WEB 2.0
•
Web 2.0 is an attitude not a technology. It's about enabling
and encouraging participation through open applications and
services. By open I mean technically open with appropriate
APIs but also, more importantly, socially open, with rights
granted to use the content in new and exciting contexts.
• Web 2.0 is a term popularized by O'Reilly Media and MediaLive
International as the name for a series of web development
conferences that started in October 2004.
• Oreille Net is the main organization which is dealing with
standards for Web 2.0
• The figure above shows a "meme map" of Web 2.0 that
was developed at a brainstorming session during FOO
Camp, a conference at O'Reilly Media. It's very much a
work in progress, but shows the many ideas that radiate
out from the Web 2.0 core
• Like many important concepts, Web 2.0 doesn't have a
hard boundary, but rather, a gravitational core. You can
visualize Web 2.0 as a set of principles and practices
that tie together a veritable solar system of sites that
demonstrate some or all of those principles, at a varying
distance from that core.
•
This is an attempt to clarify just what is meant by Web 2.0.( features
available or differences in Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 approach)
– Web 1.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DoubleClick
Ofoto
Akamai
mp3.com
Britannica Online
personal websites
Evite
domain name speculation
page views
screen scraping
Publishing
content management systems
directories (taxonomy)
stickiness-->syndication
Web 2.0
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
-->
Google AdSense
Flickr
BitTorrent
Napster
Wikipedia
blogging
upcoming.org and EVDB
search engine optimization
cost per click
web services
participation
wikis
tagging ("folksonomy")
We can conclude from the above
figure that
•
Web 2.0 is not a specific software or some registered trademark of
Microsoft or Google, but a buzzword describing a collection of approaches
to using the net in new and very innovative ways.
•
Web 2.0 is based on technologies like Ajax, a web development approach
based on JavaScript and the XML programming language. This mix of
technologies allows pages to function more like desktop-based applications
rather than as old-fashioned static content pages as we have been used to
find on the Web
•
Web 2.0 refers to technologies that allow data to become independent
of the person who produced it or the site it originated on. It deals with
how information can be broken up into units that flow freely from one site to
another, often in ways the producer did not foresee or intend.
•
The Web 2.0 paradigm allows net users to pull information from a variety of
sites simultaneously and deliver it on their own site to achieve new
purposes.
•
With Ajax-powered sites, users can interact with information inside
individual pages as if they were using a software application, leaving the old
web metaphor of a sequential navigation path among static web pages.
•
Web 2.0 lets data act as its own entity, which can be changed, altered or
remixed by anyone for any specific purpose. When data is an entity, the net
moves from a collection of websites to a true web of sites that can interact
and process information collectively
•
But it is not a world of stealing others’ work or pirating information for
one’s own gain. Instead, Web 2.0 is a product of the open-source, sharing
notions the internet was founded on, and makes data more connected. This
allows new information and business opportunities to be built upon the
shoulders of the information that came before.
• Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most of the intrinsic
advantages of that platform: delivering software as a continuallyupdated service that gets better the more people use it, consuming
and remixing data from multiple sources, including individual users,
while providing their own data and services in a form that allows
remixing by others, creating network effects through an "architecture
of participation," and going beyond the page metaphor of Web 1.0 to
deliver rich user experiences.
• The technology infrastructure of Web 2.0 is complex and evolving; it
includes server software, content syndication, messaging protocols,
standards-based browsers, and various client applications. These
differing but complementary approaches provide Web 2.0 with
information storage, creation, and dissemination capabilities that go
beyond what was formerly expected of websites.
•
One of the most highly touted features of the Web 2.0 era is the rise of blogging. (a blog is just a personal home
page in diary format )
•
One of the things that has made a difference is a technology called RSS("Really Simple Syndication" technology ).
•
RSS allows someone to link not just to a page, but to subscribe to it, with notification every time that page
changes. Some call it the "live web". What's dynamic about the live web are not just the pages, but the links. A
link to a web log is expected to point to a perennially changing page, with "permalinks" for any individual entry, and
notification for each change. An RSS feed is thus a much stronger link than, say a bookmark or a link to a single
page.
•
With Web 2.0 RSS kicks in the turbo and becomes widely used to syndicate, filter and re-mix news, articles and
other types of content into new information items. It is in fact in the remixing, in the skilled selection and
juxtaposition of existing content and information that the greatest potential of the Web 2.0 paradigm truly lies.
•
Web 2.0 thrives on another cool technology called RSS. As many of you already know, RSS allows users to get
automatic updates when a site changes instead of checking it all the time to get the latest information. One simply
subscribes to the site’s RSS feed, and as content changes the information is automatically delivered to your RSS
reader or aggregator.
“The value of the software is proportional to the scale and dynamism of the data it helps to manage, and to the
richness of the user experience and the amount of satisfaction it offers.”
•
It is a new concept to use WEB for all content and applications. In essence
Web will become a portal.
