STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Chapters 12, 13 and 14
STATE GOVERNMENT: SEAL
STATE GOVERNMENT: CAPITOL CBUS
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1
 ___________________: Constitution created a system where the
federal government and state governments __________________
 Protecting States: States for the most part can ____________
themselves as they see fit and they maintain their own ___________
 Powers Prohibited to the States
 Article I Section 10
 Can’t declare war, issue their own money or enter into a treaty
 Reserved Powers: _________________________ ensures that states
have all powers not given to the federal government
 Make marriage laws, regulate education and hold elections
 Each state is responsible for the safety and protection of its citizens
 Law enforcement and roads/bridges
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1
 Federal Supremacy
 ________________________ Powers shared by the federal and state
governments
 Tax and borrow money
 If a state law conflicts with a national law- national law wins
 States Right v Nationalists (goes back to Federalists/Anti-Federalists)
 ____________________- limit federal government because they believe state
government knows its people best
 ____________________- increase the national government to address major social and
economic problems
 Balancing Act
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1
 Government Cooperation
 ___________________: federal government provides money to the states to help
them pay for some of their programs
 Highways, education and welfare
 Cooperation Among States: Constitution makes sure states cooperate with each
other
 Article IV

“_____________________” ex. Drivers License
 Form of Government: Republican
 _____________________: When a person breaks the law in one state and tries to
flee into another the state has to return the criminal
 _____________________: Lots of cooperation along the boarders of states
 Protection and trade
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 1
 State Constitution
 Each State has its own ___________________ which is its plan of government
 Each state provides for the ____________________________: Executive,
Legislative and Judicial
 Each constitution provides the powers and terms of
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 Each constitution has its own _________________________________
 Workers’ right to join unions
 Establish different types of _________________________
 Counties and townships
 Establishes how the state and local governments can
___________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2: STATE
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 Organization
 Every state has a ____________________ (Senate and House) legislature EXCEPT
for Nebraska which has a unicameral (only 49 members)
 State Senators: ___________________
 State House of Representatives: _______________
 Members must be __________________________ who live
____________________________________ and ___________ years old.
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2: STATE
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 How Bills Become State Laws
 SAME PROCCESS as Congress
 ____________________ (Kasich) signs final copy to become a law
 Legislative Districts
 After the ___________________ (every 10 years) legislatures reexamine districts
 Unequal Representation
 US Supreme Court (1960’s) established that state legislatures must be
________________________ (divided) on the basis of ___________________
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2: STATE
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 Problems Facing States
 ________________________: many states find it difficult to pay for education,
transportation, services for the disabled and disadvantaged, protecting the
environment, regulating businesses and reducing crime.
 Many legislators DO NOT want to raise taxes but states are getting LESS
federal grant money because the federal government is in its own financial crisis
 QUESTION becomes CUT programs or INCREASE taxes
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2: STATE
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
 DEBATE: Is a Lottery or Gambling a good way to raise State revenue?
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 3
 Powers and Duties of the Governor: John Kasich
 Governor must be an _____________________, at least ___________ years old and a
resident of the State for ____________ years
 Elected for _______________ can be __________________for committing crimes
 Governor is responsible for _________________ the laws of the State and making the
_______________
 Governors in 43 states can veto specific parts of a bill: _____________________
 Governors can issue pardons, ________________________ which reduces a sentence
and ______________________ which releases people early from prison
 Governor appoints top officials to help with state matters like health, education, law,
treasurer (taxes), auditor (reviews records), transportation etc.
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4: STATE JUDICIAL
BRANCH
 Organized like the _______________________
 Courts for minor law violations and law suits
 Courts for serious crimes and large civil cases
 Appeals
 _____________(small)
 Justice Court: Local Court title
 Justice of the peace: Judges title
 Handles ___________________________
 NO ___________________
 ______________ (large)
 Police Courts called _____________________ (traffic violations)
 ___________________- one person against another or group
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4: STATE JUDICIAL
BRANCH
 Higher Courts: serious crimes (felonies) and large civil cases
 __________________________
 Defendants charged with felonies go on trial in general trial courts. Heard by a jury and
judge decides penalty if guilty.
 __________________________
 Panel of judges decides a case and votes if they find the lower court did not provide a fair
trial they can overturn the decision
