Lecture 00 of 42
(Introduction to) Computer Graphics
Course Organization and Survey
Friday, 18 January 2008
William H. Hsu
Department of Computing and Information Sciences, KSU
KSOL course pages: http://snipurl.com/1y5gc / http://snipurl.com/1ybv6
Course web site: http://www.kddresearch.org/Courses/Spring-2008/CIS736
Instructor home page: http://www.cis.ksu.edu/~bhsu
Reading for Next Class:
Syllabus and Course Intro
Chapter 1, Eberly (2006) 3D Game Engine Design, 2e
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Lecture Outline
 Course Information: Format, Exams, Resources, Assignments, Grading
 Overview
 Topics covered
 What is computer graphics?
 Applications
 Brief Tour of Computer Graphics
 A case study and some demos
 Survey of rendering and animation systems
 Applications to computer-aided design (CAD), manufacturing (CAM), and
engineering (CAE)
 Brief Tour of Visualization Systems
 Information, data, and scientific visualization
 Focus on informational graphics
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Course Administration
 Course Pages (KSOL): http://snipurl.com/1y5gc / http://snipurl.com/1y5ih
 Class Web Page: www.kddresearch.org/Courses/Spring-2008/CIS736
 Instructional E-Mail Addresses – Best Way to Reach Instructor
 CIS736TA-L@listserv.ksu.edu (always use this to reach instructor and TA)
 CIS736-L@listserv.ksu.edu (everyone; substitute 636 for 736 for Intro to CG)
 Instructor: William Hsu, Nichols 213
 Office phone: +1 785 532 7905; home phone: +1 785 539 7180
 IM: AIM/MSN/YIM hsuwh/rizanabsith, ICQ 28651394/191317559, Google banazir
 Office hours: after class Mon/Wed/Fri; other times by appointment
 Graduate Teaching Assistant: Jing Xia
 Office location: Nichols 213a
 Office hours: to be announced on class web board
 Grading Policy
 Hour exams: 10% each (in-class, with notes); final (open-book): 25%
 Machine problems, problem sets (6 of 8): 18%; term project: 20%
 Paper reviews (2): 4%; class participation: 6% (HW, Q&A); labs 7%
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Class Resources
 Course Content Management System (CMS)
 http://www.kddresearch.org/Courses/Spring-2008/CIS736
 Lecture notes (MS PowerPoint 97-2003, PDF)
 Homeworks (MS PowerPoint 97-2003, PDF)
 Exam and homework solutions (MS PowerPoint 97-2003, PDF)
 Class announcements (students’ responsibility) and grade postings
 Course Notes at Copy Center (Required)
 Mailing List (Automatic): CIS736-L@listserv.ksu.edu
 Homework/exams (before uploading to CMS, KSOL), sample data, solutions
 Class participation
 Project info, course calendar reminders
 Dated research announcements (seminars, conferences, calls for papers)
 LISTSERV Web Archive
 http://listserv.ksu.edu/archives/cis736-l.html
 Stores e-mails to class mailing list as browsable/searchable posts
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Course Overview
 Graphics Systems and Techniques
 Main emphasis: shaders, lighting, mappings (textures, etc.) in OpenGL
 Photorealistic rendering and animation (Maya 2008, Blender; Ogre)
 2-D, 3-D models: curves, surfaces, visible surface identification, illumination
 Special topics: global illumination (ray tracing, radiosity), particle systems,
fractals, scientific visualization (sciviz) and information visualization (infoviz)
 Operations
 Surface modeling, mapping
 Pipelines for display, transformation, illumination, animation
 Computer Graphics (CG): Duality with Computer Vision
 Visualization and User Interfaces
 Applications
 CAD/CAM/CAE: object transformations, surface/solid modeling, animation
 Entertainment: 3-D games, photorealistic animation, etc.
 Analysis: info visualization, decision support, intelligent displays
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Why Computer Graphics?
