Counting of Vehicles at Toll Station Using Sensors
and Microcontroller
Rahul N. Dhole, Vishal S. Undre , Chetan R. Solanki, Satish R. Pawale and Ravindra C. Thool, Member,
IEEE
Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nanded, Maharashtra
Abstract— Toll for the roads are very important for maintains of
road quality. There is no strong record of number of vehicles
passed through the toll. Also there are so much chances of taking
bribe by workers on that toll. Another one is there is no tolls are
for police vehicles, vehicles on government duty. So, there are
chances of fake documents. No one easily prove in court that these
documents are fake documents. Also there contractor make
demand to government that because of these government vehicles
there is that amount of loss please extend date of toll. As a result
there is load on public. The authors of this research paper
introduces the system to stop all those things. There is use of
ultrasonic sensor, Microcontroller, Camera and camera is
accessed by authorized person only.
200708
15,143
(5.28)
6,808
(2.38)
21,951
(7.66)
200607
13,238
(5.24)
11,964
(5.64)
10,811
(5.72)
138
(6.34)
6,808
(2.70)
6,450
(3.04)
5,206
(2.75)
4,190
(2.62)
20,047
(7.94)
18,414
(8.67)
16,017
(8.47)
14,328
(8.96)
200506
200405
200304
10,
286,546
252,548
212,307
189,133
159,921
200203
Keywords— Sensors, Microcontroller, Toll Station, MVT, PGT
I. INTRODUCTION
In India there is large network of road in the world.
Investments in road sector in the post-independence era have
resulted in expansion of the road network from 0.4 million km
in 1950–51 to 3.32 million km in 1995–96. In that the network
of road is increased from 0.156 million km to 1.517 million km
(Planning Commission 1997). On the other hand, in the year
1950–51 to 1995–96 the number of passenger buses passed up
13-fold from 34,000 to 450,000. On the other hand the good
vehicle fleet has increased 22-fold from 82,000 to 1,785,000.
In India, nearly about 87 % of passengers and over 65% of
freight travel on roads. This is percentage will increase in the
future. With increase in this use of road the there is another
responsibility of maintains of the road [2]. For that the
government takes the road tax on the tolls. The road tax is
simply pay for use of road.
In the table 1 there are the no of vehicles renewed for the year
and income form from them is mentioned. However, during
recent years, the revenue from MVT has increased effectively
from Rs. 415 crore in 1980-81 to Rs. 1,566 crore in 1990-91,
and further to Rs. 6,666 crore in 2000-01[2].
Year
MVT
PGT
Total
tax on
vehicles
Own Tax
Revenue
In Crore.
8,441
3,569 12,010
142,143
(5.94) (2.51)
(8.45)
200102 7,644
3,671 11,316 128,097
(5.97) (2.87)
(8.83)
Table 1: Revenue Significance of Taxes on Vehicles: All
States
In year 2006-07, the yield increased to a whopping Rs.
13,238 crore, which further increased to Rs. 15,143 crore in
2007-08 [2]. Means the no of vehicles are increasing day by
day.
II. COMPONENTS
Figure 2: Ultrasonic Sensor HC HR-04
Specifications of Ultrasonic Sensor as shown in table:
Working Voltage
DC 5 V
Working Current
15mA
Working
Frequency
40 KHz
Max Range
4M
Min Range
2 cm
Dimension
45X20X15 mm
Table 2: Specification of Sensors
Generally ultrasonic sensor is used for robotics and
automation purpose. For this research project HC-SR04
ultrasonic sensor is used and its specifications are shown in
table2. Here the authors used HC-HR04 Ultrasonic Sensor for
object detection whose range is 4 Meter [3]. For practical
readings in the programming instead of Centimetres Meter is
taken. For practical implementation on road tolls the high range
sensors are
used.
required to transmitted wave (T) to receive (R). For HCHR04
the incident angle is 13 degree [3]. The Ultrasonic sensor uses
following formula to convert time into distance.
Here distance is in centimeters.
A. Matlab
For GUI we used here Matlab and sending all actions through
Matlab itself. MATLAB is a numerical computing environment
and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by
Math Works, MATLAB allows us matrix manipulations,
plotting of functions, data and graphs implementation of
algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with
programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java,
and Fortran [1]. Although MATLAB is intended primarily for
numerical computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD
symbolic engine, allowing access to symbolic computing
capabilities, additional package, Simulink, adds graphical
multi-domain simulation and ModelBased Design for dynamic
and embedded systems.
Syntax:
digital
Write
(pin
number,
action)
digitalWrite(13,1);
Here, if we want to write some data then we can use digital
Write() and send „1‟ to start and „0‟ for stop operation, in the
same sense we can also read, write analog as well as digital
values. For analog value we use analogRead (pin_number).
