99崇光英文科社群教學分享
閱讀策略（一）
Finding the Pattern of Organization
報告人
柳淑鈴
天下雜誌2006年教育專刊關鍵能力--你的孩子到底應該學什麼？
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2006年﹐歐盟會議提出未來教育應提供民眾
終身學習的八大關鍵能力
1.用母語溝通的能力
2. 用外語溝通的能力
3.運用數學與科學的基本能力
4.數位學習的能力
5.學習如何學習的能力
6.人際互動﹐參與社會的能力
7.創業家精神
8.文化表達能力
Program for International Student
Assessment（PISA）
閱讀能力---通往其他能力的大門
1. 擷取資訊—由閱讀的文字中找到所須資訊
2. 解讀資訊– 閱讀後﹐正確解讀資訊的意義
3. 思考和判斷力—將所讀內容與原有的知識、
想法和經驗連結．綜合判斷後,
提出自己的觀點．
Integrating the Language Skills
in an EFL Classroom
Effective Fast Reading
Factors affecting understanding of text—
 Vocabulary
 Syntax/Grammar
 Structure– the Patterns of organization
Integrating the Language Skills
in an EFL Classroom
Effective Fast Reading
(1) Help students to build up vocabulary
--- learning new words from context
a. Guessing the meanings of words with
word roots, prefixes, suffixes
b. Guessing the meanings of words in
context
Integrating Language Skills
in an EFL Classroom
Effective Fast Reading
(2) Help students to build up
ideas of sentence structures
* knowing sentence structures helps a
lot in reading comprehension.
* Proper use of coordinative, subordinate
conjunctions and transitional words
helps a lot in writing logically.
Integrating Language Skills
in an EFL Classroom
Effective Fast Reading
(3) Help students to become aware of
the Structure of a writing work
a. Listing
b. Sequence / Time order
c. Cause and effect
d. Comparison / Contrast
Patterns of Organization
Practice 1
When you study for an exam, you should
follow three steps. First, you should make
sure you have all the information you need.
Next, you should put that information in
order. Finally, you should make a list of the
most important things.
Listing__ Time order__ Cause & Effect__Comparison___
Patterns of Organization
a. The listing pattern
When you study for an exam, you should
follow three steps. First, you should make
sure you have all the information you need.
Next, you should put that information in
order. Finally, you should make a list of the
most important things.
Listing_v_ Time order___ Cause&Effect__ Comparison___
Structure of the listing pattern
Patterns of Organization
b. The Cause-and-effect Pattern
Signal Words for the Cause-Effect Pattern
Cause: causes, leads to, is a cause of, result in,
can make, had an effect on, so, stops,
makes, can help, effects, is the reason for,
brings about….
Effect: is due to, is the result of, follows,
is caused by, results from, is produced by,
is a consequence of, can be caused by,
can result from…
The Cause-and-effect Pattern
1.Shoes with high heels can cause foot problems.
(cause)
(effect)
2. Some ear problems are caused by noise pollution.
(effect)
(cause)
3. Heart disease is sometimes the result of eating too much.
(effect)
(cause)
4. As a result of your phone call, I could not go back to sleep.
(cause)
(effect)
5. Eating too much chocolate can result in weight gain.
(cause)
(effect)
Patterns of Organization
Practice 2
Some people believe that changes in the
weather cause changes in their health. This
may be the reason why many people get the
flu in New England. In New England, the
weather can change suddenly.
Listing__ Time order __Cause & Effect__ Comparison__
Patterns of Organization
Practice 2
Some people believe that changes in
the weather cause changes in their health.
This may be the reason why many people
get the flu in New England. In New England,
the weather can change suddenly.
Listing__ Time order __Cause & effect_v_ Comparison___
Structure of the cause and effect pattern
Effect
Effect
Cause
Effect
Cause
Effect
Cause
Mind Mapping ---- Cause & effect
Single Cause – Single Effect
Cause
Effect
Provide an example:
Cause:
Effect:
Single Multiple – Multiple Effects Provide an example:
Cause
Effect
Effect
Multiple Causes – Single Effect
Cause
Cause
Cause
Effect
Cause:
Effect:
Effect:
Provide an example:
Cause:
Cause:
Cause:
Effect:
Patterns of Organization
c. The Comparison/Contrast Pattern
Signal Words for the Comparison/Contrast Pattern
Similarity:
like, both, similarly, in the same way, as,
same, also, in common…
Difference:
however, but unlike, on the other hand,
instead, yet, rather, different from,
more than, less than…
Patterns of Organization
Practice 3
When the first baby arrives in a household,
everything changes.