•
One other feature of Web 2.0 that deserves mention is the fact that it's no
longer limited to the PC platform.
•
To date, iTunes is the best exemplar of this principle. This application
seamlessly reaches from the handheld device to a massive web back-end,
with the PC acting as a local cache and control station.
•
Tunes and TiVo also demonstrate many of the other core principles of Web
2.0. They are not web applications per se, but they leverage the power of
the web platform, making it a seamless, almost invisible part of their
infrastructure.
•
This is one of the areas of Web 2.0 where we expect to see some of the
greatest change, as more and more devices are connected to the new
platform.
•
Proponents of the Web 2.0 approach believe that Web usage is increasingly oriented
toward interaction and rudimentary social networks, which can serve content that
exploits network effects with or without creating a visual, interactive web page. In one
view, Web 2.0 sites act more as points of presence, or user-dependent web portals,
than as traditional websites. They have become so advanced new internet users
cannot create these websites, they are only users of web services, done by specialist
professional experts.
•
What is now termed "Web 1.0" often consisted of static HTML pages that were
updated rarely, if at all. They depended solely on HTML, which a new Internet user
could learn fairly easily.
•
It has since come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of
architecture and application development for the World Wide Web. Web 2.0
applications often use a combination of techniques devised in the late 1990s,
including public web service APIs (dating from 1998), Ajax (1998), and web
syndication (1997).
•
Overview of Web 2.0 techniques
•
A website could be said to be built using Web 2.0 technologies if it features a number
of the following techniques:
•
Technical
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unobtrusive Rich Internet Application techniques (such as Ajax)
CSS
Semantically valid XHTML markup and/or the use of Microformats
Advanced User Interface languages such as XUL and SVG
Flash Remoting
Syndication of data in RSS/Atom
Aggregation of RSS/Atom data
Clean and meaningful URLs
Weblog publishing
REST or XML Webservice APIs
Some social networking aspects
•
General
•
The site should not act as a "walled garden" - it should be easy to get data
in and out of the system.
Users usually own their data on the site and can modify at their
convenience
Mainly web-based - most successful Web 2.0 applications can be used
almost entirely through a web browser: this is commonly referred to by the
phrase "network as platform".
Applicable to an emerging generation of game development, proposed as
thin games
Data returns should be dynamic, not static, changing depending on
variables associated with the user's query (e.g. keywords, location).
The first and most important evolution towards Web 2.0 involves the
syndication of website content, using standardized protocols which permit
end-users to make use of a site's data in another context, ranging from
another website, to a browser plugin, or a separate desktop application.
•
•
•
•
•
Let us Consider one example from
Web 1.0
•
•
Akamai is a company which is specialized in content publishing, replication
and web 2.0 technology.
Let me give you one example of content functionality
For example I have a website hosted in USA but there may be users from
different parts of world (say India, China) want to get to my site. If there are
any images or download files serving from USA has to go thru whole
internet delaying the website to open or server. Instead Akamai has servers
over whole world and they replication this content to different parts of world.
So if a user is opening a site from India, he or she will be recognized by the
location and the content will be servers from his/her nearest location
Akamai's Edge Platform is the world's largest distributed computing network,
consisting of more than 15,000 servers worldwide
This is one of their specialization, but they may have improvements and
involvements in different upcoming (web 2.0) technologies.
Let us Consider one example from
Web 2.0 (Bit Torrent)
• Here it is peer to peer sharing and downloading. It uses all the
resources from all the systems involved in the network and using
that software.
• Here every client is also a server; files are broken up into fragments
that can be served from multiple locations, transparently harnessing
the network of downloader's to provide both bandwidth and data to
other users. The more popular the file, in fact, the faster it can be
served, as there are more users providing bandwidth and fragments
of the complete file.
• Bit Torrent thus demonstrates a key Web 2.0 principle: the service
automatically gets better the more people use it. While Akamai must
add servers to improve service.
Summary
By summarizing what we believe to be the core competencies of Web 2.0 companies are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Services, not packaged software, with cost-effective scalability
Control over unique, hard-to-recreate data sources that get richer as more people use them
Trusting users as co-developers
Harnessing collective intelligence
Leveraging the long tail through customer self-service
Software above the level of a single device
Lightweight user interfaces, development models, AND business models
Note: As we are involved in the development of Java/J2ee here is an article that explains about
How to Improve J2EE Performance and Reliability
http://www.akamai.com/en/resources/pdf/press/Akamai_Article_Computerworld_J2EE_Perf.pdf
Some great examples of this Web 2.0 approach are available at :
http://www.masternewmedia.org/web_2/web_2_examples/web2_examples_of_services_and_appl
ications_20051006.htm
•
References:-- 1) http://www.digital-web.com/articles/web_2_for_designers/
•
2) http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=1
• "For corporate people, the Web is a
platform for business. For marketers, the
Web is a platform for communications. For
journalists, the Web is a platform for new
media. For geeks, the Web is a platform
for software development. And so on."