AP Biology Discussion Notes
Thursday 12/17/2015
Goals for the Day
• Understand what is unique about
chloroplasts & mitochondria
• Analyze & understand our cellular
respiration Lab
• Be prepared for our TEST MONDAY
Question of the day 12/17
Why are cells so small or what limits cell
size?
Which cell is most efficient?
Same Volume – different Surface area
– How will this effect efficiency?
What cell parts are associated
with Cell respiration &
Photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
• Site of photosynthesis
– Light Energy -> Chemical Energy
• Double-membraned
• Stacks of thylakoids
Mitochondria
• Generate ATP from glucose
– Generate ____________energy
• Site of cellular respiration
• Double membraned—cristae
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
• Unique features:
• Both are energy-related organelles
• Have two membranes
• Have their own DNA
• Reproduce independently of the cell
• Have Ribosomes
Endosymbiotic (Endosymbiont)Theory
• What does endo
mean?
• What is symbiosis?
Endosymbiotic Theory
• Mitochondria & Chloroplast came
from independent prokaryotic cells
through process of endocytosis.
Provided benefits to both cells & an
advantage – became common in
population.
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
EVIDENCE for Endosymbiotic Theory
• Both are energy-related organelles
• Have two membranes
• Have their own DNA
• Reproduce independently of the cell
• Have Ribosomes
Endosymbiotic Theory
• If mitochondria and chloroplasts
originally came from independent
prokaryotes, what would be true of
their DNA? (What do you know
about the DNA of prokaryotes
compared to Eukaryotes?)
Endosymbiotic Theory
Figure 6.16
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Engulfing of oxygenNuclear
using nonphotosynthetic envelope
prokaryote, which
becomes a mitochondrion
Ancestor of
eukaryotic cells
(host cell)
Mitochondrion
Nonphotosynthetic
eukaryote
At least
one cell
Engulfing of
photosynthetic
prokaryote
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Photosynthetic eukaryote
Work Order for today
1. Come up with a list of major topics on
our unit test
2. Finish lab analysis & ask questions
3. Chapter 9 Book Notes
– 9.1
– 9.5
– 9.6
4. Work on studying/asking questions
ASK QUESTIONS to each other to me!
Major Topics on Test 2
• Evolution
–
–
–
Phylogeny interpretation
Natural Selection (Population change NOT individual!)
Biological fitness (Survival & Reproduction)
• Nervous System
–
Basic Structures/Set up of membrane
•
–
–
Salty Banana
Direction of signal transmission
How signals are sent across synapse
•
Neurotransmitters
Major Topics on Test 2
• Cell Transport
–
–
–
–
–
–
Types (Passive vs. Active)
Diffusion/Osmosis Lab
Osmotic Solutions (Plasmolysis minilab)
Water potential
Osmoregulation (video notes)
Cell size – SURFACE AREA/Volume ratio
Major Topics on Test 2
• Cell Life Cycles
–
–
–
–
–
Parts/regulation of life cycle
Types of cell division
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Sources of Variation
Advantages/disadvantages of sexual/asexual
reproduction
• Cells
–
–
–
Parts/Function
Parts that work together
What organisms have what cell parts
Major Topics on Test 2
• Photosynthesis basics
–
–
–
Basic equation
Pigments – chromatography Lab
10.1,10.2
• Cellular respiration
–
–
–
–
Parts/purpose of process
Oxidative vs. Fermentation
Which organisms do which processes
How do membranes help eukaryotes?