4.3 Summary Worksheet
1. Muscles are stimulated by __________________ to contract.
2. Motor units are made up of one _______________________ and the muscle fibers it
innervates.
3. Type I, Type IIa and Type IIb motor units have different __________________ of
contraction, forces of contraction and _____________________ to fatigue.
4. Muscle contraction is due to _______________________ “sliding” relative to
_______________________________.
5. Synovial joints can be _______-axial, _______axial, ______axial or _______axial depending
on how many ______________________ they have.
6. There are _______________ fundamental axes of rotation in the human body, and they
are _____________________________________________________________________.
7. _______________________, _______________________ and isometric contractions are different
ways the muscle contracts to move the body segments, and depend on the amount
of force and torque the muscle can provide compared to the external force and
torque being overcome.
8. _______________________ contraction can cause ______________________________________________
(DOMS) and the best remedy is usually _______________________________.
9. Kinematics is the study of _______________________ and kinetics is the study of
_______________________.
10. Linear kinematics involves motion in a _______________________and consists of linear
displacement, linear velocity and linear acceleration.
11. Angular kinematics is concerned with _______________________ and consists of angular
displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration.
12. Newton’s three laws of motion relate how _______________________ change
_______________________.
13. The _______________________-momentum relationship is important when understanding
changes in motion.
14. _______________________ is the angular effect of a force that does not act through the
axes of a freely rotating body or object.
15. Center of _____________ and center of ______________ are effectively the same for the
human body.
16. _______________________ analyzes how objects move when thrown into the air or
dropped from a height.
17. _______________________oppose the motion of bodies or objects through air or water.
18. ___________ forces are caused by an object’s shape and its orientation to the air
and/or the spin imparted to it.
19. Angular momentum measures the amount of ___________________ of a body or object
has.
4.3 Summary Worksheet
1. Muscles are stimulated by nerves to contract.
2. Motor units are made up of one motoneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
3. Type I, Type IIa and Type IIb motor units have different speeds of contraction, forces of
contraction and resistance to fatigue.
4. Muscle contraction is due to actin filaments “sliding” relative to myosin filaments.
5. Synovial joints can be non-axial, uniaxial, biaxial or triaxial depending on how many axes of
rotation they have.
6. There are three fundamental axes of rotation in the human body, and they are transverse, sagittal,
vertical.
7. Concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions are different ways the muscle contracts to move
the body segments, and depend on the amount of force and torque the muscle can provide
compared to the external force and torque being overcome.
8. Eccentric contraction can cause delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and the best remedy is
usually light exercise.
9. Kinematics is the study of motion and kinetics is the study of forces.
10. Linear kinematics involves motion in a straight line and consists of linear displacement, linear
velocity and linear acceleration.
11. Angular kinematics is concerned with rotation and consists of angular displacement, angular
velocity and angular acceleration.
12. Newton’s three laws of motion relate how forces change motion.
13. The impulse-momentum relationship is important when understanding changes in motion.
14. Torque is the angular effect of a force that does not act through the axes of a freely rotating body
or object.
15. Center of mass and center of gravity are effectively the same for the human body.
16. Projectile motion analyzes how objects move when thrown into the air or dropped from a height.
17. Drag forces oppose the motion of bodies or objects through air or water.
18. Lift forces are caused by an object’s shape and its orientation to the air and/or the spin imparted
to it.
19. Angular momentum measures the amount of rotation of a body or object has.