 __________________________
 Interpret the State’s constitution and laws
 Reviews appeal courts decisions
 Final say
CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4: STATE JUDICIAL
BRANCH
 Selection of Judges
 Some are elected by ______________ others by the state legislature and others by
the _________________
 Some states appoint judges for __________ others have ________________
 Can be removed by ________________
 DEBATE: If judges are elected by the people will they be more concerned with
pleasing voters than they are with administering the law impartially?
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 13 SECTION I: CITY
GOVERNMENTS
 Local governments are closest to the people but have no
___________________________. They are totally dependent on the
State.
 Most states define a _________________ (city) as an incorporated place:
locality within an officially organized government that provides services to
residents.
 When residents of an area want to become a city they apply to the State
Legislature for a _______________________
 This grants power to the local government
 Describes the type of local government with its structure and powers
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1: CITY
GOVERNMENTS
 _____________________________: allows citizens to write their
own charters, choose their own type of government, manage their own
affairs as long as they abide by state laws.
 RECENTLY there has been a big push for this.
 DEBATE: Do you think a uniform city charter should be used or this system should
be used instead?
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1: CITY
GOVERNMENTS
 3 Basic forms of Municipal Government
 ____________________________________
 Executive power goes to Mayor and Legislative power goes to the Council (pass laws called
ordinances). Large cities historically used this form.Voters elect the Mayor and Council.
 ___________________________________
 No separation of executive and legislative power. Separate departments govern the city. Not
popular or a good form.
 ___________________________________
 Council (legislative) appoints the manager. Manager recommends a budget, oversees city
departments and deals with personnel matters and reports to the Council.Very popular
form today.
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1: CITY
GOVERNMENT
 Special District: unit of government that deals with a specific function
like education, water supply or transportation
 ____________________________ Central city and its surrounding
suburbs
 DC, Pittsburgh, Chicago
 __________________: Communities near or around cities
 Grown since the 1950’s
 White Flight
 Urban Re-development
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2: COUNTY
GOVERNMENTS
 __________________ is the state’s largest territorial and political
subdivision. There are more than 3,000 in the nation. Most important in
South and West
 All states except Connecticut and Rhode Island are divided into counties
 Counties are very different
 Population: Los Angeles County CA = 10 million residents while Loving County TX has 67
people
 Land: San Bernardino County CA has more land that Vermont and New Hampshire
combined
 Quantity: Texas has 254 while Hawaii has 3
 IN Alaska counties are known as boroughs and in Louisiana they are known as parishes
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2: COUNTY
GOVERNMENTS
 _________________________: town where the courthouse is
located
 A board of 3-5 elected ______________________ (supervisors)
governs most counties for 4 year terms
 Acts as legislature
 Adopts ___________________ (laws) and budget
 Levy (raise) taxes
 Enforce laws
 Sheriffs
 District Attorney
 Auditor
 Coroner
CHAPTER 13 SECTION 3: TOWNS,
TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES
 States divide into Counties and the counties are broken down into
smaller units
 _______________ (New England): One of the oldest forms of government in US.
In early town meetings citizens voted on decisions (direct democracy). Maybe do this
once a year but now elect a Council that runs day to day operations.
 ________________ (Midwest): Congress divided land into 6 miles by 6 miles
blocks. Perfect squares. Township committee, board of supervisors or board of
trustees hold meetings and are the legislative body.
 ________________: smallest unit of local government. Headed by a small board
elected by voters. Maybe have an executive (chief burgess). Residents of a village
often have to pay higher taxes to support an extra layer of government but receive
better services
The Perry Township Board of Trustees
 Meets in Regular Meeting format on the first and third
Tuesday of every month at 7:00 PM.
 The meetings are held at the Township Hall located at
3111 Hilton Street NW in Massillon.
 Regular Meetings include reports by Department Heads,
the Law Director, and the Township Administrator.
 The public is welcome to offer comments during the
Public Speaks portion of the agenda on township related
matters.
 Craig Chessler is a life-long resident of Perry
_______________ – Trustee
Township. He is a 1976 graduate of Perry High
School, a former Cadet at the United States
Military Academy at West Point and a graduate
with honors with a Bachelor’s Degree in
economics and communications from
Otterbein College. Craig earned his Jurist
Doctor degree from the University of Akron
School of Law in 1983.
 He was first elected as a Trustee in 1989. He
also has served since 1985 as an Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney and Assistant Law
Director for the City of Canton. He maintains
a private law practice specializing in probate
law, employment law, victim’s rights and mental
illness advocacy. He has also served as a
trustee of the Stark Trial Lawyers Academy and
Perry-Navarre Joint Economic Development
District and is currently secretary for the
Stark Council of Governments. He is a strong
supporter of Perry theatre and
athletics. There are four lovely ladies in his life;
His wife, Linda, two daughters, and Hallie, the
dachshund.
 Lee Laubacher has been a resident of Perry
_______________– Trustee




