Digital Libraries à la Carte
International Ticer School 2009
Tilburg University
31 July, 2009
Web2.0 features in
integrated search systems
Benoit PAUWELS
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Brussels
Agenda
• What is Web2.0?
• Web2.0 in VuFind
– Amazon reviews
– DI-fusion: mashup with ULB Libraries blog
– Social bookmarking with “ShareThis”
• Contextual Web2.0 services
What is Web2.0?
• Web1.0
– Static web pages
• Web1.5
– Dynamic web pages, data coming from databases
• Web2.0
– Short answer: reference to a group of technologies: blogs,
wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts, …
– Long answer: economics, technology and new ideas about the
connected society
– Ergonomic, rich, mashed-up user interfaces
– Interaction between end users / a more socially connected web
– Collaboration, contribution, community
• Web2.0 is NOT
– a bunch of new web technologies
– a new version of the Web
What is Web2.0?
• “If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that
is people to people. But that was what the Web was
supposed to be all along. And, in fact, you know,
this ‘Web2.0’, it means using the standards which
have been produced by all these people working on
Web1.0.”
- Tim Berners Lee
• Web2.0 is about creating new web-based
services and applications using (practically)
identical technologies as those that were put in
place at the birth of the Web
What is Web2.0?
Web 1.0
OFoto
Britannica Online
Personal Home Page
Publishing
Content Management
Directories
(Taxonomies)
External Links
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
→
O’Reilly – What is Web 2.0
Web 2.0
Flickr
Wikipedia
Blog
Participation
Wiki
Tagging
(Folksonomies)
Syndication
What is Web2.0?
• 2.0: a buzzword ?
–
–
–
–
–
–
Media 2.0
Law 2.0
Advertising 2.0
Democracy 2.0
Identity 2.0
Library 2.0
• use of “2.0” technologies (blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, etc…)
• Go to where the users are, rather than force then to come to us
• Give users opportunities to contribute
–
–
–
–
–
OPAC 2.0
Villes 2.0
Learning 2.0
Search&Find 2.0
…
What is Web2.0?
• Recommended reading
Anderson, Paul. 2007. What is Web 2.0? Ideas,
technologies and implications for education. JISC
Technology and Standards Watch. Feb. 2007. Available
online at:
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/t
sw0701b.pdf
What is Web2.0?
• RSS –really simple syndication
• Wikis
• New Programming Tools:
AJAX, API
• Blogs and blogging
• Recommender Functionality
• Personalized Alert
• Web Services
• Folksonomies, Tagging and
Tag Clouds
• Social Networking
• Open access, Open Source,
Open Content
• Screencasting
• Commentary and comments
• Personalization and My
Profiles
• Podcasting and MP3 files
• Streaming Media –audio and
video
• User-driven Reviews
• Rankings & User-driven
Ratings
• Instant Messaging and Virtual
Reference
• Photos (e.g. Flickr, Picasa)
• Socially Driven Content
• Social Bookmarking
Web2.0 in VuFind
• Faceted search experience
• Holding information and availability
• Tagging / Comments
– Local knowledge base; restricted to community known to
administrator of VuFind instance
• Social bookmarking
– Using “ShareThis”
• Data mash-ups
– Book item reviews
– Book cover pages
• RSS syndication
– For every search query
Faceted search experience
ILS specific ‘drivers’ for holding
information and availability status
Voyager, Aleph, III,
SirsiDynix , Koha, Evergreen
Social features: tagging, comments
Social bookmarks
Data mashups:
- book covers: Amazon, Syndetic, Google
Books
- book item reviews: Amazon, Syndetic
RSS feed per search query
Web2.0 in VuFind – Amazon review
• API request
http://webservices.amazon.com/onca/xml/
?Service=AWSECommerceService
&SubscriptionId=yyyy
&Operation=ItemLookup
&ResponseGroup=Reviews
&ItemId=0415235243
• XML response contains review(s) for book with ISBN
« 0415235243 »
• VuFind PHP code analyzes this XML, extracts the
review(s) and presents it in suitable XHTML
….
<Item>
<ASIN>0415235243</ASIN>
<CustomerReviews>
<AverageRating>4.0</AverageRating>
<TotalReviews>4</TotalReviews>
<TotalReviewPages>1</TotalReviewPages>
<Review>
<ASIN>0415235243</ASIN>
<Rating>5</Rating>
<HelpfulVotes>3</HelpfulVotes>
<CustomerId>A1SGKLIBZ4L8FX</CustomerId>
<TotalVotes>5</TotalVotes>
<Date>2006-06-21</Date>
<Summary>
An Impressive Volume With Critical Essays on Naturalism From a Diverse Field of Scholars
</Summary>
<Content>
This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and epistemology.
Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William Dembski. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Koons begins by noting that there is a simple correlation between existence and the requirement of some non-natural first
cause. He observes an irony that science thinks it requires naturalism, when our very ability to practice science, due to the orderly, reliable, and
predictable behavior of the universe implies a non-natural intelligent cause. Scientific dependence upon naturalism is self-refuting. &lt;br
/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Moreland's quotes Plato to reveal that there really is nothing new under the sun: scholars have been debating naturalism
for millennia, and naturalists have been ever pugnacious in their insistence that mutual co-existence is not an option. Moreland recounts that
the great philosopher wrote in Sophist: &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"They [naturalists] define reality as the same thing as body, and as soon as one
of the opposite party asserts that anything without a body is real, they are utterly contemptuous and will not listen to another word. ...
On this issue an interminable battle is always going on between the two camps." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Yet the battle may eventually be over if the
cosmological data presented by William Lane Craig has anything to do with it. Craig recounts the history of cosmology from when where scholars
celebrated an eternal universe with no beginning or end, to one where the universe either has a "supernatural cause" or "one must say that the
universe simply sprang into being out of nothing" (Big Bang cosmology mandates an expanding universe that is finite in both space and time.).
Craig recounts the words of one team of scientists: "The problem of the origin [of the universe] involves a certain metaphysical aspect which
may be either appealing or revolting." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;William Dembski closes the volume by arguing that naturalism is no more supported
by the scientific data in biology than it is supported in cosmology. Irreducible complexity in nature disallows the possibility that life arose via
naturalistic mechanisms. It also signifies an intelligent cause that scientists cannot deny any longer.
</Content>
</Review>
…..
</CustomerReviews>
</item>
</Items>
</ItemLookupResponse>
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
• DI-fusion @ ULB homepage contains 5 most recent blog
entries of Blogus operandi
• Blogus operandi:
– http://blogusoperandi.blogspot.com/
– blog entries available as RSS feed
• Create mxml file (FlexBuilder – Adobe)
– AJAX request for RSS blog entries
– Control number of entries to show, layout, etc…
Compile with mxmlc into a flash document
• Insert HTML <object> element in homepage, loading
the flash document
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" …>
<mx:HTTPService id="feedRequest"
url="http://feeds.feedburner.com/BlogusOperandi?format=xml" …/>
<mx:Panel id="centerPannel" width="260" … title="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.title}">
<mx:DataGrid dataProvider="{feedRequest.lastResult.rss.channel.item}" …>
<mx:columns>
<mx:DataGridColumn headerText="Derniers billets sur le blog" dataField="title"/>
</mx:columns>
</mx:DataGrid
</mx:Panel >
</mx:Application>
Web2.0 in VuFind – blog mashup
Web2.0 in VuFind – ShareThis
• Insert following JavaScript at an appropriate
location
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://w.sharethis.com/widget/
?tabs=web%2Cemail
&amp;charset=utf-8
&amp;services=reddit%2Cfacebook%2Cdigg%2Cdelicious
%2Cstumbleupon%2Ctechnorati%2Cgoogle_bmarks
%2Cyahoo_myweb%2Cmagnolia%2Cfurl
&amp;style=default
&amp;publisher=cab05d36-ae42-46db-8dbd-199aea87c990
&amp;linkfg=%230066cc">
</script>
Integrate Web2.0 in portal
• Synchronous/asynchronous Web2.0 services
– AJAX: “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML”
• Each Web2.0 service comes with its own API
– API Request
– (XML) Response
• Process of data mashup
– Portal sends HTTP request to Web2.0 service, including some
metadata of the object
– Some (simple) XML is sent back from the Web2.0 service to
the portal
– The portal analyzes the XML and presents the information in
an “ergonomic” way
Integrate Web2.0 in portal
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
Catalog
XML - Catalog
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
XML – Amazon reviews
Amazon
Reviews
VuFind
LocalComments(LocalID)
PHP construct
