies (ESCO)
 150% allowance for the design and installation of energy saving systems
by an ESCO
 ESCOs can write off the value of assets in 2 years at 75 percent
depreciation (plant, machinery and equipment acquisition) and 25
percent for wear and tear.
The
Environment
and
Ecosystems Management
To fund environmental projects, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago extracts
the green levy (0.01 percent) from all corporate revenue. The Green Fund is
currently estimated at $2.9 billion TTD. (See Green Fund, below)
See Appendix VIII: Multi-Purpose Funds in Trinidad and Tobago Community Development Fund –
Ministry of Community Development
The Community Development Fund is managed by the Ministry of Community Development (MOCD). The CDF is
allocated funds from Trinidad and Tobago’s national annual budget. The CDF has been apportioned 15 million TTD
in the fiscal years 2013- 2013 and 2011- 2012, and 10 million TTD in the fiscal year 2010-201.
According to the MOCD, "the Community Development Fund was first established 1996 under a Loan Agreement
with the Inter American Development Bank (IABD). The GOTT established the Fund as a bridging mechanism for
tackling poverty and assisting with the delivery of services to the poor and vulnerable population. The following
key objectives were established:
30
As a consequence of the reducing, in October 2012, the price of premium unleaded gasoline price rose to $5.75
per litre, a 44 per cent increase over the previous $4 per litre. Subsidies exist on diesel, $ 1.83, and for super
gasoline, $2.71, with the majority of the fuel subsidy affecting the price of diesel. Prior to the reduction of the
subsidy on premium unleaded gasoline, the total fuel subsidy amounted to an estimated $4 billion TTD per annum.
51
1.
2.
3.
The establishment of an efficient complementary mechanism for delivering basic social services and
infrastructure to the poor, using the initiatives of NGOs, community organisations and other agencies.
Strengthening the institutional capacity of NGOs and community based organisations; and
Increasing beneficiary participation in poverty alleviation efforts."
The Fund may be used to alleviate poverty through activities related to environmentally and energy efficient
sustainable development.
Ideas to Innovation (i2i) Competition - Ministry of Planning and Sustainable Development
The Council for Competitiveness and Innovation (CCI) was founded in 2011 by the Government as an advisory body
for the Ministry of Planning and the Economy. The CCI created the i2i (Idea 2 Innovation) competition as a vehicle
for the development of ideas with commercial potential. This competition represents an investment in the
creativity, potential and ingenuity of citizens of Trinidad and Tobago to conceive new inventions and innovative
projects. In 2012, the first i2i was executed, and a total of 4.7 million TTD was granted to wining projects, with the
most innovative project winning $200,000 TTD. The annual financing available to i2i depends on Trinidad and
Tobago’s national fiscal allocation to the initiative. Innovative, commercially viable projects related to greenness
are eligible for funding.
Micro Enterprise Loan Facility - Ministry of the People and Social Development
The Ministry of the People and Social Development describes the Facility as follows: “The Micro Enterprise Loan
(MEL) Facility, managed by Ministry of the People and Social Development and the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), offers assistance to under-privileged persons who wish to establish a micro business but are
unable to do so due to limited financial resources. This service is administered by various community-based
organisations. [sic.] A maximum loan of TT$10,000 is available.”
Research Development Facility
The Research and Development Facility (RDF) aims to stimulate and support investment in new and advanced
technology and innovation for businesses in the non-energy manufacturing and service sectors. The Facility is
designed for businesses that need to acquire specialised technology or generate new ideas in order to maintain
viability and improve profitability.
The RDF is implemented by the Business Development Company Ltd. (BDC), with the support of the Ministry of
Trade and Industry.
Businesses that intend to pursue research and development projects as an integral component of their strategic or
business plan must meet the following criteria to qualify for funding from the RDF:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Be locally owned and operated.
Operate in the non-oil manufacturing or services sector.
Have been in existence for a minimum period of two years.
Can contribute at least one third of the cost of the proposed project.
Have annual sales turnover between TT$50,000 and TT$5,000,000.
Have investments in non-property assets (e.g., machinery, equipment, working capital, etc.) valued from
TT$50,000 to TT$5,000,000.
Quoted from Government of Trinidad and Tobago: www.ttconnect.gov.tt
52