http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
REVIEW
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
NAME THE MOLECULES
5 carbon CO2 acceptor that combines with
CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle
________________________________
Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO2 to
RuBP
RuBP
carboxylase (RUBISCO)
________________________
3 carbon sugar produced during the Calvin
cycle that can be used to build glucose
and other organic molecules
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
______________________________
To make one glucose molecule, the
Calvin cycle uses
6 molecules of CO2
_____
18 molecules of ATP
_____
12 molecules of NADPH
_____
Campbell concept check 10.3
NAME THE MOLECULES
Enzyme that adds CO2 to make a 4 carbon molecule
before entering the Calvin cycle in C4 and CAM
plants
________________________________
PEP carboxylase
Cluster of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that
uses the energy of a hydrogen ion gradient to
add an inorganic phosphate group to ADP
________________________
ATP synthase
Iron containing proteins that make up the electron
transport chain
cytochromes
______________________________
NAME THE MOLECULES
Molecule that is split during the light reaction to
supply H+ ions for the concentration gradient
and electrons to replace those lost by
chlorophyll
________________________________
water
Yellow and orange pigment molecules that broaden
the spectrum of colors used to drive
photosynthesis and also protect chlorophyll by
dissipating excess light energy
carotenoids
_________________________
NAME THE COFACTOR found in the
cytochromes of the electron transport chain
Fe (iron)
_____
NAME THE COFACTOR found in the center
++ (magnesium)
Mg
chlorophyll molecule _____
Which color of light is least effective in
driving photosynthesis?
Campbell Concept check 10.2
Green; green light is reflected not absorbed
Name the chlorophyll molecules found in the
reaction center of Photosystem II.
Chlorophyll a (P680)
Explain why chlorophyll excited by light will
fluoresce and give off heat when removed
from cell, but not in intact chloroplasts.
Excited electrons can’t pass
their energy on to the electron
transport chain if removed
from chloroplasts. Energy is
given off as heat and light
(fluorecence) instead
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/usbg/photosyn.htm
Name the chlorophyll molecules found in the
reaction center of Photosystem I.
Chlorophyll b (P700)
What is the purpose of cyclic electron flow?
Non-cyclic electron flow produces equal
amounts of ATP and NADPH, but Calvin
cycle requires more ATP than NADPH.
Cyclic electron flow can make up the difference by
making more ATP without making NADPH.
Cell can switch to cyclic electron flow, if NADPH
is high and cell needs more ATP to run Calvin
cycle
Instrument that measures the proportions of
light of different wavelengths absorbed
and transmitted by a pigment solution
spectrophotometer
Energy coupling mechanism that uses energy
stored in the form of a hydrogen gradient
across a membrane to drive cellular work,
like the synthesis of ATP
chemiosmosis
NAME THE PARTS
Gel-filled space outside the
chloroplast
cytoplasm
= __________________
Gel-filled space
outside
the stacks
= ______________
stroma
Stack of sacs
= __________
granum
MEMBRANE SAC
thylakoid
= _________________
Gel-filled space inside
the membrane sac
Thylakoid space
= _________________
Water (H2O)
#1 = ______________
Oxygen (O2)
#2 = ______________
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
#3 = ______________
Carbohydrates
#4 = ______________
Sunlight (light energy)
#5 = ______________
Name the 2 kinds of plants that use alternative
methods of carbon fixation which joins C02
to make a 4 carbon molecule before
entering the Calvin cycle
C4 and CAM
What does CAM stand for?
Crassulacean acid metabolism
In which types of climates would you expect
to find more of these plants?
Hot, dry regions
Tell the place where the enzymes for the light
reactions are located
In membranes of thylakoids
Tell the place where the Calvin cycle happens
stroma
Tell the place H+ ions build up as electrons
move down the electron transport chain
In thylakoid space inside sac
Tell the place where ATP is made
stroma
pigment
A _________________
is a molecule (like
chlorophyll) that absorbs light energy.