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)
Local
comment KB
Facebook
Contextual Web2.0 services
• Portal is in full control of which Web2.0 services are
delivered to end user. This does not necessarily
correspond to what the end user wants:
– Against the idea of Web2.0 (« power to the people »)
• Some examples:
– Holdings & availability: view holdings of my library
– Tagging: create and view tags from a specific disciplinary KB
– Social bookmarking: on specific platforms
• Institution policy favors Facebook
• Group of experts use specific platform for peer-to-peer communication
• Desire to “social bookmark” on same platform, irrespective of which
portal used
– Comments, reviews: language dependent
– Portal specific
• Eg BICTel: show biography of director of ethesis
Contextual Web2.0 services
• www.listio.com/web20
• www.econsultant.com/web2
Contextual Web2.0 services
• Metadata of object + context within which this object
is used determines which Web2.0 services should be
presented to end user
• Context determined through:
– Institutional settings
– Personal settings
• Set in the portal
• Derived from some KB
• Existing standard and technology
– Express metadata + context: OpenURL ContextObject
(Z39.88 -- http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-88-2004/)
– OpenURL Resolver
Contextual Web2.0 services
• OpenURL ContextObject: 6 Entities
– The object:
• Referent
– The context:
•
•
•
•
•
ServiceType
Requester
Referrer
ReferringEntity
Resolver
• Each of the entites can be described through
– identitifer(s)
– metadata, according to registered XML schema
– private data
Contextual Web2.0 services
CatalogHoldingAndAvail(ISBN)
Catalog
XML - Catalog
AmazonReviews(ISBN)
XML – Amazon reviews
Amazon
Reviews
VuFind
LocalComments(LocalID)
PHP construct
BookmarkOnFacebook(title,permalink)
Local
comment KB
Facebook
Contextual Web2.0 services
CO
{H&A;ISBN}
API1
My Catalog
XML?
XML1
CO
{Revs;ISBN}
API2
XML?
VuFind
CO
{Comms;ISBN}
XML2
OpenURL
resolver
API3
XML?
CO
{Bkmark;t,pl}
XML?
XML3
KB
Amazon
Reviews
Nuclear
Physics
comment KB
Contextual Web2.0 services
API1
My Catalog
XML1
Portal
CO
{H&A,Revs,Comms,BkMark;
t,pl,isbn}
API2
OpenURL
resolver
XML2
Amazon
Reviews
XML?
API3
KB
XML3
Nuclear
Physics
comment KB
Contextual Web2.0 services
• APIx, XMLx
– Knowledge of API’s and returned XML must be available in the
OpenURL resolver
• OpenURL resolver analyzes, transforms and merges
« XMLx » responses into one « XML? »
• XML?
– Proposal: express Web2.0 services for an object as a
ContextObject
– Aim: registered OFI Community Profile
– Name: OXO - Open Contextual Services for Objects
• 0.2 draft specifications
• collaborative effort: TU-NL, TUD-NL, UGent-BE, ULB-BE, VUB-BE
• http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~bpauwels/OXO/oxo.docx
OXO
• Metadata format for a
referent - expressing
services
• Possibilities:
– Service
• type
–
–
–
–
info:ofi/svc:holdings
info:ofi/svc:review
info:ofi/svc:comment
...
• description (short, long)
–
Instance of a service
• description (short, long, full)
• full description:
– text | external
• transaction:
– description (short, long)
– action: text | url
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">holding
<shortDescription>Paper holdings
<longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription>
<text>SILO-NB – P.052403 | ONSITE ONLY
| 1(1897)-7(1903) ; 9(1905)<external>
<format>info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775
<iso:holdings>…</iso:holdings>
<transaction>
<action type="text">
Fill out form at circulation desk
OXO: Amazon review
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">review
<shortDescription>Reviews
<longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<shortDescription>Supplied by Amazon
<fullDescription>
<text>
This impressive volume contains critical essays on naturalism from
the perspectives of theology, ethics, cosmology, ontology, and
epistemology. Various Discovery Fellows make contributions including
Robert C. Koons, J.P. Moreland, William Lane Craig, and William
Dembski
…
<transaction>
<action type="url“>http://amazon.com/dp/0415235243
OXO: social bookmarking
<svc>
<type authority="info:ofi/svc">bookmark
<shortDescription>Social bookmarking
<longDescription>…
<svcInstance>
<fullDescription>
<text>Share this on Facebook
<transaction>
<action type="url">
http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fbibliography.lib
rary.villanova.edu%2FRecord%2F4591&t=Aiding%20and%20opposing%20mi
xed-convection%20heat%20transfer%20in%20a%20vertical%20tube