Art History Slides 24-
Venice, The Dogana And Santa Maria
Della Salute-William Turner
The greatest 19th century landscape painter was the
English artist Joseph Mallord William Turner
whose luminous atmospheric works are
precursors to Impressionism as well as all kinds of
contemporary painterly abstraction. His swirling
of colored light on clouds and water resulted in
abstract paintings. He often illustrated historical
events or literary themes, suggesting ships,
buildings, landscapes, but these were incidental
to the portrayal of atmospheric effects such as
fires, storms, the smoke of battle, and sunsets.
William Turner
Venice, The Dogana And Santa Maria Della Salute
1843
Slide 24
William Turner
Yacht Approaching the Coast
1835-1840
William Turner
Flint Castle
William Turner
The Slave Ship
Francisco Goya
His early works are pleasant views of upper-class Spanish
frivolity, but after a serious 2 year illness left him stone
deaf, his sensibility took a distinctly darker turn. The
French occupation of Spain (1808-14) had two
consequences we take note of today: it spawned the
first tactics of guerrilla war and also produced the first
expressionist art. Goya’s series of 65 etchings
produced in 1810-14, “The Disasters of War,” are
among the most dramatic protests against the insanity
of war ever made. Goya’s work, according to many art
historians, marks the decisive beginning of the modern
age.
Francisco Goya
The Third of May 1808
1814
Slide 25
Saturn
devouring
his son
The sleep of
reason
produces
monsters
No. 4 from the Disasters
Of War
Paul Cezanne
• Paul Cezanne was one of the most influential
figures in modern art taking us into the 19th
century. His most popular genres were still life
and landscapes. He would study a landscape,
painting it several times in different
conditions. He was credited for his theory of
thirds. The most dynamic paintings are ones
where the most important elements in a
composition sit where the division of thirds
intersect on a page.
Mont Sainte-Victoire
Paul Cezanne
1897
Slide 26
Mont Sainte-Victoire 10
Mountains In Provence
(near L Estaque)
Still Life
Curtain Jug And Fruit
Auguste
Rodin
The
Thinker
1879-1889
Slide 27
Impressionism
In 1874, a group of young artists whose work had
been rejected by the stuffy Salon survey that the
Paris art world mounted every year decided to go
it on their own. A local journalist mockingly
called the artists “impressionists,” after Monet’s
painting Impression, Sunrise (1872). The name
stuck.
Impressionism Artists
-Their close examinations of nature were almost like scientists
examining visual phenomena.
-They were the first to take their canvas and go outside to
paint.
-Plein Air- The French term for open air (painting outside.)
-They painted highly colorful, light-filled every day scenes.
They did not use much browns and grays and even used
other colors to create shadows.
-The secret of Impressionism: Marks of pure color placed side
by side to achieve brilliance and luminosity.
-They did not smooth over brush strokes, left forceful strokes
to create dynamic paintings.
Claude Monet
Waterloo Bridge, London, Sunlight Effect
1903
Claude Monet
-His Impression, Sunrise is where the term Impressionism came from.
-First of the artists to work in plein air. Most of his paintings were made outdoors to
capture the brilliance of light and the atmosphere. He sometimes worked on
many paintings of the same thing at once to capture different times of the day and
different weather changes. (The Cathedral in Rouen; Grainstacks, White Frost
Effect; Houses of Paliment, Effect of Sunlight in the Fog.)
-He had many hard years where he barely made enough money for his wife, Camille,
and his children to live. Many times living with other families. As his art started to
be appreciated, he moved to the countryside in Giverny. He eventually bought a
house there and planted a wonderful garden with beautiful ponds and bridges. He
spent the rest of his life painting around his house and gardens.
-He is well known for his painting of his ponds, bridges at Giverny and waterlilies.
(Water-Lily Pond, Symphony in Green; Water-Lilies)
-In his lifetime, he did become famous and was recognized around the world. People
came from all over to rent rooms near Giverny to paint his gardens.
-One of his water lily paintings he did in 1904 sold in 2007 for $36.7 million. The
money did not matter to him, he was more interested in “painting fleeting
moments in nature.”
Monet
1875
Woman with a
Parasol
Claude Monet
1916-1919
Blue Water
Lilies
Slide 28
Edgar Degas
• Degas was obsessed with casual scenes of everyday life,
especially scenes of women at work. He painted milliners,
dancers, café singers, prostitutes, and launderers. Like no
artist before him, his compositions are cropped and
asymmetrical, with the subjects off to the side of the
canvas rather than centered in the middle. By using such
odd, almost nonchalant perspectives, Dega’s pictures
suggest glimpses of the real world. From the mid-1880s on,
Degas was obsessively preoccupied with pictures of female
bathers, usually done in pastel but also rendered with oil
on canvas and prints. Degas is also justly famous for
sculptures made in wax and bronze and usually depicting
dancers, which he would occasionally dress in real outfits
as an experiment in heightened realism.
Edgar Degas
1878
L’etoile
[La danseuse sur la
scene}
(The Star
[Dancer on the Stage])
Slide 29
Mary Cassatt
• The American Impressionist was a lady from Pittsburgh
who lived in Paris. Her specialty: portraits of mother
and child.
• In Susan Comforting the Baby you can observe the way
in which she uses the free Impressionist brush strokes
and unusual compositions found in the work of her
friend Degas to focus on the particularly intimate world
of mother and child. This picture captures the fleeting
moment: out in her carriage to take the air on a
beautiful spring day, the baby has banged her head and
her mother hastens to console her before tears break
out.
Mary Cassatt
Susan Comforting the Baby
1881
Mary Cassatt
1891
The Bath
Slide 30
Edouard Manet
• Although Manet didn’t paint like the Impressionists,
and never exhibited with them, he hung out with
them. He was a real scandal-monger, who could take
conventions of proper behavior and turn them on their
head in the most provocative way. His famous picture,
Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe, caused a scandal when it was
exhibited in 1863. It looked like two fully clothed men
picnicking with two naked women in a public park. In
Manet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, the barmaid looks
bored as she waits for your order; you can practically
hear the hubbub of the crowd at the tables seen in the
mirror behind her. The legs of a trapeze artist dangle in
the top left of the picture.
Edouard Manet
The Luncheon on the Grass
1863
(Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe)
Edouard Manet
A Bar at the Foiles-Bergere
1882
Slide 31
Pierre-Auguste Renior
• Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and
saturated color, most often focusing on people in
intimate and candid compositions. The female nude
was one of his primary subjects. In characteristic
Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details of a
scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that
his figures softly fuse with one another and their
surroundings. By 1883, he had kind of a mid-life artistic
crisis and decided to change his work all around and
start over from scratch. His voluptuous nudes set in
lush summer landscapes, that Renoir is so famous for
represent a new direction in his painting.
Pierre-Auguste Renior
Dance at Le Moulin De La Galette
1876
Slide 31