 Developing Computational Capability
 Rendering: synthesizing realistic-looking, useful, or interesting images
 Animation: creating visual impression of motion
 Image processing: analyzing, transforming, displaying images efficiently
 Better Understanding of Data, Objects, Processes through Visualization
 Visual summarization, description, manipulation
 Virtual environments (VR), visual monitoring, interactivity
 Human-computer intelligent interaction (HCII): training, tutoring, analysis,
control systems
 Time is Right
 Recent progress in algorithms and theory
 Rapidly emergence of new I/O (display and data acquisition) technologies
 Available computational power, improving price-performance-ratio of hardware
 Growth and interest of graphics industries (e.g., games, entertainment,
computer-aided design, visualization in science and business)
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Image Synthesis Pipeline
Graphics
Database
Editing
Front-End
(Geometry Processing)
Back-End
Graphics
Database
(Rasterization)
Display
Traversal
Modeling
Transformation
Viewing
Operation
• Visible-Surface
Determination
• Scan Conversion
• Shading /
Illumination
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Image
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Hypermedia
User Interfaces
NCSA Data to Knowledge (D2K) &
Text to Knowledge (T2K):
http://alg.ncsa.uiuc.edu/do/tools/d2k
© 2004 National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Visual programming systems for
high-performance knowledge
discovery in databases (KDD)
 Hypermedia
 Database format (similar to hypertext)
 Provides display-based access to (internetworked) multimedia (text, image,
audio, video, etc.) documents
 Virtual Environments
 Immersion: interactive training, tutoring systems
 Entertainment hypermedia
 Visualization and Computer-Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE)
 Visualization: scientific, data/information, statistics
 User interfaces for CAD/CAE/CAM/CASE
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Relevant Topic Areas
 Analytic Geometry
 Art and Graphic Design
 Cognitive Science
 Computer Engineering
 Engineering Design
 Education
 Film
 Human Factors
 Linear Algebra
CAD
CAE / CASE
CAM
Rendering Hardware
VR Systems
Portable/Embedded CG
Immersive Training
Tutoring Interfaces
Color/Optical Models
CG/Vision Duality
Interface Design
Layout
CG Design
Visualization
Parametric Equations
Conics
Polygon Rendering
 Numerical Analysis
Computer
Graphics
(CG)
Surface Modeling
Physically-Based Modeling
Stat/Info Visualization
Transformations
Change of Coordinate Systems
User Modeling
Ergonomic Interfaces, I/O
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Animation
Large-Scale CG
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Curve and Surface Modeling
in Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
1
2
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/2057/nurbs.html
3
4
5
8
7
6
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Computer-Generated Animation
(CGA)
Ratattouille
© 2007 Disney/Pixar
Kung-Fu Panda
© 2008 DreamWorks
Animation SKG
Meet the Robinsons
© 2007 Disney/Pixar
Toy Story (1995)
Toy Story 2 (1999)
Toy Story 3 (2010)
© Disney/Pixar
Happy Feet
© 2006
Warner Brothers
Wall-E
Shrek (2001)
© 2008 Disney/Pixar
Shrek 2 (2004)
Shrek the Third (2007)
© DreamWorks Animation SKG
Luxo Jr.
© 1986 Pixar Animation Studios
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Fractal Systems
http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/fractals.htm
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Information Visualization
Visible Decisions SeeIT © 1999 VDI
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
http://www.advizorsolutions.com
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Design Choices and Issues
in Computer Graphics
Determine Objectives of
Graphics System
Decision
Support
Entertainment
Control
Interface
Education
Determine
Display Objective
Interactively
Analyze
Data / Documents
Visualize Physical
Objects
Monitor
Process
Determine Representations
In Graphics Database
Solid Geometric
Model
Wireframe /
Polygon Mesh
Fractal
System
NURBS
Determine and Implement
Rendering Pipeline
Shaded-Polygon
Rendering
Ray Tracing
Radiosity and
Polygon Shading
Completed Design
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Math Review for CIS 636
 Overview: First Month (Weeks 2-5 of Course)
 Review of mathematical foundations of CG: analytic geometry, linear algebra
 Line and polygon rendering
 Matrix transformations
 Graphical interfaces
 Line and Polygon Rendering (Week 3)
 Basic line drawing and 2-D clipping
 Bresenham’s algorithm
 Follow-up: 3-D clipping, z-buffering (painter’s algorithm)
 Matrix Transformations (Week 4)
 Application of linear transformations to rendering
 Basic operations: translation, rotation, scaling, shearing
 Follow-up: review of standard graphics libraries (e.g., OpenGL)
 Graphical Interfaces
 Brief overview
 Survey of windowing environments (MFC, Java AWT)
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Online Recorded Lectures for CIS
636
Introduction to Computer Graphics
 Project Topics for CIS 636
