Aim 20: Today we will explore
how latitude and longitude allow
us to locate points on a map
Do Now: Why do you think we call the equator the equator?
HW: Latitude/Longitude practice ws
4 Hemispheres
•The equator splits apart the Northern and Southern
Hemisphere
•The Prime Meridian and International Date Line split
the Eastern and Western
Where is NY?
•N∑W york
is in the
Northern and Western
Hemisphere
1) Latitude
• Runs horizontal
• Runs East and West
• Measured North and South of the Equator
– Use degrees N or S
• Parallel lines that never touch
LATITUDE
• # of degrees
NORTH or SOUTH of
the equator
• Every line of latitude is parallel
to the others
• Equator = 0°
runs along middle of
Earth
• North Pole = 90° N
• South Pole = 90° S
• Tropic of Cancer = 23.5° N
• Tropic of Capricorn = 23.5° S
Latitude Lines
North Pole
Santa
Equator
South Pole
2) Longitude
•
•
•
•
Vertical
Runs North and South
Longitude Lines cross at the poles
Measures how far EAST or WEST of the
prime meridian
– Use degrees E or W
LONGITUDE • # of degrees by which
a place is EAST or
WEST of the Prime
Meridian
• (15° apart)
Prime
Meridian
• Runs through Greenwich,
England
Prime Meridian
Western
Eastern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
• Prime Meridian = 0°
• International Date line = 180°
North Pole
Longitude Lines
South Pole
20°N 20°E
20°S 40°W
40°N 60°E
40°N 100°W
45°N 115°W
37.5°N 77°W
3) Writing Coordinates
• Always write Latitude first, longitude
second
Example:
41 N, 75 W
90 S, 45 E
PRACTICE
• The diagram above represents a
portion of the Earth’s grid system.
What is the approximate
latitude and longitude of
point A?
4) Polaris
• The North Star
• Fixed point in the
sky
• It does not move
• Part of the little
Dipper
5) Altitude of a star
• The angle between the
horizon and a star
Horizon
Measure this angle
5) The Rule
• The Altitude of Polaris is equal to the
observer’s latitude in the Northern
Hemisphere
• ex: altitude of Polaris =90 degrees
– Latitude = 90 degrees North
• Ex: altitude of Polaris =45 degrees
– Latitude = 45 degrees North
6) Why?
• Earth is nearly spherical in
shape
• Polaris is located directly above
the Northern Hemisphere
7) Navigation
• As the altitude of Polaris increases,
the Latitude increases
• As you travel east or west, altitude of
Polaris remains the same…
Let’s Review
• Where on Earth will the altitude of Polaris
be 90 degrees?
• Where on Earth will the altitude of Polaris
be on the horizon?
• What will happen to the alitutde of Polaris
as you walk from the equator to the North
Pole?
Aim 20b: Latitude Longitude Lan
Do Now: Pick Up Lab and begin
HW: Latitude Longitude connect the dots ws
Aim 20c: Today we will practice
our latitude longitude skills with
a game of battleship
Do Now: pick up battleship worksheet and read through
directions
HW: test corrections
Rules of the game
• Each board has 5 ships.
One – 6 spaced ship
Two – 5 spaced ships
Two – 4 spaced ships
You are to takes turns calling out coordinates
and marking it on your coordinate world
sheet. Your opponent will tell you “hit” or
“miss”
If you miss, it is your opponents turn. If you hit,
you keep going until you miss.
Opponents should mark every call you make on
• One player should always mark the coordinates you
call out on your coordinate world map
• The other team member should mark every
coordinate called out by your opponents on your
lettered map
• You are to takes turns calling out coordinates Your
opponent will tell you “hit” or “miss”
If you miss, it is your opponents turn. If you hit, you
keep going until you miss.
• The winner sinks all your battleships
Aim 21: How do we tell time
using longitude?
Do Now: Why can’t an observer see Polaris when standing at the
South Pole?
HW: Latitude/Longitude worksheet connect the dots
EACH HOUR,
EARTH ROTATES
(360°/24hrs)
HOW TO FIND DIFFERENCE IN
TIME BETWEEN 2 LOCATIONS.
• A) Find the difference in longitude
• B) Divide that number by 15
• Example:
• 75 degrees – 30 degrees = 45 degrees
• Divide 45 by 15 = 3
• Answer: 3 hours
LET’S PRACTICE
1) It’s 3PM at the Prime Meridian. You are
located at 90oW. What time is it by you?
2) It is 12:00PM in Los Angeles (120oW).
What time is it in New York (75oW)?
HOW TO FIND THE DIFFERENCE
IN LONGITUDE USING TIME
• A) Find the difference in time
• B) Multiply the difference by 15
Example:
• NY time 4:00 pm
• California time 1:00 pm
• Difference = 3 hours
• 3 X 15 = 45
• Answer: 45 degree difference
LET’S PRACTICE
1) You call your friend in London (Prime
Meridian) and it is 10:00PM for you.
You live at 75 W. Why is your friend mad
when they answer the phone?
2) It is 12:00PM in Los Angeles (120 W). It is
9:00AM in Hawaii. What is Hawaii’s
longitude?
How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on
a globe of Earth?
1. Latitude lines are parallel and longitude
lines meet at the poles.
2. Latitude lines are parallel and longitude
lines meet at the equator.
3. Longitude lines are parallel and latitude
lines meet at the poles.
4. Longitude lines are parallel
and latitude lines meet at
the equator.