Alan Brinkley,
American History
15/e
Chapter 20:
The Progressives
1
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Highlights
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2
The Progressive Impulse
Women and Reform
The Assault on the Parties
Sources of Progressive Reform
Crusade for Social Order and Reform
Challenging the Capitalist Order
Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency
The Troubled Succession
Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
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The Progressive Impulse
– Belief in Progress

Varieties of Progressivism
– “Antimonopoly”
– Faith in Knowledge

The Muckrakers
– Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens
3
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The Progressive Impulse

The Social Gospel
– Father John Ryan

The Settlement House Movement
– Jane Addams and Hull House

4
The Allure of Expertise
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The Progressive Impulse

The Professions
– American Medical Association
– National Association of
Manufacturers
Lawyers’ club in New York
(Library of Congress)
5
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The Progressive Impulse

Women and the Professions
– Female-Dominated Professions
Women stenographers
(Library of Congress)
6
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Women and Reform
– Key Role of Women in Reform Causes

The “New Woman”
– Socioeconomic Origins of the New Woman
– “Boston Marriages”

The Clubwomen
– GFWC
– A Public Space for Women
– Women’s Trade Union League
7
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Women and Reform
The Colored Women’s League of Washington
(Library of Congress)
8
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Women and Reform

Woman Suffrage
– Radical Challenge of Women’s Suffrage
– NAWSA
– Conservative Arguments for Suffrage
– Nineteenth Amendment
– Equal Rights Amendment
Suffragist banner
(Library of Congress)
9
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The Assault on the Parties
– Reforming Government

Early Attacks

Municipal Reform
– Middle-Class Progressives
10
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The Assault on the Parties

New Forms of Governance
– Commission Plan
– City-Manager Plan
– Tom Johnson
11
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The Assault on the Parties

Statehouse Progressivism
– Initiative and Referendum
– Direct Primary and Recall
– Robert La Follette

Parties and Interest Groups
– Decline of Party Influence
12
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Sources of Progressive Reform

Labor, the Machine, and Reform
– Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Western Progressives
Triangle Shirtwaist fire
(Library of Congress)
13
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Sources of Progressive Reform
VOTER PARTICIPATION IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, 1876–1920
14
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Sources of Progressive Reform

African Americans and Reform
– W. E. B. Du Bois
– NAACP Founded
15
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Crusade for Social Order and Reform

The Temperance Crusade
– WCTU
– Eighteenth Amendment

Immigration Restriction
– Eugenics and Nativism
16
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Crusade for Social Order and Reform
TOTAL IMMIGRATION, 1900–1920
17
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Crusade for Social Order and Reform
SOURCES OF IMMIGRATION, 1900–1920
18
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Challenging the Capitalist Order

The Dream of Socialism
– Eugene Debs
– “Wobblies”
– Socialism’s Demise

Decentralization and Regulation
– The Problem of Corporate Centralization
– “Good Trusts” and “Bad Trusts”
19
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Theodore Roosevelt and
the Modern Presidency

The Accidental President
– Roosevelt’s Background

Government, Capital,
and Labor
– Roosevelt’s Vision of
Federal Power
– Northern Securities
Company
Theodore Roosevelt in hunting attire
(Library of Congress)
20
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Theodore Roosevelt and
the Modern Presidency

The “Square Deal”
– Hepburn Act
– Pure Food and Drug Act
Advertising The Jungle
(Library of Congress)
21
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Theodore Roosevelt and
the Modern Presidency

Roosevelt and Conservation
– Federal Aid to the West
Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir
in Yosemite
(Library of Congress)
22
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Theodore Roosevelt and
the Modern Presidency
ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND FORESTS
23
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Theodore Roosevelt and
the Modern Presidency

Roosevelt and Preservation

The Hetch Hetchy Controversy
– Competing Conservationist Visions

The Panic of 1907
– Tennessee Coal and Iron Company
24
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The Troubled Succession
– William Howard Taft

Taft and the Progressives
– Payne-Aldrich Tariff
– Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute

The Return of Roosevelt
– “New Nationalism”
William Howard Taft
(Library of Congress)
25
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The Troubled Succession

Spreading Insurgency

Roosevelt versus Taft
– The Progressive Party
26
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Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson
– Wilson’s
“New Freedom”
ELECTION OF 1912
27
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Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

The Scholar as President
– Lowering the Tariff
– Federal Reserve Act

Retreat and Advance
– Child-Labor Laws
Woodrow Wilson
(Library of Congress)
28
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