Unit 4 Grammar Test Study Review Guide
Identifying Verb Conjugations
Verbs can be identified by looking at their first and second principal parts.
1st conjugation: -o, -are (porto, portare… narro, narrare… etc.)
2nd conjugation: -eo, ēre (doceo, docēre… moneo, monēre… etc.)
3rd conjugation: -o, -ere (rego, regere… duco, ducere… etc.)
3rd –io conjugation: -io, -ere (capio, capere… facio, facere… etc.)
4th conjugation: -io, -ire (venio, venire… munio, muniore… etc.)
Self-check:
____ SAMPLE.
a. first
b. second
c. third
debeo, debere, debui, debitus
d. third -io
e. fourth
Present Tense: 3rd, 3rd –io, 4th conjugation Verbs
Present Tense: 3rd conjugation verbs drop the “e” from their stem and use an “i” or “u” instead. 3rd –
io’s and 4th’s also use “i” and “iu” in their charts.
Perfect Tense: All verbs use the same perfect tense endings. Look for the perfect stem (3rd principal
part minus the –i) since it’s usually spelled a lot differently than the others.
3rd conjugation: rego, regere, rexi, rectus: rule
Present:
rego regimus
I rule
we rule
REG-
regis regitis
you rule y’all rule
regit regunt
he rules they rule
Perfect: rexi
reximus I ruled
we ruled
REX-
rexisti
rexistis
rexit
rexerunt he ruled they ruled
you ruled y’all ruled
3rd –io conjugation: capio, capere, cepi, captus: take
Present:
capio capimus
I take
CAP-
capis capitis
you take y’all take
capit capiunt
he takes
we take
Perfect: cepi
cepimus I took
CEP-
cepisti
cepistis
cepit
ceperunt he took they took
they take
we took
you took y’all took
4th: conjugation: audio, audire, audivi, auditus: hear
Present:
audio audimus
I take
AUDI-
audis auditis
you take y’all take
audit audiunt
he takes
we take
Perfect: audivi
AUDIV-
they take
audivimus I took
audivisti audivistis
audivit
you took y’all took
audiverunt he took they took
Infinitives
Infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb. They end in –re and are translated “TO verb.”
portare: to carry
Aquam portare non amo. I do not like to carry water.
habere: to have
Habere amicos est bonum. To have friends is good.
Self-Check (use capio, capere, cepi, captus: take)
1. capiunt ________
2. capere ________
3. ceperunt ________
A. they took
B. to take
C. they take
“Ago” phrases
The verb “ago” translates many different ways. Be familiar with the following phrases:
equum agere: to drive a horse
praedam agere: to carry off loot
multum agere: to be busy, do much
gratias agere: to give thanks (to)
causam agere: to plead a case
vitam agere: to live a life
de officiis agere: to discuss duties
ALSO KNOW YOUR “LATIN ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ENGLISH”
we took