• Imagine your typical day and what you
currently do.
• Now, imagine what happens when you
take electricity away.
• What things could you no longer do
because of this invention and what
would do instead?
The Start of the Industrial
Revolution
Ch. 21.1-2
I. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
(1750 to 1850)
A. Industrial Revolution changed Europe from a
mostly agricultural economy to industrializationwork driven by machinery
B. Agricultural Revolution (started 1700)
1. New farming inventions, techniques, and new foods
increased food supply and increased population
2. Enclosure movement- wealthy farmers created
large, enclosed farms so poor farmers went to cities
for work
I. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
(1750 to 1850)
C. Started in Great Britain
because it had the four factors
of production:
1. Land: Lots of coal and iron,
waterways, shipping
2. Labor: growing population,
needed work, free to move
3. Capital: money for investment
4. Entrepreneurs: GB had the
political stability and business
friendly environment for risktakers
II. Cloth Making
A. Textiles were the
first major industry
1. Gained slave grown
cotton from America
2. At first woven into
cloth in homes in
cottage industries
II. Cloth Making
A. Inventions
1. Eli Whitney’s cotton ginremoved seeds from cotton
2. James Hargreave’sspinning
jenny- spun cotton into
threads
3. John Kay’s flying shuttleweaved yarn into cloth
B. Eventually production
moved to large factories,
putting cottage industries
out of business
• What were factory conditions like?
Page 641-644
III. Factory System
A. At first, factories
were powered by
watermills
B. Steam Engineinvented by James
Watt, created a new
source of power for
factories
III. Factory System
C. Entrepreneurs and
investors came together
to form corporationsbusinesses owned by a
group of people
D. Urbanization- movement
to cities people migrated
to mill towns or cities for
work increase in
pollution, disease, crime
III. Factory System
E. Conditions
1. Men, women, and
children worked in
factories
2. Long hours and
dangerous conditions
3. Some workers formed
labor unions to get
better conditions and
pay
– Mill Times Documentary
III. Factory System
F. Mass Production- system
of making many identical
items
1. Machines and
interchangeable partsidentical parts that could
easily be fixed or replaced
2. Production increased with
the innovation of the
assembly line- workers
divide their labor so
repetitively do a small task
in the production process
IV. Spread of the Industrial Revolution
A. Great Britain passed laws
to prevent machine
technology from
spreading
B. Some British
entrepreneurs moved to
the north of the USA
C. After French Revolution,
France and small German
states adopted
industrialization
IV. Spread of the Industrial Revolution
DBQ
• Once you finish all sources and questions.
• Create an outline using the sources to TURN
IN for a grade.
• What role does our government (U.S.) play
in society? What role do you think
government play in society?
Industrial Revolution and
Society
Ch. 21.3, 23.1
I. Economic Philosophy
A. Capitalism- advocated
by Adam Smith
1. No gov’t intervention in
the economy, people
guided by self-interest
2. Thomas Malthus believed
that population would
grow faster than food so
poverty was inevitable
I. Economic Philosophy
B. Socialism
1. Society/gov’tco
uld help control
economy in
order to benefit
all
2. Robert Owen
founded a failed
utopian society
based on
socialism
I. Economic Philosophy
C. Communism- radical
socialist ideas of Karl
Marx
1. Believed that the
workers (proletariat)
would rise up in
revolution against the
ruling class
(bourgeoisie)
2. The gov’t should control
everything to create
equality
Capitalism/Communism Quotes
• The following quotes were said by either
Adam Smith (Capitalism) or Karl Marx
(Communism).
• Match their names to the quotes on the three
next slides.
Capitalism/Communism Quotes
1. “The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the
ideas of its ruling class.”
2. “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the
brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but
from their regard to their own interest.”
3. “Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to
lose but your chains.”
4. “Every man is, no doubt, by nature, first and
principally recommended to his own care; and as he
is fitter to take care of himself than of any other
person, it is fit and right that it should be so.”
Capitalism/Communism Quotes
5. “Sell a man a fish, he eats for a day, teach a
man how to fish, you ruin a wonderful
business opportunity.”
6. “The real tragedy of the poor is the poverty
of their aspirations.”
7. “Every man, as long as he does no violate the
laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue
his own interests his own way, and to bring
both his industry and capital into competition
with those of any other man, or order of
men.”
Capitalism/Communism Quotes
8. “From each, according to his ability; to each,
according to his need.”
9. “Consumption is the sole end and purpose of
all production; and the interest of the
producer ought to be attended to, only so far
as it may be necessary for promoting that of
the consumer.”
