The Allies Win the War
Lesson 5
A New Kind of WAR
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Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and
airplanes.
Didn’t live in trenches
Bombs dropped by planes destroyed
everything including thousands of civilians
Area covering almost half the world
Fought on two major front, or battle lines
Africa and Europe and the other the Pacific
War in Africa and Europe
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Allies’ battle plan in Europe
• Gain control of the Mediterranean Sea
• Invade Italy
• Defeat Germans and Italians in North
Africa
• September 1943, Italians surrendered.
• German forces kept fighting
D Day
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June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land
invasion in history
General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the
invasion.
American, Canadian, and British troops
crossed the English Channel.
Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in
France
Many troops died, but the invasion was
successful.
Fighting Continues at Normandy
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Allies broke through the German lines
Moved inland, pushing back the enemy
Germans counterattacked at the Battle of
the Bulge in December 1944
American general, George Patton turned
the Germans back.
Patton was the most outstanding general
during the invasion of France.
Russia helps Out
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Also fighting the Germans
Pushed back from the east.
May 1945 Allied troops from the east and
west met near Berlin, the German capital
Learned Hitler had killed himself.
Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945
Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day
End of the War in Europe
President Roosevelt Dies
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Did not live to see the end of World
War II.
Died on April 12, 1945
Vice President Harry S. Truman
became President.
The Holocaust
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Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities
were hated by Hitler and the Nazis.
Put in concentration camps.
Some were used for cruel medical
experiments.
Arrested Jews all over the world.
Mass murdered the Jews, known as the
Holocaust. More than 12 million men,
women, and children were killed. At least
6 million were JEWS.
War in the Pacific
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The Second front of the war.
Japanese troops landed in the
Philippines after bombing Pearl
Harbor.
Forced Americans to surrender
General Douglas McArthur promised
the people of the Philippines, “I shall
return.”
Two years later, he did.
Turning Point
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Japanese seemed to be winning the war.
May 1942, the U.S. navy defeated the
Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Coral
Sea.
In June, American ships sank four enemy
aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway.
Japan’s navy never recovered its losses!
Allies began forcing Japanese from the
lands they had taken over.
Island Hopping
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American plan to take back only the most
important islands on the way to Japan.
Allies bombed Japan from the air to
weaken the soldiers there
General McArthur began his invasion to
take back the Philippine Islands, as
promised.
Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were
bloody and cost thousands of lives.
A Secret Weapon
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President Truman found out former
President Roosevelt had allowed the
development of the Atomic Bomb
The most powerful bomb the world had
ever known.
Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was
ready.
Truman wanted to end the war quickly to
save American lives.
The Sky Explodes
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August 6, 1945, the American
bomber, Enola Gay dropped the first
atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
A flash like an exploding Sun
Mushroom shaped cloud rose from
the city
Killed over 75,000 civilians
Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!
The Second Bomb
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August 9, 1945, the United States
dropped the second bomb on Japan.
Nagasaki.
Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945
V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day.
World War II was FINALLY over!
Over 300,000 Americans dead and over
15 millions other soldiers from other
countries died in the fighting.
Improved Medicine
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Penicillin and sulfa helped fight
infections.
DDT, a new chemical to kill
mosquitoes helped prevent malaria
and other diseases.
A Changed World
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Another world organization of nations
U.S. supported it this time
United Nations was formed in April
1945.
• Goal was to keep world peace
• Promote cooperation among nations
Changes in Technology
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Airplanes became a major weapon.
Drones, planes that flew without pilots
dropped bombs on cities.
Transport planes parachuted soldiers into
battle.
Aircraft carriers launched plans from the
sea.
Antiaircraft guns, special cannons
Radio detection and ranging RADAR, could
located planes and ships in bad weather or
at night.
America, the Strongest Nation
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America became the world’s
strongest nation
Helped other nations rebuild
Trouble on the horizon
• Soviet Union became bitter
• Soviet Union set up a communist
government
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Communism is a system in which all
property is owned by the government.
U.S. Opinion of Communism
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Saw communism as a threat to freedom
Helped support countries in their fight
against the spread of communism.
Hostility, or unfriendliness developed
between the free world and the
communist countries.
Called the “cold war” because it was
fought with propaganda and money
instead of soldiers and weapons.