CHAPTER 1
THE CHEMISTRY OF
LIVING THINGS
VOCABULARY TERMS
1. ELEMENTS
MADE UP OF ONE KIND OF ATOM
MAKE UP THE PERIODIC TABLE
97% OF ORGANISM COMPOSITION ARE MADE UP OF CHNOPS
(CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS,
SULFUR)
2. ATOM
NUCLEUS WITH PROTONS (+) AND NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS (-) ORBIT THE NUCLEUS—>ELECTRON CLOUD
# OF PROTONS = # OF ELECTRONS (ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL)
VOCABULARY TERMS
3. ATOMIC NUMBER
NUMBER OF PROTONS
4. ATOMIC MASS
NUMBER OF PROTONS + NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
5. ISOTOPES
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT DIFFER IN THE
NUMBER OF NEUTRONS. THOSE WITH UNSTABLE NUCLEI
(RADIOISOTOPES)
CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES
1. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
REACTANTS YIELD PRODUCTS
SUCH AS 2H2 + O22H2O
THIS SHOWS 2 TYPES OF ATOMS
MOLECULES
AND 3 TYPES OF
REACTIONS INVOLVE THE MAKING AND BREAKING OF
CHEMICAL BONDS
ACTIVATION ENERGY IS THE ENERGY NEEDED TO START A
REACTION
Hindenburg Disaster
Real Footage
CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES
2. CHEMICAL BONDING
FORMS MOLECULES OR COMPOUNDS BETWEEN
ELEMENTS
A. COVALENT BONDING
B. IONIC BONDING
CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES
A. COVALENT BONDING
INVOLVES THE SHARING OF ELECTRONS
1. NONPOLAR COVALENT
ELECTRONS ARE SHARED EQUALLY (HYDROGENH2)
2. POLAR COVALENT
ELECTRONS ARE NOT SHARED EQUALLY (WATERH2O)
3. HYDROGEN BONDS
BETWEEN A HYDROGEN (H+) ATOM AND A REGION OF (-)
CHARGE IN ANOTHER ATOM
SUCH AS IN THE DNA MOLECULE AND BETWEEN WATER
MOLECULES
CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES
B. IONIC BONDING
INVOLVES A TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS
AN ION IS A CHARGED ATOM THAT IS (+) OR (-)
CHAPTER 1 TEST
FORMAT
30 TOTAL POINTS
20 MULTIPLE CHOICE
5 FILL-INS
2 SHORT ANSWERSEE HW QUESTIONS (2 POINTS EACH)
ONE BONUS QUESTION
(WORTH 2 POINTS)
WHAT TO REVIEWNOTES, BOOK P.24-32, HW QUES, (2)
STUDY GUIDES
CHAPTER 1 TEST
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS
1. A
9. D
2. B
10. A
3. A
11. C
4. C
12. D
5. C
13. C
6. C
14. B
7. D
15. B
8. C