TOOL5100-CSCL
Presentation of 2 papers
by Jan Are Otnes
Stahl
(2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
Miao
et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modelling Features and Potential Use
2. March 2006
1
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
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Abstract/Introduction
A Diagram of Personal and Social KnowledgeBuilding
Opportunities for Computer Support
The Idea of a Computer System to Support the
Knowledge-Building Process
Conclusion
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
2
Abstract/Introduction
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The paper present a model of learning as a
social process
Individual minds in relation to socio-cultural
Framework for the design of CSCL-SW (KBE)
5 theories of learning (Koschmann)
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The paper incorporating insights from these
theories/philosophies
Multiple phases constitute a cycle =>
increasingly complex questions to be posed
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
3
A Diagram of Personal and Social
Knowledge-Building
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
4
Opportunities for Computer Support
Phase of knowledge building
Form of computer support
articulate in words
articulation editor
public statements
personal perspective
other people's public statements
comparison perspective
discuss alternatives
discussion forum
argumentation & rationale
argumentation graph
clarify meanings
glossary discussion
shared understanding
Glossary
negotiate perspectives
negotiation support
collaborative knowledge
group perspective
formalize and objectify
bibliography discussion
cultural artefacts and representations
bibliography or other community
repository
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
5
The Idea of a Computer System to Support
the Knowledge-Building Process(1)
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A KBE should:
go beyond a single-purpose system
 retain a record of the knowledge that was built up
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And it should therefore probably be:
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“built on asynchronous, persistent collaborative
technologies and be deployed on the Internet as a
Web-based environment”
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
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The Idea of a Computer System to Support
the Knowledge-Building Process(2)
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A KBE should:
Support several lifecycle phases
 Help people express their beliefs, discuss them with
others, negotiate shared understandings + + +
 Provide facilities like searching, browsing, filtering
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Significant difficulties but their potential
advantages seem extraordinary!
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
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Conclusion
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“The process model of knowledge-building
presented in this paper provides a conceptual
framework for the design, use and assessment
of such systems”
“KBEs have the potential to provide
computationally-supported communication
media to facilitate this process that forms a
centerpiece of the learning sciences.”
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
8
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
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Introduction
Part one
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Part two
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Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing
Collaborative Learning Scripts
An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts
CSCL script authoring tools
Potential uses and system support of CSCL scripts
Conclusions and future work
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
9
Introduction(1)
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Collaboration script is a set of instructions specifying
how the group members should interact and
collaborate to solve a problem. O’Donnell &
Dansereau(1992)
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Internal or external representations
A CSCL-script is a computational representation of a
collaborative script
A general modelling language for formalising
collaboration scripts is missing.
No tool for CSCL practitioners to create, reuse,
integrate, and customize CSCL scripts.
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
10
Introduction(2)
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Existing learning process modelling language IMS-LD
provides insufficient support to model group-based,
synchronous collaborative learning activities.
Some attempts have been done to extend IMS-LD, but
still no good solutions.
The aim for the research work presented in this paper is
to develop a scripting language for formalising CSCL
scripts and exploring their potential types of usage and
system support possibilities
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
11
Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for
formalizing Collaborative Learning Scripts
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Maze script, strategies how to escape
Major difficulties and challenges in modelling:
Groups
 Artefacts
 Dynamic features
 Complicated control flow
 Varied forms of social interaction
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Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
12
An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts
CSCL Scripting language
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
13
An approach to formalize CSCL Scripts
Solution
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Explicitly introducing groups
Explicitly introducing artefacts
Extending actions and expressions
Introducing transitions and routing activities
Using activity-centred methods to assign roles
Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative
Knowledge-Building
14
CSCL script authoring tools
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
15
Potential uses and system support of
CSCL scripts
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System as Editor/Viewer
Syntactical mapping to a visual/conceptual representation
Presentation of models in multiple perspective
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Procedural/Temporal
Artefacts
Roles
Individual/Group
Model-based prediction
Simulation
Static configuration of the learning environment
Monitoring of the learning flow
Model-based scaffolding
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
16
Conclusions and future work
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Stated five major limitations in IMS LD when
formalising CSCL scripts
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Suggested a scripting language for CSCL based on this, where
these limitations are solved
Discussed potential usages of CSCL scripts and
possibilities of system support
Developed two script authoring tools, based on the
CSCL scripting language
Currently focusing on testing the modelling capacity,
real experiments will be conducted
Will develop an integrated environment later on.
Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –
Modeling Features and Potential Use
17
Questions?
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