Nanotechnology
A Brief Overview
-Identifying Opportunities and Strategies-
“We are placing bets on things we can do
uniquely well.
First, new ways to power the world.
Second, molecular medicine.
And third, nanotechnology.”
- Jeff Immelt, CEO, General Electric
2
What is Nanotech?
NanoTechnology – Art and science of manipulating atoms and
molecules to create new systems, materials, and devices.
Nanomeasurement – Size
Nanomanipulation – Building from the bottom up.
3
Size Matters
How Big is a Nano?
–
Nano = 1 billionth;100,000
x’s smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
–
–
4
A cubic micron of water
contains about 90 billion
atoms. A micron is one
thousandth of a millimeter,
and a thousand times
larger than a nanometer.
Another way to visualize a
nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000
nanometers
Applied Nanotechnology –
Examples of Current Research and Applications
Materials Science
5
Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,
C-NanoFabrics
Energy
Solar Power and PhotoVoltaics, Hydrogen Fuel
Cells, LED White Light
Medicine/Biotech
Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip,
C-Nanotubes,BuckyBalls
Electronics
MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits
Devices
Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM, MEMS
Disruptive Apps - Materials








6
Fiber that is stronger than spider web
Metal 100 x’s stronger than steel, 1/6 weight
Catalysts that respond more quickly and to more agents
Plastics that conduct electricity
Coatings that are nearly frictionless –(Shipping Industry)
Materials that change color and transparency on demand.
Materials that are self repairing, self cleaning, and never need
repainting.
Nanoscale powders that are five times as light as plastic but
provide the same radiation protection as metal.
Disruptive Apps - Energy



7
Fuel cell technology becomes cost effective
within 3 years.
Batteries that store more energy and are
much more efficient
Plastics and paints that will store solar power
and convert to energy for $1 per watt.
Disruptive Apps - Computing




8
Silicon is hitting its size limit, Moore’s law
reaches maximum in 2007
SuperChips –Combination of Silicon and
Galium Arsenide create wireless chips
Plastic semiconductors manufactured by
regular printing devices – cheaply produced.
Electronic Paper
Disruptive Apps – Bio Medicine







9
Cosmetics that can penetrate the skin
Cures for Aids, Cancers, Alzheimer's, Diabetes
Ability to view cells In vivo - Fast Drug Creation
Nanomaterials that can see inside vessels for plaque
buildup
Technology that can re-grow bone and organs
NanoSensors for disease detection – 10x’s faster
and 100,000 x’s more accurate
Nanofilters will help create impurity free drugs.
Key Terms You Need to Know







10
BuckyBalls
Carbon Nanotubes
MEMS
Quantum Dots
Molecular Self
Repair/Assembly
MRAM/Spintronics
Lithography
Carbon Nanotubes




11
4 nm width (smaller
diameter than DNA)
100x’s stronger than
steel 1/6 weight
Thermal/electrically
conductive
Metallic and SemiConductive
BuckyBalls – C
60




12
Roundest and most
symmetrical molecule
known to man
Compressed – becomes
stronger than diamond
Third major form of pure
carbon
Heat resistance and
electrical conductivity
MEMS and Quantum Dots
Micro Sized Motor
13
Quantum Dot
Obstacles and Hurdles
14

Mass Production/Throughput and Cost
Constraints

Funding Requires Long-Term Investments

Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office
that is Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified
The International Race for
Nanotech Supremacy

1998 Bill Clinton Signed the NNI
Government
Nanotech Funding

June 2003 - Congress approves
$2.3b in additional funding
(In Billions)

Europe and Asia are Moving Fast –
Maybe Faster


15
S.Korea just announced a $2b
gov. initiative
Why? Because Winner controls
manufacturing for next century
800
600
400
200
0
98 000 002 003
19
2
2
2
U.S
Japan
Europe
Other
Source: IEEE Spectrum August
2003
U.S Market
Nanomaterials Projections
(In Billions)
$35,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$125
$1,000
$0
2000
16
2007
2020
Source: The Fredonia Group
Resources
18

Must Read Books
–
As the Future Catches You – Juan Enriquez
–
Investors Guide to Nanotechnology and Micromachines – Glenn Fishbine
–
Next Big Thing Is Really Small: How Nanotechnology Will Change the Future of Your
Business – Jack Uldrich, Deb Newberry
–
Hacking Matter – Will McCarthey

Periodicals
–
Forbes/Wolfe Nanotech Report
–
MIT Technology Review
–
Science
–
Nature

Web – www.nanotechgroup.org