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Art in Commercial
and Market
Contexts
Artists
Support for Art Making
Consumption of Art
Non-Preservation of Art
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts > Artists
Artists
• Training Artists
• Making the Art
• The Role of the Artist
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts > Support for Art Making
Support for Art Making
• Private Patronage
• The Market
• Tax-Supported Art
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts > Consumption of Art
Consumption of Art
• Using Art
• National Pride
• Museums and Private Collections
• Preservation and Restoration
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts > Non-Preservation of Art
Non-Preservation of Art
• Conflicts
• Rituals
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Appendix
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Key terms
• appropriation Appropriation in the arts is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to
them.
• atelier A workshop or studio meant for an artist, designer, or fashion house
• avant-garde Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.
• charitable organization An organization with charitable purposes only.
• conservation The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.
• conservator A professional who works on the conservation and restoration of objects, particularly artistic objects.
• Copyright The right by law to be the entity which determines who may publish, copy and distribute a piece of writing, music,
picture or other work of authorship.
• Cubism An early-20th-century avant-garde art movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, where objects are
analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form.
• curator A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library,
archive or zoo.
• curator A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library,
archive or zoo.
• curriculum vitae A detailed written account of one's education and experience used to seek positions in academic or
educational environments, typically including academic credentials, publications, courses taught, etc.
• dadaism A cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920,
which involved visual arts, literature (poetry, art manifestos, art theory), theatre, and graphic design, which concentrated its
anti-war politic through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
• engaged attached to a wall or sunk into it halfway
• Enlightenment A philosophical movement in 17th- and 18th-century Europe; the Age of Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason,
emphasized rationalism.
• fresco In painting, the technique of applying water-based pigment to wet or fresh lime mortar or plaster.
• gallerist The owner or operator of an art gallery
• guild A group of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans, particularly in the Middle Ages.
• in-kind (payment or gift) consisting of goods or commodities (as opposed to cash)
• medium a material used by an artist or designer to create a work
• national treasure a person, place, or object that is deemed of great value to an entire nation, usually due to its cultural
significance
• nonprofit An organization that exists for reasons other than to make a profit, such as a charitable, educational or service
organization.
• patronage noun: The act of providing approval and support;backing; championship.
• Preservation The act of preserving; care to preserve; act of keeping from destruction, decay or any ill.
• propaganda A concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
• Qur'an The Islamic holy book, considered by Muslims to be God's message for mankind as revealed to Muhammad.
• Sikh An adherent of Sikhism.
• worldview the totality of one's beliefs about reality
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Robert Mapplethorpe Exhibition
An NEA-funded Robert Mapplethorpe exhibition was labeled obscene and a poor use of taxpayer money by conservative groups.
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Wikimedia. "Robert Mapplethorpe Exhibition." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Mapplethorpe_Exhibition.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
"Garcon a la Pipe" by Picasso
Picasso's "Garcon a la Pipe" sold for, and is thereby valued at, $104.2 million.
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Wikipedia. "Garçon à la pipe." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gar%25C3%25A7on_%25C3%25A0_la_pipe.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Portrait of Catherine de Medici
A well-known patron of the arts is Catherine de Medici, who made a significant contribution to the French Renaissance through her widespread
patronage.
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Wikipedia. "Catherine de Medici.Francois Clouet.." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catherine_de_Medici._Francois_Clouet..jpg View on
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
"Young Hare" by Albrecht Durer
"Young Hare" by Albrecht Durer is an example of art that is realistically rendered.
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Wikipedia. "Durer Young Hare." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Durer_Young_Hare.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The Louvre, Paris
The Louvre museum in Paris was a private collection opened to the public in the 18th century.
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Wikipedia. "Le Louvre - Aile Richelieu." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Louvre_-_Aile_Richelieu.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Goldsmiths' College, London
Goldsmiths' College in London is one example of an art school.
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Wikimedia. "Goldsmiths College main building." CC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goldsmiths_College_main_building.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The Koran at Islamic Gallery British Museum
11th-century North African Quran in the British Museum.
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Wikipedia. "IslamicGalleryBritishMuseum3." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IslamicGalleryBritishMuseum3.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Hannah Hoch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in
Germany.
Hoch's Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, is an example of art resulting from the Dadaism
movement.
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Wikipedia. "Hoch-Cut With the Kitchen Knife." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Giovanni Baglione, Sacred and Profane Love.
