Cause and Effect Lesson
Dangerous Crossing: The
Revolutionary Voyage of John
Quincy Adams
Unit 3, Lesson 11
Day # 1
Created by: M. Christoff,
Enrichment Specialist, Field Local Schools
Objectives for Today
• Students will identify cause
and effect relationships.
• Students will visualize
events to identify cause and
effect relationships.
Cause
A cause is an
event that makes
something else
happen.
Effect
• An Effect is
something that
happens because
of an earlier event.
Stated Cause and Effect
• The reader can locate
the cause and effect
relationship stated in
the selection.
Implied or Inferred
Cause and Effect Relationships
 The reader must utilize
clues given by the
author to discover the
causes and effects in
the selection.
Why do authors use cause and
effect relationships?
 Authors use causes
and effects to
structure text to help
show relationships
between ideas.
Visualization
• To Visualize is to
use details to form
pictures in your
mind.
Young John Quincy Adams
(Projectable 11.2)
 John Quincy Adams grew up
during the American
Revolution. The battles near
his home caused the local
school to close. In 1778 and
1780, John went to Europe,
Young John Quincy Adams
(Projectable 11.2)
 where he went to French and
Dutch schools. Because of this
education, he spoke French and
Dutch at an early age. In 1781,
when John was only 14, he
traveled with a U.S.
representative to Russia.
Young John Quincy Adams
(Projectable 11.2)
 John was the secretary and
interpreter. After a year in
Russia, John joined his father
in Paris. He helped record the
information at meetings that
led to the end of the
Revolutionary War.
Think Aloud
(Cause and Effect)
• I can see that the fighting had
more than one effect. The
fighting caused John’s school to
close, which in turn, caused him
to go to school in Europe.
Visualizing Causes and Effects
• Understanding causes and
effects can help readers
visualize a story’s events and
how they are related, and how
those events affect the story’s
message or theme.
Think Aloud (Visualization)
• I can visualize John sadly
packing his belongings to
leave school, which helps
me understand the effect
of war on kids.
Use an Inference Map to show cause-and-effect
relationships.
(Projectable 11.2)
Cause:
John’s school
closed due to
fighting.
Cause:
He went to
schools in
Europe.
Effect:
He used his
language skills
to help the
government
and his father.
Cause:
He learned to
speak French
and Dutch.
Cause and Effect Lesson
Dangerous Crossing: The
Revolutionary Voyage of John
Quincy Adams
Unit 3, Lesson 11
Day # 2
Created by: M. Christoff,
Enrichment Specialist, Field Local Schools
Objectives for Today
• Students will identify cause
and effect relationships.
• Students will visualize
events to identify cause and
effect relationships.
Cause
A cause is an
event that makes
something else
happen.
Effect
• An Effect is
something that
happens because
of an earlier event.
Stated Cause-and-Effect
• The reader can locate
the cause-and-effect
relationship stated in
the selection.
Implied or Inferred
Cause and Effect Relationships
 The reader must utilize clues
given by the author to discover
the causes and effects in the
selection.
 They have no signal words
because the cause or the effect
are not directly stated.
Visualization
• To Visualize is to
use details to form
pictures in your
mind.
The Start of John’s Journey
Use an Inference Map to show cause and effect
relationships. (Projectable 11.4)
Cause:
The colonists
needed the
support of other
countries.
Cause:
The soldiers’
supplies were
running low.
Effect:
John Adams was
sent to France.
Cause:
Other
representatives
already in Paris
were making little
progress.
Events of Johnny’s Voyage
Use an Inference Map to show cause-and-effect
relationships. (Projectable 11.4)
Cause:
One of the British
frigates chases
and closes in on
the Boston.
Cause:
The Boston
encounters three
British frigates.
Cause:
A rough storm hits,
and the Boston is
struck by lightning.
Effect:
Johnny and his
father
experience
danger
firsthand.
Think Aloud
(Cause and Effect)
•
The story doesn’t tell how or why
the British ship disappeared, but it
does tell about the effects to the
Boston that were caused by the
terrible storm. These details help
me infer the cause of the other
ship’s disappearance.
When the storm ends, the British frigate is gone and the
Boston does not have to fight it. Infer a possible cause of this
event. (Page 284-287)
Cause:
A terrible
lightning storm
occurs.
Cause:
The frigate either
turns away or
sinks during the
storm.
Cause:
The Boston is
being chased by
a British frigate.
Effect:
The Boston
does not have
to fight the
British frigate.
Questions
(Cause and Effect)
pp. 281,284, 289
How is the war with England going?
• The war is not going well.
• What might be on the British
merchant ship?
• There might be supplies and other
valuable goods that the colonists are
lacking.
•
Why do the officers want to catch a British merchant ship?
Use an Inference Map to show cause-and-effect relationships.
(Page 281, 284, 289)
Cause:
The colonial army
does not have
the supplies it
needs.
Cause:
The war with
England is not
going well.
Effect:
After the Boston is
repaired, it chases
down a merchant
ship.
Cause:
The officers think
the ships will
carry valuable
goods.
Questions
(Cause and Effect)
pp. 281, 289, 290
• How does one event
in the story lead to
the next?
How does one event in the story leads to the next?
pp. 281, 289, 290
The war started
with England.
The Americans
needed help from
other countries.
They had to leave
in the middle of
winter.
Their trip was
more difficult.
John Adams was
sent to France to
ask for immediate
help.
What series of cause-and-effect events led John Adams
and Johnny to go to Europe? Use your inferring skills to
fill in any missing details. (Page 281, 289, 290)
Effect:
They sent
representatives
to Paris.
Effect:
They needed
John Adams to
convince the
Europeans.
Cause: The
colonists needed
help with the war.
Effect:
John Adams
wanted to try to
win support for
the war.
Why do authors use cause and
effect relationships?
 Authors use causes
and effects to
structure text to help
show relationships
between ideas.