Unit 1
Topic: Industrialization and Progressivism (1877-1920)
Ignited by post-Civil War demand and fueled by
technological advancements, large-scale industrialization
began in the United States during the late 1800s.
Growing industries enticed foreign immigration, fostered
urbanization, gave rise to the American labor movement
and developed the infrastructure that facilitated the
settling of the West. A period of progressive reform
emerged in response to political corruption and practices
of big business.
Chapter 4: Political and Social
Structures
Content Statement: Following Reconstruction, old
political and social structures reemerged and racial
discrimination was institutionalized.
Expectations for Learning: Analyze the postReconstruction political and social developments that
led to institutionalized racism in the United States.
Describe institutionalized racist practices in postReconstruction America.
Section 1: Post Reconstruction
State Governments in the South
Content Elaboration: The removal of federal
troops from the south accompanied the end of
Reconstruction and helped lead to the
restoration of the Democratic Party’s control of
state governments. With the redemption of the
South, many reforms enacted by Reconstruction
governments were repealed.
History of State Governments in the
South After Reconstruction
• Open up the link below.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_
Era
Section 2: Jim Crow Laws
• Content Elaboration: Racial discrimination
was institutionalized with the passage of Jim
Crow laws. These state laws and local
ordinances included provisions to require
racial segregation, prohibit miscegenation,
limit ballot access and generally deprive
African Americans of civil rights.
Jim Crow Laws
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
After the Civil War (1870’s)
Laws passed to segregate whites and blacks
mostly in Southern states
whites controlled state legislatures
• E. Examples:
– 1. literacy tests—had to pass a reading/writing test in order to vote
– 2. poll taxes—pay money to vote
– 3. grandfather clause (you could only vote if your grandfather had that
right)
– 4. outlawed marriage between whites and blacks
– 5. separate facilities for the 2 races
– 6. separate railroad cars for the races
– 7. separate restrooms
– 8. schools and housing segregated
Some Alabama Jim Crow Laws from
the 1890’s
It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place
for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored
people are served in the same room, unless such white and
colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition
extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet
or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is
provided for each compartment.
It shall be unlawful for a Negro and white person to play
together or be in company with each other at any game of
pool or billiards.
Every employer of white or Negro males shall provide for
such white or Negro males reasonably accessible and
separate toilet facilities.
Section 3: Plessy v. Ferguson
• Content Elaboration: Advocates against racial
discrimination challenged institutionalized
racism through the courts. The U.S. Supreme
Court affirmed segregation in the Plessy v.
Ferguson decision.
Challenging Jim Crow
• Throughout the late 1800’s and most of the 1900’s,
there were many challenges to Jim Crow
– A. Homer Plessy: 1/8 black tried to sit in the
white car on a train (He lost)
– B. Plessy v. Ferguson: separate but equal was
Constitutional. (1896)
– C. South--things separate
• 1. schools
• 2. bathrooms and water fountains
• 3. could not vote
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The
Supreme Court decision in Plessy v.
Ferguson in 1896 established the
principal of
• A. one man, one vote
• B. separate but equal
• C. runaway slaves were property
• D. desegregation in schools
Section 4: Ku Klux Klan
• Content Elaboration: The rise of the Ku Klux
Klan and other nativist organizations brought
increased violence against African Americans.
The Great Migration
• A. The Great Migration
– 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South
– 2. During war, many migrated north
• a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items
• b. escape discrimination
– 3. Examples
• a. Cleveland: 300% increase
• b. Detroit: 600% increase
Racial Tensions
–1. After war, whites came home
–2. African-Americans moved into
their neighborhoods
–3. whites jobs taken
–4. leads to discrimination/violence
Racial violence
– 1. Discrimination begins again
– 2. many bloody race riots in the city
– 3. thousands of lynchings took place
Lynching
• Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule
and was not always done on the basis
of race. American history has always
been tinged with race and its mobs
have used it as a tactic to persecute
African-Americans. The Lynching of
African-Americans began after the Civil
War and in some ways continues to this
day.
Ku Klux Klan
• 1. Formed in the South and West
•
2. Used terror and violence
•
3. Hated:
•
a. blacks
•
b. Jews
•
c. Roman Catholics
•
d. all “foreigners”
•
4. Violence:
•
a. whipped and killed innocent people
•
b. burned buildings
•
c. seldom went to jail
•
5. KKK blamed these people for the problems:
•
a. race riots
•
b. lack of jobs
OGT Multiple Choice
•
(Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following statements most
accurately describes the main reason for the African-American
migration of the 1920’s?
• A. The migration went from south to north to
take advantage of the north’s climate
• B. The migration went from south to north
because of job opportunities in the northern
factories
• C. The migration went from north to south to
take advantage of the south’s climate
• D. The migration went from north to south
because of job opportunities in the south