Baglione's "Sacred and Profane Love" is an example of a chiaroscuro painting.
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Wikipedia. "Baglione." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baglione.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
20 Interesting Facts about the Sistine Chapel
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is one of the most famous frescoes in the world, and unsurprisingly it's one of Rome's most visited and valued historic
sites.
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Omnia Vatican & Rome. "20_interesting_facts_about_the_sistine_chapel.png." CC BY-SA 4.0 http://www.romeandvaticanpass.com/ View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Sistine Chapel
Detail of Sistine Chapel fresco after restoration.
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Wikipedia. "Vatican-ChapelleSixtine-Plafond." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vatican-ChapelleSixtine-Plafond.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Sistine Chapel
Detail of Sistine Chapel freso before restoration.
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Wikipedia. "Michelangelo Buonarroti 014." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo_Buonarroti_014.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Bayeux Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth—not an actual tapestry—nearly 70 metres (230 ft) long, which depicts the events leading up to the
Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, and culminating in the Battle of
Hastings.
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Wikipedia. "Bayeux hawking." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bayeux_hawking.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Example of an artist studio
Art studios are sometimes called "ateliers. "
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Wikimedia. "Atelier franjo." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atelier_franjo.jpg View on Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
"L.H.O.O.Q. " by Marcel Duchamp
"L.H.O.O.Q. " is an example of appropriation usually deemed acceptable in art.
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Wikipedia. "Marcel Duchamp Mona Lisa LHOOQ." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp_Mona_Lisa_LHOOQ.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The model for the modern art school is thought to be
A) the Rhode Island School of Design.
B) the Art Institute of Chicago.
C) the French Royal Academy.
D) Goldsmith's College.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The model for the modern art school is thought to be
A) the Rhode Island School of Design.
B) the Art Institute of Chicago.
C) the French Royal Academy.
D) Goldsmith's College.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
A piece of writing that explains the motivations behind an artist's
work is known as
A) an exhibition.
B) an artist's residency.
C) an artist's disclaimer.
D) an artist's statement.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
A piece of writing that explains the motivations behind an artist's
work is known as
A) an exhibition.
B) an artist's residency.
C) an artist's disclaimer.
D) an artist's statement.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
With the advent of Cubism and subsequent avant-garde
movements, the role of the artist became one of
A) depicting realistic images.
B) conveying moralistic themes.
C) depicting conceptual and cerebral ideas.
D) accurately decsribing one's surroundings.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
With the advent of Cubism and subsequent avant-garde
movements, the role of the artist became one of
A) depicting realistic images.
B) conveying moralistic themes.
C) depicting conceptual and cerebral ideas.
D) accurately decsribing one's surroundings.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Unlike the patronage of earlier times, art patrons today most often
consist of
A) charitable organizations.
B) churches and religious groups.
C) wealthy kings and royalty.
D) fellow artists.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Unlike the patronage of earlier times, art patrons today most often
consist of
A) charitable organizations.
B) churches and religious groups.
C) wealthy kings and royalty.
D) fellow artists.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The person who manages a gallery, organizes art shows and
sometimes sells art work is known as the ______.
A) dealer
B) consultant
C) curator
D) collector
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The person who manages a gallery, organizes art shows and
sometimes sells art work is known as the ______.
A) dealer
B) consultant
C) curator
D) collector
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Which agency of the United States federal government offers
funding to projects deemed to exhibit artistic excellence?
A) the United State Council for the Arts
B) the Federal Council for the Arts
C) the Congressional Endowment for the Arts
D) the National Endowment of the Arts
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Which agency of the United States federal government offers
funding to projects deemed to exhibit artistic excellence?
A) the United State Council for the Arts
B) the Federal Council for the Arts
C) the Congressional Endowment for the Arts
D) the National Endowment of the Arts
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
A mural depicting themes of social injustice is an example of
A) non-motivated art.
B) motivated art.
C) popular art.
D) decorative art.
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
A mural depicting themes of social injustice is an example of
A) non-motivated art.
B) motivated art.
C) popular art.
D) decorative art.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The phenomenon by which a state derives power from the unity of
those it governs, often through the use of culture and art, is known
as _______.
A) romanticism
B) imperial hegemony
C) patriotism
D) romantic nationalism
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The phenomenon by which a state derives power from the unity of
those it governs, often through the use of culture and art, is known
as _______.