 Computer Graphics Basics (8)
 1. Mathematical Foundations – week of Mon 21 Jan 2008
 2. Rasterizing and 2-D Clipping – week of Mon 28 Jan 2008
 3. OpenGL Primer 1 of 3 – week of Mon 28 Jan 2008
 4. Detailed Introduction to 3-D Viewing – week of Mon 04 Feb 2008
 5. OpenGL Primer 2 of 3 – week of Mon 11 Feb 2008
 6. Polygon Rendering – week of Mon 18 Feb 2008
 7. OpenGL Primer 3 of 3 – week of Mon 03 Mar 2008
 8. Visible Surface Determination – week of Mon 10 Mar 2008
 Recommended Background Reading for CIS 636
 Shared Lectures with CIS 736 (Computer Graphics)
 Regular in-class lectures (35) and labs (7)
 Guidelines for paper reviews – week of Mon 25 Feb 2008
 Preparing term project presentations and demos for graphics – April
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Online Recorded Lectures for CIS
736
Computer Graphics
 Project Topics for CIS 736
 Advanced Topics in Computer Graphics (8)
 1. Filters for Texturing – week of Mon 28 Jan 2008
 2. More Mappings – week of Mon 18 Feb 2008
 3. Advanced Lighting Models – week of Mon 17 Mar 2008
 4. Advanced Ray-Tracing – week of Mon 25 Feb 2008
 5. Advanced Ray-Tracing, concluded – week of Mon 24 Mar 2008
 6. Global Illumination: Photon Maps (Radiosity) – week of Mon 31 Mar 2008
 7. More on Scientific, Data, Info Visualization – week of Mon 21 Apr 2008
 8. Terrain – week of Mon 11 Feb 2008
 Recommended Background Reading for CIS 636
 Shared Lectures with CIS 636 (Computer Graphics)
 Regular in-class lectures (35) and labs (7)
 Guidelines for paper reviews – week of Mon 25 Feb 2008
 Preparing term project presentations and demos for graphics – April
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Background Expected
 Both Courses
 Proficiency in C/C++ or strong proficiency in Java and ability to learn
 Strongly recommended: matrix theory or linear algebra (e.g., Math 551)
 At least 120 hours for semester (up to 150 depending on term project)
 Textbook: 3D Game Engine Design, Second Edition (2006), Eberly
 Angel’s OpenGL: A Primer recommended
 CIS 636
 Fresh background in precalculus: Algebra 1-2, Analytic Geometry
 Linear algebra basics: matrices, linear bases, vector spaces
 Watch background lectures
 CIS 736 Computer Graphics
 Recommended: first course in graphics (background lectures as needed)
 OpenGL experience helps
 Read up on shaders and shading languages
 Watch advanced topics lectures; see list before choosing project topic
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Textbook and Recommended Books
Required Textbook
Eberly, D. H. (2006). 3D Game Engine
Design: A Practical Approach to Real-Time
Computer Graphics, second edition. San
Francisco, CA: Morgan Kauffman.
1st
Recommended References
edition (outdated)
2nd
edition
Angel, E. O. (2007). OpenGL: A Primer,
third edition. Reading, MA: AddisonWesley. [2nd edition on reserve]
Shreiner, D., Woo, M., Neider, J., & Davis, T.
(2007). OpenGL® Programming Guide: The
Official Guide to Learning OpenGL®,
Version 2.1, sixth edition.
2nd edition (OK to use)
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
3rd edition
[“The Red Book”:
use 5th ed. or later]
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
References and Outside Reading
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Syllabus [1]:
First Half of Course
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Syllabus [2]:
Second Half of Course
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Summary
 This course is a lot of work
 Reading: Eberly 2e – big book, like Foley et al.
 Programming assignments (3): expect to spend 10+ hours on each
 Written assignments (3): about 6-10 hours
 Term project: at least 20 hours (people have spent up to 50 or more)
 … but it can also be fun
 Visible results
 Nifty algorithms, high-performance hardware
 “Putting it all together”: very interdisciplinary field
 Decent job market for people with right development skills, ideas
 Applicable to many other areas of CS and IT
 Emphasis
 “Polygons to pixels pipeline”: viewing, VSD, lighting, shading, texturing
 Other topics to be covered: animation, curves and surfaces, collisions
 Brief survey of: ray tracing, visualization and color, fractals
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Terminology
 Computer Graphics: Digital Synthesis, Manipulation of Visual Content
 Graphics Problems (see “Computer Graphics”, Wikipedia)




Geometry: representation and processing of surfaces
Animation: representation and manipulation of motion
Rendering: computationally reproducing appearance of light in scenes
Imaging:
 Different Approaches to Graphics
 Raster versus vector
 Sample-based versus geometry-based
 Purpose of Graphics
 Entertainment – games, visual effects in movies and television
 Communications – advertising, journalism
 Modeling / simulation – displaying events via graphical user interfaces
(GUIs)
 Visualization – displaying events for analysis and understanding
 Dual Problem: Inverse Input and Output
 Graphics (rendering): geometry to sample (image)
 Vision: sample to geometry
CIS 636/736: (Introduction to) Computer
Graphics
Friday, 18 Jan 2008
Computing & Information Sciences
Kansas State University