Name the two types of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a & _________________
Chlorophyll b
________________
Name the cells unique to C4 plants where
the Calvin cycle is found
Bundle sheath cells
Name the two stages of photosynthesis
Light reactions & Calvin cycle
In which of these are carbohydrates
produced? Calvin cycle
The Calvin cycle is also referred to as the
____________________
reactions
Light independent
Name the carrier of high energy electrons and
hydrogen used during photosynthesis
NADP+
In which stage of photosynthesis is ATP
made?
Light dependent reactions
In which phase of photosynthesis is oxygen
released to the atmosphere?
Light reactions
What is the ultimate fate of the H in H2O
during photosynthesis?
Ends up in carbohydrates
ATP synthase uses the movement of which
ion across the membrane to produce ATP?
H+
What is the ultimate fate of the oxygen atoms
in H2O following photosynthesis?
Released into the atmosphere as
O2 gas
Write the overall equation for photosynthesis.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy
→CH
6
12O6 +
6 O2
From which reactant do the Oxygen atoms in
glucose (C6H12O6) come?
Carbon dioxide
Where do the electrons that pass down the
electron transport chain end up following
non-cyclic electron flow?
In NADPH
Name the products of the light reaction.
Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
Name the products of the Calvin cycle
G3P (carbohydrates) , CO2
In the light reactions, what is the electron
donor?
Campbell Concept check 10.2
water
Where do the electrons end up?
NADP+
Campbell Concept check 10.2
Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme
in the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light
reactions.
Campbell Concept check 10.3
Light reactions require ADP and NADP+
which are regenerated from the Calvin cycle.
If these don’t return from Calvin Cycle . . .
ATP and NADPH production stops
Explain when photorespiration would happen
in a plant instead of photosynthesis.
When it is hot & dry the plant closes its stomata to
conserve water; when CO2 levels get low the
plant switches to photorespiration
How is photorespiration different from
photosynthesis?
Rubisco adds O2 to Calvin cycle instead
of CO2 ; CO2 is given off, but no ATP is made;
no sugar is made
In C4 plants the steps of carbon fixation and
Calvin cycle are separated by location in
different types of cells. How are these
separated in CAM plants?
By time; carbon fixation happens at night, then
Calvin cycle uses the stored carbon during the day
How many G3P molecules are needed to make
1 glucose molecule?
2
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
G3P stands for __________________________
Give an example of a C3 plant
Rice, wheat, soybeans, most flowers &
trees you know
Which of the following is a chlorophyll
molecule?
Chlorophyll
phospholipid
amino acid (phenylalanine)
glucose
ATP
Organisms that can produce their own food
are called __________________
Autotrophs (producers)
RuBP stands for
__________________________
Ribulose biphosphate
Give an example of a C4 plant
Sugarcane, corn
Organisms that can’t produce their own food
and must get their energy from eating
other organisms are called
__________________
heterotrophs (consumers)
Which of the following sequences correctly
represents the flow of electrons during
photosynthesis?
A) NADPH → O2→CO2
B) H2O →NADPH→ Calvin cycle
C) NADPH→chlorophyll→ Calvin cycle
D) H2O→photosystem I→photosystem II
E) NADPH→ electron transport chain → O2
→
Campbell Self quiz
The most abundant protein in chloroplasts
and probably the most abundant protein
rubisco
on Earth is ____________________
Which wavelengths of light does chlorophyll
absorb best?
Red & blue violet
The entire range of electromagnetic radiation
from microwaves to radiowaves is called
Electromagnetic spectrum
the __________________________
Chloroplasts are found mainly in which kind
of cells in C3 plants? __________________
mesophyll
Which of the following sequences correctly
represents the flow of electrons during
photosynthesis?
A) NADPH → O2→CO2
B) H2O →NADPH→ Calvin cycle
C) NADPH→chlorophyll→ Calvin cycle
D) H2O→photosystem I→photosystem II
E) NADPH→ electron transport chain → O2
→
Campbell Self quiz