Exploring the Sensitivity of the OMI ‐ NO
2
Product to emission Changes Across Europe using a
Chemistry Transport Model
M. Schaap, L. Curier, R. Kranenburg, F. Boersma, H. Eskes, A. Segers,
R. Timmermans

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Introduction
In Europe, official emissions are reported are reported to EEA and
UNECE/EMEP.
Although many countries report high quality data, a number of caveats exist: the inventory methodologies vary from nation to nation data gaps exist not real-time discrepancies between eastern and western Europe
Officially reported emissions (Gg) for year: 2000
Nox Germany PM10
+ 45%
Reported in Reported in

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Goals
To contribute to the verification and improvement of the European emission inventory by synergistic use of satellite data and a chemistry transport model.
To inform you on activities performed at TNO with OMI-NO
2 data

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Chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS
Lower troposphere up to 3.5 Km
CBM-IV chemistry
Explicit N
2
O
5 hydrolysis
ISORROPIA-II equilibrium mod.
NO
2 columns calculated using
OMI averaging kernels
Labelling module that tracks source contributions for all Ncontaining compounds
See Kranenburg et al., 2013
EnKF data assimilation
Participated in most model comparisons (GLOREAM,
EURODELTA, AQMEII)
Member of MACC ensemble

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Labels Emissions
2005: MACC-2005 database
2020: MACC-2005 scaled by
GAINS 2020 totals per sector
Temporal profiles per sector
Power generation
House holds
Industrial combustion
Production processes
Extraction of fossil fuels
Solvent use
Road transport
Off-road trnsport
Waste incineration
Agriculture
Label definition:
- 6 source sectors
- 5 hours of the day between 9 and 14
- Boundary conditions
SNAP sectors
1 Energy industries
3 Industrial combustion
7 Road transport
8 Non-road transport
9 Agriculture
Other

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Annual mean modelled and retrieved NO
2 distribution
Systematic bias of 1.10
15 molec/cm 2
Spatial correlation R 2 = 0.91
Model OMI

2007
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Netherlands
Comparison over Europe
Eastern Europe
Western Europe Iberian Peninsula

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Sector contributions to NO
2 overpass columns at OMI
Power generation

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Sector contributions NO
2 overpass columns at OMI
Off Road transport

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Sector contributions to NO
2 overpass columns at OMI
Road transport

Approach:
• LOTOS-EUROS simulation with constant 2005 emissions
• Match to OMI columns using averaging kernel
• Trend estimate in the bias between
OMI and LOTOS-EUROS
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Annual trends Seasonal component
[Weatherhead et al 1998]

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Satellite derived trends in OMI-NO
2 v1
NO2 trends show decreasing values of
3-6 % a year between 2005 and 2010.
Data often used as a first order estimate of the NO x emission trend
Comparison to 2011 reporting for 2009

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Impact of emission scenario on NO
2 columns
Emissions NO2 Columns

Large countries
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Coastal countries
Island states
Sea areas

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Extension to 2012 using OMI-v2 and full data assimilation
Trend analysis on v1
Parameter estimate using v2
% change over 5 years
Assimilation indicated a very slow decline until 2012, if any!
Reason: V2.0 contains much smaller trends!

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Comparison v1 and v2 for 2005-2010

All data
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Meteo corrected

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Change of Annual emissions and levels normalized to 2005

%
Impact of direct NO2 percentage diesel cars from 3 to 20%
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NO2 evaluation for
1990-2009

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Conclusions
 We have developed a source apportionment tool to investigate emission sector contributions to satellite products.
 Source sector contributions show distinctly different spatial patterns.
 For land locked and large countries OMI-NO2 trends can be translated into emission changes.
 Both in-situ and remote sensed NO2 levels show lower downward trends than reported emissions.
 Improvements possible through update temporal variability of emissions, natural emissions, extension of vertical extend LE.
 This study highlights the need for a combined use of models, a-priori emission estimates and satellite data to verify emission trends.

21
Monday, April 11, 2011
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Reference: Schaap et al., Remote Sens., 5 (9), 4187-4208; Curier et al., 2014
Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the support of ESA project
GlobEmission and the EC-FP7 ENERGEO project

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Comparison to AIRBASE ground level NO
2
35 y = 3.0311 + 0.6743x R
2
= 0.40864
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Measured concentration (
 g/m
3
)
30 35

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Contribution of the emissions between 09-14 to
NO
2 columns at OMI overpass