Township since 1962 when he began teaching
at Reedurban Elementary School. He
graduated from Walsh College with a BA in
Education and has retired from Perry Local
Schools in 1993 after 32 years of teaching.
He served as a Perry Township volunteer
fireman rising to the rank of Assistant District
Chief of Station #1. He also owned his own
ambulance service in the area.
He was elected Perry Township Trustee from
1998 to 2006 and was re-elected for 4 years
beginning January 2008.
He has been married to his wife, Jackie for 45
years. They have 6 children and fourteen
grandchildren.
He has been a Board member for St. Joseph
Credit Union since 1995 and is presently the
President of the Board. He is also a member
of Perry Rotary and the Knights of Columbus
at St. Joan of Arc.
 As Fiscal Officer, one of my responsibilities is to maintain
Fiscal Officer:
________________________
a budget that is fiscally responsible, and allows us to
continue providing necessary services to Perry Township
residents. Joe states that Perry Township has been able
to have a balanced budget for all departments which is
due to the credit of the Trustees and all Department
Heads as they watch every dollar spent realizing this is
"you" the taxpayers money.
 Utilizing a frugal, and well planned budgeting system in
2011, we were able to update our police cruiser fleet by
replacing antiquated cruisers with the purchase of 5 new
police cruisers. The purchase of 2 new fire engines
allowed us to replace 2 twenty-two year old firetrucks.
Utilizing state purchasing procedures ensures us we are
getting the best value for our dollars!
 We are proud of our road improvement projects, which
include the "Crescent Gardens Storm Sewer Phase I &
II, & 12th Street Road Improvement Projects” which have
been recently awarded funding though Ohio Public
Works Commission (OPWC) We have also invested in
our Parks and Recycling program. In addition to the
traditional resources of revenue, Perry Township
receives income from services that are provided to us
through grant dollars, as well as interest earned in our
bank account. In an effort to utilize our resources as
responsibly as possible we implement and invest in a way
that will keep adequate funds liquid while obtaining the
most effective return on our money.
DEALING WITH COMMUNITY ISSUES
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 1: HOW
 ____________________: set of rules or guidelines followed to make
decisions and carry out actions.
 ______________________: concerned with actions of the
government as it deals with issues that affect the entire community
 Not necessarily a law
 Health care, environment, to or not to build roads/buildings
 Ex. MADD
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 1: HOW
 Looking towards the future
 Planning Commission: oversees community growth
 _____________________ plan: 2-3 years
 Housing Construction
 ____________________ plan: 10-50 years
 Building of schools
 ___________________________: system of roads, bridges, water and sewer
 Priorities: most urgent goals for the community
 _____________________: Money, people, materials needed to accomplish goals
 _____________________: States the short and long-term goals and how the
community government will carry them out
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 2: EDUCATION
AND SOCIAL ISSUES
 62 million kids in school
 Recent History: 2001 President Bush signs the NCLB No Child Left Behind
Act authorizing 26.5 Billion in federal spending on education WITH rules
local schools MUST follow to get the $$$
 Problems: Gap between wealthy and poor school districts occurs because
$$ raised for education is based on property taxes and values of property
vary
 Debate: Should schools be allowed to put soda vending machines in to raise
money?
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 2: EDUCATION
AND SOCIAL ISSUES
 Challenges to Schools and Teachers:
 #1 = financial, drop out rates, low test scores, crime and violence on school property
 ____________________________: attempt to combat poor academic performance, over 30 states
permit. Schools receive state funding but are excused from meeting many public school regulations.