10.“Abolish all private property.”
Warm-Up
• What changes took place in society during the
Industrial Revolution?
Page 649-651
II. Changes in Society
A. Increased population
1. Agricultural revolution,
more jobs, and better
medicine led to a large
population increases,
esp. in cities
2. Except in Ireland- a
Potato Famine led to 1
million starved and 1.5
million emigrated to
the USA
II. Changes in Society
B. Social Classes
1. New wealth increased
standard of living for all
classes because of lowcost goods
2. Middle class developed
for managers and
merchants
3. Some entrepreneurs
became very wealthy
dominating new
industries- Carnegie
(steel), Rockefeller (oil),
Vanderbilt (railroads)
• Titans of Industry
II. Changes in Society
C. Daily Life
1. New inventions
increased leisure time
that was used for
sports, entertainment,
and art
2. Transportation
increased travel and
movement
3. Lower class women
joined the work force
more
II. Changes in Society
D. Education
1. Education required
more for children
2. Newspapers informed
the public and got
them more politically
involved
III. British Reform Movement
A. Liberals- wanted to
reform society to
make it more equal
and give more
freedoms
B. Conservativeswanted to keep old
order of aristocracy
III. British Reform Movement
C. Reform Act of 1832- gave
voting rights to middle-class
men
D. Parliament passed a series
of Factory Acts that limited
working hours and gave
education for children and
improved factory conditions
E. Parliament abolished
slavery in their empire
III. British Reform Movement
F. A series of Voting
Acts (1867-1885)
extended suffrage
(right to vote) to
most men
G. Women did not gain
suffrage until 1918
Warm-Up
• What were some of the changes in society
during the Industrial Revolution?
Impact of the Industrial
Revolution
Ch. 22
I. Science
A. New Advancements
1. Medicine
a) Louis Pasteur discovered
the harmful effects of
bacteria and developed
ways of destroying them
b) Surgeries became safer
with the use of anesthetic
and Joseph Lister’s method
of killing germs using
anapestic
I. Science
2. Biology: Charles Darwin
developed the theory of
evolution- species change
as a result of natural
selection
3. Chemistry
a) Connection discovered b/w
magnetism and electricity
b) Periodic table developed
c) Marie and Pierre Curie
discovered some elements
release energy in
radioactivity
I. Science
4. Psychology: new field
studying the mind and
behavior
a) Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis
which focused on basic
human desires and the
unconscious mind
1) Thoughts mental illness
could be caused by
repressed thoughts in the
unconscious mind
I. Science
b) Pavlov, Skinner, and Watson worked on conditioningprocess of connecting behavior to a stimulus
Warm-Up
• Moonlight Sonata
• Does the following piece make you feel
anything?
• Are you reminded of a certain scene or does it
make you recall a specific memory in your life?
I. Science
B. New Inventions
1. Electric powersmaller machines and
factories anywhere
2. Telegraph- invented
by Samuel Morse,
allowed fast global
communication
Morse Code
A .E .
I ..
M -Q --.U ..Y -.-2 ..--6 -....
B -...
F ..-.
J .--N -.
R .-.
V ...Z --..
3 ...-7 --...
C -.-.
G --.
K -.O --S ...
W .-0 ----4 ....8 ---..
D -..
H ....
L .-..
P .--.
T X -..1 .---5 .....
9 ----.
I. Science
3. Steamship- allowed
transportation
upriver and w/o wind
4. Railroad- made
transportation over
land fast and cheap
I. Science
5. Telephone- invented
by Alexander
Graham Bell
6. Lightbulb- invented
by Thomas Edison
7. Radio- wireless
communication and
entertainment
II. Art
A. Romanticism:
Emphasis on personal
emotional expression
1. Focused on the
individual, imagination,
and liberty
2. Ludwig van
Beethoven- inspiration
to Romantic artists
because of
emotionalism in his
music
1.
Beethoven Songs
Romanticism
II. Art
B. Realism: show the
reality of everyday life
1. Focus on objective
reality discovered by the
individual
2. Charles Dickens wrote
novels that showed
hardships of the poor
because of
industrialization
Realism
II. Art
C. Impressionism: used
bright colors and
brushstrokes to
recreate a way of
looking at everyday
things
III. Foreign Policy
A. Great Britain gave self-government to Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand but held tight control
over Ireland
III. Foreign Policy
B. Demand for more resources for factories drove
Europeans to take over new lands
III. Foreign Policy
C. New weapons
from the
Industrial
Revolution
made it easier
to dominate
most of the
world’s
population