Throwlike and Pushlike Movement Patterns
(source: Kreighbaum 1996 ed, pp 335-355)
• Usual objectives of throw and push patterns
• projection of objects for greatest horiz or vert dist
– ex : javelin, discus, shotput
• projection of objects for accuracy with speed a factor
– ex: volleyball, tennis, racquetball, baseball pitch
• Movement pattern terminology review
• Throwing patterns are further defined as underarm, sidearm, or overarm
(See Table on slide 2)
• Skills listed under each pattern differ because of constraints
– ex: rules governing implement or ball, rules governing target.
• Open and Closed chain movements
• Open kinetic chain - sequential segmental action, end segment is free to
move (e.g., baseball pitch)
• Closed kinetic chain - simultaneous end segment movement, end segment
meets with “considerable resistance “ (e.g., shot put)
Common movement patterns
(Table J.1, p 336)
Understanding questions on segmental
movement concepts and terminology
• List three general movement patterns and one sport skill
under each pattern.
• How does one distinguish between a movement pattern and
a spot skill?
• List one sport skill using an overarm, an underarm, and a
sidearm parttern.
• List two open kinetic chain activities.
• List two closed kinetic chain activities.
• What is the difference between an open skill and an open
kinetic chain activity?
• What is the difference between a closed skill and a closed
kinetic chain activity?
Throw-like patterns
• Characteristics of throw-like patterns
– can be a strike or a kick
– high end-point velocity is critical
– sequential segmental action, object lags behind elbow and/or shoulder
• Open kinetic link model – see slides 6 & 7
• Linear motion of a point on a rotating segment: V = r
• Sequencing segmental rotations - kinetic link principle
–
–
–
–
system has a base and a free open end
segmental masses progressively decrease
an external torque is applied at the base to initiate the movement
segmental rotational acceleration is timed sequentially
• A model of an open kinetic link system – See slide 9
• Throwlike movements performed while in the air – See slide 10
Understanding questions on
sequential segmental rotations
• Which of the following activities does the open kinetic link
principle applies: soccer punt, golf swing, jab in boxing,
back handspring takeoff, hammering a nail, hammer throw,
football pass, bowling.
• State three principles that relate to the use of body segments
in generating velocity on the open end of the open kinetic
chain.
• How does the radius of gyration relate to throwing an object
or swinging an implement?
• Describe the differences in the radius of gyration and the
radius of rotation in relation to throwlike movements.
Relate those to linear and angular velocity.
Three-segment kinetic link model
Threesegment
model:
(Fig j.2,
p 339)
Whip-like action of segmental system
Three-segment model when
airborne:
Throwing motion (sequential)
Segmental sequence when throwing
Pushlike Movements
• Pushlike patterns - Simultaneous segmental actions
– Objective is accuracy, or large motive force
– Distal segments move simultaneously, resulting in rectilinear
movement of distal segment
– Four differences in throw and push (p 350). In throws:
• distal segment “lags back”, segments move sequentially, object moves
curvilinearly, wheel-axle movements (shoulder and hip rotation) involved
• Movements lie on a throw-push continuum, the location
depending on constraints of performer and object:
– performer strength and skill
– object mass, size, and shape
Understanding questions on
pushlike and throwlike patterns
• What four factors distinguish a pushlike pattern from a
throwlike pattern?
• List five constraints of the activity, equipment, or
performers that would have the effect of putting a pushlike
element into an otherwise ideal throwlike pattern.
• List three skills that are not throws per se but that use the
upper extremity in a throwlike pattern.
• List three skills that use the upper or lower extremity in a
pushlike pattern.
Pushing Motions
Development of throwing motion
Push with arm
shoulder rotation
Step with opposite leg
Step with leg on same side