Cellular Reproduction
Cells make cells
th
6th Period
Period
5th
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What is the Structure of DNA?
Is this DNA?
What is the Structure of DNA in the
cell?
Chromosomes
Chromosome:
• a coiled, double rodshaped form of
condensed DNA that
forms during cell
division.
Reading anyone???
• DNA is normally found in long strands in the cell
nucleus.
• The coiled structures we call chromosomes are
found in cells only during cell division.
• DNA is duplicated prior to cell division. When the
chromosomes form, one side of each
chromosome consists of the original cell DNA
while the other side consists of the duplicated
DNA.
• One half of each chromosome goes to both cells
during cell division.
• This insures that the new cell will have exactly the
same genetic make-up as the original cell.
Every species has a distinct number of
chromosomes.
• Humans have 46
chromosomes (23
pairs).
Diploid Number
(Body Cells)
Haploid Number
(Gametes)
Human
46
23
Mouse
40
20
Garden Pea
14
7
Kangaroo
12
6
Domestic Fowl
36
18
Fruit Fly
8
4
Rye
14
7
Crayfish
200
100
Organism
Male Karyotype Female Karyotype
Since DNA condenses
into them in cell
division…you have to
know what
chromosomes are.
Why do cells divide?
 size and shape matter for function
SS – BIO – 10/20&21
Explain with detail your answer to
the following question:
Why do cells divide?
Why do cells divide?
Some cells are big
But this is not the norm….
• Watch this…
Binary Fission - Prokaryotes
Making a new Factory…
• Must copy Blueprints.
– What are the blueprints?
• _ _ _ Replication
• Rolled up Blue Prints = Chromosomes
– Condensing
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
PMAT
P–
M–
A–
T–
Pneumonic with gestures…
Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell
Draw an animal cell with 6 (2n=6)
chromosomes that is in anaphase.
• Details! – Clearly label all components
• Bonus: Will the daughter cells be haploid or a
diploid cells?
Explore!
…wanna see some reproduction?
Mitosis in Onion Root Tips
9.3 – Cell Cycle Control
Cell Cycle Regulation
• Analogy
– Washing
machine dial
Cell Cycle Control in Eukaryotes
• Cyclin - protein
• Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) – activates or
inhibits production of needed proteins
Abnormal Cell Cycle… Cancer TEd Talk
Can you name others?
How can you reduce your risk of
getting cancer?
• Current Cancer Statistics.
• US in 2015
“So your sayin’ there’s a chance…”
How can you reduce your risk of
getting cancer?
Malignant vs. Benign tumors
Metastasis
Carcinoma - Sarcoma
Lymphoma - Leukemia - Myeloma
Parent CELL  2 Identical Daughter Cells
Review: Cellular Reproduction
• Reason for division: Too big for central control
& SA/Vol Ratio
• Types:
– Pro- Binary Fission
– Eu- Mitosis
• Mitosis = PMAT
• Cell Cycle
• Cell Cycle Regulation
– Broken controls = cancer
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