Environmental Issues and Public Policy
Zoology 446 – Fall 2001
Dr. R. Jan Stevenson
Pick up Course Description/Syllabus
On Desk in Front
Course Purpose and Structure
• Familiarize you with the complexity of
addressing environmental issues
• Lecture/Discussions by leading
Environmental Experts representing a broad
range of disciplines
• Required Readings (Budget Printing – Trowbridge)
• Quizzes & Group Project
Schedule
DATE
Aug. 28
4
Sept.
Sept. 11
Sept. 18
Sept. 25
2
Oct.
9
Oct.
16
Oct.
23
Oct.
30
Oct.
6
Nov.
Nov. 13
Nov. 20
Nov. 27
4
Dec.
LECTURE TOPIC
Introduction
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues: Fragmentation
Human Health Issues
Engineering
Economic Issues
Human Health Issues
Legal Issues
Land Use Change
The Salmon Story
Risk Comm/Stakeholders Involvement
Comparative Risk Assessment
Presentations
Presentations
SPEAKER
Stevenson
Stevenson
Stevenson
Gage
Chou
Voice
van Ravenswaay
Karmaus
Bronstein
Pijanowski
Cooper
Riley
Stevenson
Schedule
DATE
Aug. 28
Sept.
4
Sept. 11
Sept. 18
Sept. 25
Oct.
2
Oct.
9
Oct.
16
Oct.
23
Oct.
30
Nov.
6
Nov. 13
Nov. 20
Nov. 27
Dec.
4
LECTURE TOPIC
Introduction
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues: Fragmentation
Human Health Issues
Engineering
Economic Issues
Human Health Issues
Legal Issues
Land Use Change
The Salmon Story
Risk Comm/Stakeholders Involvement
Comparative Risk Assessment
Presentations
Presentations
NOTES
Discuss Issues
Assign Groups
Issues Reports Due
Assign Issues, Quiz
Quiz
Quiz, Papers Due
Extended Class 5-9
Extended Class 5-9
Grade Calculation
• 20% - Attendance and Class Participation
• 30% - Three Quizzes
• 20% - Group Project Paper
• 30% - Group Project Presentation to Board
– group project evaluations are based on
collective and individual performance
Group Project:
develop a management plan to solve an
environmental problem.
Issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Urban Sprawl
Population
Forest Fires
Water Quality
Deforestation
Hazardous Waste
Desertification
Biodiversity
Hab Fragmentation
Extinction
Global Warming
• Nutrient enrichment of
soils
• Depletion of NR
• Oil Spills
• Erosion
• Eutrophication
• Ignorance
• Pesticides
• Air quality
• Land Use
• Acid Rain
Frameworks (Models)
• Repertoire of Factors to Consider
• Organize and Relate the Factors
• Not mutually exclusive
– Risk Assessment/Risk Management Framework
– Economics, Law, and Ecology Framework
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response
Assessment
Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk Management
Legal Considerations
Social Factors
Public Health
Risk
Risk
Management
Characterization
Decision
Management
Politics
Options
Economics
Modified from EPA 1996
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Management Goals
Human Welfare (Quality of Life)
Economic Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
Human Health
Ecological Health
EPA’s Ten Goals (2001)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Clean Air
Clean and Safe Water
Safe Food
Safe Communities
Waste Management
and Restoration
6. Reduction in Global
Risks
7. Quality Environmental
Information
8. Sound Science, Improved
Understanding, and
Greater Innovation
9. A Credible Deterrent to
Pollution and Greater
Compliance with the Law
10. Effective Management
Sustainability
Preserving natural capital and
economic infrastructure for
the quality of life
of future generations
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Response Assessment
(Is there a problem?)
• Human Health
– Morbidity
– Developmental
Impairment
– Mortality
• Human Health Factors
– Genetic Susceptibility
– Environmental Justice
• Ecological Health
– Biodiversity
– Ecological Integrity
– Designated Uses
• Fishable, Swimable….
– Aesthetics
– Ecosystem Services
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Stressor-Response Relationship
Natural
Acceptable
Clean
ok
Stressor Level
Polluted
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Stressor-Response Relationship
Natural
Acceptable
ok
A
B
Stressor Level
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response Relationship
Observational Approaches
Experimental Approaches
Response Assessment
Quality of Life
Human Health
Ecological Health
Risk Characterization
Diagnosis, Certainty
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Indices of Sustainability and
Restorability
Exposure Assessment
Stressors
Physico-chemical Measurements
Biotic Indices
Human Activities (GIS & Modeling)
Mod. From EPA 1996
Risk Assessment
Stressor-Response
Assessment
Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Risk Management
Legal Considerations
Social Factors
Public Health
Risk
Characterization
Risk
Management
Decision
Management
Politics
Options
Economics
Multiple Lines of Evidence
Modified from EPA 1996
Risk Assessment
Risk Management
Stressor-Response
Assessment
Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Legal Considerations
Social Factors
Public Health
Risk
Risk
Management
Characterization
Decision
Management
Politics
Options
Economics
Modified from EPA 1996
Management Options
•
•
•
•
•
Pollution Prevention
Waste Treatment
Best Management Practices
Land Use Planning
Education
Social Factors
• Environmental Justice
– Race x Economic Status
• Culture & Historical Factors
– Agriculture & Family Farms
– Indigenous People
• Distrust of Government
Legal Considerations
• Legislation
– Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act
– National Environmental Protection Act
– Etc. (www.ag.mich.gov)
• Court Interpretations
– Navigable waters
• Agency Interpretations
– E.g. Ecological integrity
• Property Rights
Economics
•
•
•
•
Ecosystem Services & Value of Health
Cost benefit analyses
Consumer “Green” Power
Selling rations/allowances for CO2 or water,
etc.
• Ecosystem Stability and Recovery versus
Economic Stability and Recovery
• Ecotourism
• International Trade and Equal Protection
Politics
•
•
•
•
•
Budget for Enforcement
Selection of Members for Commissions
Urban sprawl, planning & zoning
Campaign Finance
Well-written laws
Ecological and Human Health
Risk Assessment & Management
Response-Stressor
Relationship
Response
Assessment
Exposure
Assessment
Legal Considerations
Social Factors
Public Health
Risk
Management
Decision
Risk
Characterization
Management
Options
Politics
Economics
Modified from EPA 1996
Management Goals
Human Welfare (Quality of Life)
Economic Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
Human Health
Ecological Health
Schedule
DATE
Aug. 28
4
Sept.
Sept. 11
Sept. 18
Sept. 25
2
Oct.
9
Oct.
16
Oct.
23
Oct.
30
Oct.
6
Nov.
Nov. 13
Nov. 20
Nov. 27
4
Dec.
LECTURE TOPIC
Introduction
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues
Ecological Issues: Fragmentation
Human Health Issues
Engineering
Economic Issues
Human Health Issues
Legal Issues
Land Use Change
The Salmon Story
Risk Comm/Stakeholders Involvement
Comparative Risk Assessment
Presentations
Presentations
SPEAKER
Stevenson
Stevenson
Stevenson
Gage
Chou
Voice
van Ravenswaay
Karmaus
Bronstein
Pijanowski
Cooper
Riley
Stevenson