A) romanticism
B) imperial hegemony
C) patriotism
D) romantic nationalism
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The majority of significant museums, such as the Louvre and the
Uffizi, were opened to the public in which century?
A) 18th century
B) 16th century
C) 17th century
D) 19th century
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
The majority of significant museums, such as the Louvre and the
Uffizi, were opened to the public in which century?
A) 18th century
B) 16th century
C) 17th century
D) 19th century
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
What does "preventative conservation" seek to protect art from?
A) damage from temperature
B) all of these answers
C) damage from humidity
D) damage from exposure to light
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
What does "preventative conservation" seek to protect art from?
A) damage from temperature
B) all of these answers
C) damage from humidity
D) damage from exposure to light
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
What does repatriation of Nok art mean?
A) Scientific testing for authentication of age
B) The return to Nigeria of Nok art currently owned by institutions outside
the country
C) Distributing reinterpretations of Nok art to public museums
D) All of the answers
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
What does repatriation of Nok art mean?
A) Scientific testing for authentication of age
B) The return to Nigeria of Nok art currently owned by institutions outside
the country
C) Distributing reinterpretations of Nok art to public museums
D) All of the answers
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Saylor OER. "Art History « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Art-History/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Which cultural tradition values impermanence over acts of
physical preservation?
A) Buddhism
B) Islam
C) Native American traditions
D) Christianity
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Which cultural tradition values impermanence over acts of
physical preservation?
A) Buddhism
B) Islam
C) Native American traditions
D) Christianity
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Patronage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronage
• Wikipedia. "National Endowment for the Arts." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts
• Wikipedia. "Canada Council." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Council
• Wiktionary. "curriculum vitae." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curriculum+vitae
• Wiktionary. "in-kind." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in-kind
• Wikipedia. "Art valuation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_valuation
• Wikipedia. "The Armory Show (art fair)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Armory_Show_(art_fair)
• Wikipedia. "Art auction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_auction#Contemporary_market_structure
• Wikipedia. "International Art Markets." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Art_Markets
• Wikipedia. "Art dealer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_dealer
• Wikipedia. "Contemporary art gallery." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery
• Wiktionary. "nonprofit." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonprofit
• Wiktionary. "curator." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curator
• Wikipedia. "Art dealer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_dealer
• Wikipedia. "Patronage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronage
• Wikipedia. "Catherine de' Medici's patronage of the arts." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de'_Medici's_patronage_of_the_arts
• Wiktionary. "patronage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patronage
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
• Wiktionary. "charitable organization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charitable+organization
• Wikipedia. "Art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art#Purpose_of_art
• Wiktionary. "medium." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medium
• Wikipedia. "Cubism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism
• Wiktionary. "avant-garde." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avant-garde
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Module-2.pdf
• Wikipedia. "Private collection." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_collection
• Wikipedia. "Museum." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum
• Wikipedia. "Frick Collection." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frick_Collection
• Wiktionary. "engaged." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/engaged
• Wiktionary. "Enlightenment." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Enlightenment
• Wikipedia. "conservation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conservation
• Wikipedia. "Teaching Artist." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_Artist
• Wikipedia. "Art school." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_school
• Wikipedia. "Art Education." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Education
• Saylor. CC BY http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Module-2.pdf
• Wiktionary. "guild." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guild
• Wikipedia. "Guru Granth Sahib." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib
• Wiktionary. "Qur'an." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Qur'an
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
• Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//microbiology/definition/preservation
• Wiktionary. "Sikh." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sikh
• Wikipedia. "Art." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art
• Wiktionary. "dadaism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dadaism
• Wiktionary. "propaganda." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/propaganda
• Wikipedia. "Art restoration." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_restoration
• Wikipedia. "New media art preservation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_media_art_preservation
• Wikipedia. "Conservation-restoration." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation-restoration
• Wiktionary. "conservator." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/conservator
• Wiktionary. "fresco." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fresco
• Wikipedia. "Culture of the United States." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States#The_arts
• Wikipedia. "Romantic nationalism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_nationalism
• Wikipedia. "National treasure." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_treasure
• Wikipedia. "Cultural production and nationalism." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_production_and_nationalism
• Wiktionary. "worldview." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/worldview
• Wiktionary. "national treasure." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/national+treasure
• Wikipedia. "Studio." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio
• Wikipedia. "Artist's statement." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist's_statement
• Wikipedia. "Artist-in-residence." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist-in-residence
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Art in Commercial and Market Contexts
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