Set up the basic Arduino program: void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // set up the serial connection for
printing
} void loop() {
Serial.println(444); // print out the value.
Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using
electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible
[1],[3].
Figure 1: Reflection of Signal from Object
The ultrasonic sensor sent the pulse through transmitter
mode (T) and transmitted signals get reflected from obstacle,
this is received by received mode (R) having transmitting mode
signals intensity of 40 KHz. If there is signals returning, through
outputting high level and the time of high level continuing is the
time of that from the ultrasonic transmitting to receiving. graphs
must be indented. All paragraphs must be justified, i.e. both
left-justified and right-justified [3].
pulseIn(7, HIGH); this use for getting input from sensor
through Arduino. Actually Ultrasonic sensor measures the time
B. Microcontroller
Here Arduino is used for the controlling all tasks. he
hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed
around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel
ARM. The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the
microcontroller [1] [3].
The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller's I/O
pins for use by other circuits. The Diecimila, Duemilanove, and
current Uno provide 14 digital I/O pins, six of which can
produce pulse-width modulated signals, and six analog inputs.
These pins are on the top of the board, via female 0.10-inch (2.5
mm) headers. Several plug-in application shields are also
commercially available. Arduino has 328P microcontroller
which is used to store and execute the program [1], [3].
Here we used Arduino IDE for background programming,
the open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write
code and upload it to the I/O board. It runs on Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based
on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software. The
Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a crossplatform application written in Java programming, and is
derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language
and the Wiring projects. It is designed to introduce
programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with
software development. It includes a code editor with features
such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic
indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading
programs to the board with a single click [3].
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system entitled Arduino Based Counting of
Vehicles at toll station Using Sensors and MATLAB. Contains
the set of sensor, microcontroller and camera. Ultrasonic sensor
is connected to roof as shown in fig. 4. Here authors used two
sensors for detection of vehicles but for more accuracy while
implementing more sensors can added. so that small vehicles
like bicycles like, bike etc. are also captured through this
system. This data is accessed by authorised person only. The
camera for system is used which are previously used for
security purpose. So no extra equipment are needed while
implementing the system.
Therefore the price required is also affordable easily.
Here in fig. 4 when vehicle came under the sensors the vehicle
get detected, image is captured and saved in database.
Figure 3: Arduino
Here we used Arduino IDE for background programming,
the open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write
code and upload it to the I/O board. It runs on Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based
on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software. The
Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a crossplatform application written in Java programming, and is
derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language
and the Wiring projects [1]. It is designed to introduce
programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with
software development. It includes a code editor with features
such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic
indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading
programs to the board with a single click.
III. CURRENT SYSTEM
At toll station the cameras are fixed for security purpose only
which is costly. The database of vehicles which are passed
through that toll it is in the printed format or documentary
format there is no original record that how much vehicles which
are under government duty through toll. So it is not difficult to
make fake documentation of number of government vehicle
passed. Another one there is no one for surveillance on the
workers.
Figure4: Proposed System
V. RESULTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to thank Dr. L.M. Waghmare, Director,
SGGSIE&T, Nanded. Prof. J.V.Megha, HOD Dept. of
Information
Technology,
SGGSIE&T,
Nanded.
Prof.Dr.R.H.Chile, HOD, Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
SGGSIE&T, Nanded. Mrs. Dr.V.R.Thool, Associate professor,
Department of Instrumentation Engineering, SGGSIE&T,
Nanded. Miss. Snehal R. Deshmukh, M.Tech (Dept. of CWM)
SGGSIE&T, Nanded. This project supported by TEQIP phase
II Dr. A.B.Gonde and Mr. Vaibhav B. Nagargoge. One of the
author Mr. Vishal S. Undre special Thanks to State Bank of
India, WashiBranch (04451), Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India.
REFERENCES
Figure 5: Screen Shot of Program
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Figure 6: Distance of Obstacle
VI. CONCLUSIONS
This system is not only used for the no of vehicles passed
on the toll but also for the continuous watch on workers. For
the security purpose no need of extra cameras are required.
The main aim of this project is to detect the vehicles, count
them and save it in the data base. The no of Government
vehicles passed through toll and contractor mentioned
vehicles are same are not this accurately. As we look toward
the cost of project at most four cameras are required two
ultrasonic sensors, Microcontroller. This all database
wirelessly can access by using Bluetooth, ZigBEE, GSM
etc.
Rahul N. Dhole, Vishal S. Undre, and Satish R. Pawale, “Arduino
Based Noise Detection and Image Capturing by Using Matlab,” National
Conference on Advances in Computing ,Networking and security, Dec.
2013, pp. 143-146.
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Rahul N Dhole,Vishal S. Undre, Chetan R. Solanki, Satish R. Pawale,
“Smart Traffic Signal Using Ultrasonic Sensor” International on Green
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