Listing__ Time order__ Cause &effect __Comparison __
Patterns of Organization
Practice 3
When the first baby arrives in a household,
everything changes. While before, the mother
needed an alarm clock in the morning, now the
baby decides when she should wake up. Formerly,
the parents spent their evenings watching TV or
reading , but not now. All their free time is spent
admiring their infant. In contrast to pre-baby days,
their life is more carefully planned. While they used
to go out to see friends whenever they wanted to,
that is not possible any more. Unlike the neat and
tidy rooms of the past, these days their apartment
is full of baby things.
Listing___ Time order___ Cause & Effect ___ Comparison___
Patterns of Organization
Practice 3
When the first baby arrives in a household, everything
changes. While before, the mother needed an alarm
clock in the morning, now the baby decides when she
should wake up. Formerly, the parents spent their
evenings watching TV or reading , but not now. All
their free time is spent admiring their infant. In
contrast to pre-baby days, their life is more carefully
planned. While they used to go out to see friends
whenever they wanted to, that is not possible any
more. Unlike the neat and tidy rooms of the past,
these days their apartment is full of baby things.
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Listing___ Time order___ Cause & effect ___ Contrast _v_
Structure of the comparison / contrast pattern
Patterns of Organization
d. The Time Order Pattern
Signal Words for the Time Order Pattern
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Dates
Other words:
first, next, later, then, soon, before, after ,
finally, last, at last , while, times,
at the same time
Patterns of Organization
Practice 4
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Making orange juice from fresh oranges is
done by machines.
Listing__ Time order__ Cause & effect __ Contrast __
Patterns of Organization
Practice 4
Making orange juice from fresh oranges is done by
machines. First, oranges are dumped onto a moving
belt. They travel into a machine which washes them
with detergent. Next, they are rolled into juicing
machines where seven hundred oranges per minute
are split and squeezed. Then the rinds (the skin of
the oranges) are thrown out the end of a long tube.
At the same time, the juice goes through small holes
in the bottom of the tube. Later, the juice goes into
another machine called the finisher. There,the seeds
are removed. Last, the juice goes into large tanks,
where most of the water is removed.
Listing__Time order__ Cause & Effect__ Comparison___
Patterns of Organization
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practice 4
Making orange juice from fresh oranges is done by
machines. First, oranges are dumped onto a moving
belt. They travel into a machine which washes them
with detergent. Next, they are rolled into juicing
machines where seven hundred oranges per minute
are split and squeezed. Then the rinds (the skin of
the oranges) are thrown out the end of a long tube.
At the same time, the juice goes through small holes
in the bottom of the tube. Later, the juice goes into
another machine called the finisher. There,the seeds
are removed. Last, the juice goes into large tanks,
where most of the water is removed.
Listing_ Time order_v_ Cause & Effect__ Comparison___
Structure of the time order pattern
First
Next
Then / Later
Finally / Last
Learning Writing through Reading
南一book5, Lesson 5 --- Traveling Is Fun
( 2005 )
How many times have you dreamed about traveling around
the world? Many people enjoy traveling because they can do
exciting activities on their trip. They visit beautiful towns and
cities. They go to museums and see shows. They can hear
different languages. They go shopping and taste different kinds
of food. They also meet foreigners and make new friends. They
learn new ways of life and get new knowledge.
People travel in different ways and you can choose your
own. You can travel alone or with a group of people. You can
choose to stay in a five-star hotel, or in a cheap Bed &
Breakfast. You can take a plane, a ship , a train or a bus. Or
you can go by car, by bike, or even on foot. Traveling is fun for
every, isn’t it?
Learning Writing through Reading
Topic: Traveling is Fun
A. Exciting Activities
1. ______________________ 5.______________________
2. ______________________ 6.______________________
3. ______________________ 7.______________________
4. ______________________ 8. _____________________
B. Different Ways of traveling
1. _____________________ or ______________________
2. Staying in a _________________or a ______________
3. How to go to the other countries
a. Taking ____________________
b. Go ____________ , ____________ , _______________
Conclusion:
_______________________________________________
Learning Writing through Reading
Topic: Traveling is Fun
A. Exciting Activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
_visit towns and cities_
5._shopping______________
_museum _______________ 6._taste food_____________
_shows_________________ 7._meet foreigners________
_hear languages__________ 8. _ways of life __________
B. Different Ways of traveling
1. __in group_____________ or ____alone__________________
2. Staying in a __hotel_______________or a __B&B____________
3. How to go to the other countries
a. Taking ___plane, ship, train, bus_________________
b. Go __by car_____ , __ by bike___ ,____on foot_____
Conclusion: ____Traveling is Fun.____
FAR EAST English Reader
Three Steps to Success
She had no job. She was a single mother, living in a small apartment with her baby
daughter.