Hope that increased freedom will lead to innovative teaching
 _____________________ Cities and States can give to parents/guardians so child(ren) can attend
private school

Only a few cities are experimenting with this: Cleveland
 __________________________ Private businesses run the schools and earn a profit when they are
more efficient/improve the quality of education
 _________________________: Does it hold teachers more accountable or does it teach kids how to
take tests not learn?
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 2: EDUCATION
AND SOCIAL ISSUES
 Crime and Social Programs
 ____________________________
 More than 2 million inmates in prison in the US one of the highest % in the world
 Crime rates usually highest in large cities
 ________________________
 Urban police are the main crime fighting force in the nation
 County sheriffs and deputies (3000+) carry out law in rural areas
 Main job is to maintain the peace
 Community policing
 ______________________
 TANF- Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
 1995 14.2 million people on welfare by 2007 fewer than 4 million
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
 ____________________________ protecting the environment
 Changed from little state and local involvement in 1970 when Congress passed the Clean Air Act and
established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 ____________________: garbage
 American produce 250 million tons of solid waste each year

Typically disposed in landfills

Sometimes landfills have to be closed because rainwater going through has damaged the underground
drinking water
It’s getting harder to find a location to create a new landfill because citizens don’t want to live near them.
 Alternative is to burn waste but it releases air toxins

 ___________________: Reusing old materials to make new ones
 Conservation: preservation and protection of natural resources (lights)
 DEBATE: Should plastic bags be illegal?
PERRY TOWNSHIP RECYCLING DEPARTMENT
KENNY SHREFFLER, SUPERINTENDENT
LOCATION:
-5075 SOUTHWAY SW, CANTON, OHIO 44706
CONTACT:
330-478-4695
2011 STATISTICS:
WITHIN 2011, THE PERRY TOWNSHIP RECYCLING STATION HAS HAD 30,846 VEHICLES PASS THROUGH THE GATES AND HAS
COLLECTED 629.4 TONS OF RECYCLED MATERIALS.
YARD WASTE:
YARD WASTE IS ACCEPTED YEAR ROUND. DROP OFF LOCATION FOR YARD WASTE HAS CHANGED TO OUR ROAD DEPARTMENT,
1500 JACKSON AVE. SW, MASSILLON, OHIO 44646. SAME HOURS OF OPERATION AS RECYCLE.
ACCEPTED MATERIALS:
SODA BOTTLES, BEER BOTTLES, JUICE CONTAINERS, KETCHUP BOTTLES, WINE AND LIQUOR BOTTLES, FOOD CONTAINERS,
NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, CHIPBOARD, CARDBOARD, TIN CANS, CANS, PLASTIC, GLASS, SCRAP METAL AND TIRES.
NOT ACCEPTABLE:
MIRRORS, AUTO WINDSHIELDS, LIGHT BULBS, CLAY FLOWER POTS, LABORATORY GLASS, CRYSTAL, CERAMIC CUPS, PLATES,
CERAMIC BOTTLE TOPS, WINDOW GLASS, HEAT RESISTANT OVENWARE, OPAQUE/ MILK GLASS, DRINKING GLASSES, NO DIRT
AND NO ROCKS.
CHAPTER 14 SECTION 3:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
 ___________________: Water pollution comes mainly from factories
because they produce chemical waste
 EPA regulations are difficult to enforce
 Pollution from Individuals: Air pollution comes mainly from vehicles.
 _____________________ Radioactive waste from Nuclear Power
Plants is the most serious form. Pesticides from farmers is also on the
rise and a serious form of hazardous waste.
 Until 1970’s toxic waste was put in metal containers, encased with concrete and
dumped into the ocean. Not allowed anymore. Land only. Love Canal NY had to be
abandoned because of exposure.
 ______________________: begun by local citizens
 Sierra Club, Audubon Society, Wilderness Society