Life was hard. Now, she is a great success. Children and adults buy her books all
over the world—in thirty languages. It seems her books win awards and break records almost
every day. Who is she? J.K. Rowling—the woman who wrote the Harry Potter Stories.
What is the secret of her success?
Rowling says she wrote “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” because she wanted a challenge. She
wanted to achieve something special. She likes writing. In fact, she wrote her first book (called “Rabbit”) when
she was six years old. Perhaps this is the first reason for her success—she chose to do something that she
enjoyed.
STEP 1: Do something that you enjoy.
But how did she become such a great success? Well, in 1992, Rowling left her job in England and went to
Potugal. She moved to Portugal to have more time to do what she loved most—write. She worked as an English
teacher. She used her free time in the mornings to write “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.”
STEP 2: follow your dream.
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She married, but later divorced. She returned home to the U.K. with her baby daughter Jessica. She lived in
Edinburgh in Scotland. She lived in a very small, cold apartment. Life as a single mother was hard, but she was
determined to finish writing “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.” She wrote mostly in cafés and while her
daughter was asleep. She had no money for a computer or typewriter—she used a pen and paper. When things
became difficult, she didn’t forget her goal, and she didn’t stop working.
STEP 3: Never give up.
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The road to success was hard for Rowling, but eventually she succeeded. Her advice to people who want
success is simple: Try your best. If you really want to succeed, then you will. Be prepared to make mistakes—
learn from them. You have to be strong, and never give up. Sounds simple, doesn’t it?
Mind Mapping未做
FAR EAST English Reader
Three Steps to Success
Book I, Lesson 3
Introduction ____________________________________
STEP 1 : Do something that you enjoy.
Details ---1. _______________________
---2. _______________________
---3. _______________________
STEP 2 : Follow your dream.
Details---1. _______________________
---2. _______________________
---3. _______________________
STEP 3 : Never give up.
Details ---1. _______________________
---2. _______________________
---3. _______________________
Conclusion ______________________________
Learning Writing through Reading
Pattern of Organization
Learning Writing through Reading
Finding the pattern of organization
Learning Writing through Reading
Outline practice
Learning Writing through Reading
Scientific life is convenient to us.
First, the traffic system is easy to use. The MRT system is fast, clean, quiet, comfortable
and the most important thing is --- cheap. And also, the airplane is convenient, too. It can
take us to a lot of countries which are far far away. It also makes us feel that our world is
much smaller.
Second, the Internet is easy to use, too. In the net, we don’t need mailmen everywhere.
Everyone send their mail online. We can also get news on the Net. If you hate to go so far to
buy things. Maybe you can go shopping on the Net! It usually has some special price.
Third, we can use cell phones or Skype to talk. Cell phones can carry around every
where. It is small and looks fashion but also expensive. Maybe you should try Skype. You
can talk to your friends on-line and it’s for free. In scientific life, the medicine is progressive.
The sickness can be cured in short time. People eat better than before. They know what is
good for their body. fewer people get sick and fewer people I love the scientific Life.
When we live in scientific life, don’t be afraid of science. Because the medicine is
progressive, he sickness can be cured in a short time. People eat better than before. They
know what is good for their body. Fewer people get sick and die. People’s lives are not as
short as they were.
Now people have Internet to get knowledge. Unlike long time ago. Now, we only need to
move our fingers to search the knowledge. I love the scientific Life
Workshop
1. 國二翰林Book3, Lesson 5
2. 國一閱讀 Ready for Reading and
Listening Book, 1, Lesson 1
3. 國二平 The North Star (1), Lesson 2
4. 龍騰Book 4, Lesson 6
翰林 JII-Book 3, Unit-5
Dad drove us to a farm on a Sunday. There were many animals and flowers.
Mom looked at
the roses in the
Lucy and I fed the
goats and rabbits.
garden.
At lunchtime --- We had a picnic on the grass.
In the afternoon ---- We went biking.
It was a great Sunday.
JI-Ready for Reading
&
Listening
Lesson 1 Paris
People like Paris for many reasons:
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_Lovers_
__________________________
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_Tourists_ ___________________________
_artists__ ___________________________
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_History lovers_ _________________________
The North Star (1), Lesson 2 What do we wear?
國二平 The North Star (1),
Lesson 2 What do we wear?
國二平 The North Star (1),
Lesson 2 What do we wear?
國二平 The North Star (1),
Lesson 2 What do we wear?
國二平 The North Star (1),
Lesson 2 What do we wear?
龍騰Book 4, Lesson 6
龍騰Book 4, Lesson 6
龍騰Book 4, Lesson 6
國二平 The North Star (1),
Lesson 2 What do we wear?
The greatest gift one can give
is
to lead someone else
to
learn how to learn.
------------ By Isac Stan