Cite-It-Right
Section 1: Elisa Sze
Section 2: Kathleen Scheaffer
Section 3: Seamus Ross
September 2012
Adapted by Elisa Sze & Kathleen Scheaffer, from an earlier workshop designed by Joe Cox
For more Information Services workshops, visit:
www.ischool.utoronto.ca/workshops
Figure 1. The Inforum. Image source: T. Caswell, n.d. Retrieved from:
http://www.ischool.utoronto.ca/services/inforum-is. Copyright by Faculty of Information.
Agenda
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Why Cite?
Code of Behaviour on Academic Matters
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Standard Documentation Formats
Citation Management Tools
Help with Citations
Questions & Workshop Evaluation
Why Cite?
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Figure 2. Replica of Sir Isaac Newton’s
telescope of 1672. Image source:
“Newton’s Telescope Replica”, A. Dunn,
2004. Retrieved from: http://commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NewtonsTelescope
Replica.jpg. Copyright by A. Dunn. Use
permitted under Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic license.
Not punitive
Knowledge development
Scholarly communication
Professional obligation
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is “the action or
practice of taking someone
else's work, idea, etc., and
passing it off as one's own;
literary theft” (OED Online,
2012 June).
Figure 3. “An illustrative example of plagiarism,”
by durova, 2008. Retrieved from:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plagiarism.jpg.
Public domain image.
Code of Behaviour on
Academic Matters
University of Toronto,
Governing Council, 1995
www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/policies/behaveac.htm
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
“The University and its members have a
responsibility to ensure that a climate which
might encourage, or conditions which might
enable, cheating, misrepresentation or
unfairness not be tolerated” (University of
Toronto, Governing Council, 1995, § B).
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
“To this end, all must acknowledge that
seeking credit or other advantages by fraud
or misrepresentation, or seeking to
disadvantage others by disruptive behaviour is
unacceptable, as is any dishonesty or
unfairness in dealing with the work or
record of a student” (University of Toronto,
Governing Council, 1995, § B).
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
“Wherever in this Code an offence is described
as depending on ‘knowing’, the offence shall
likewise be deemed to have been committed if
the person ought reasonably to have known”
(University of Toronto, Governing Council,
1995, § B).
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
§ B.i.1.
“It shall be an offence for a student
knowingly ….
“(d) to represent as one’s own any idea
or expression of an idea or work of
another in any academic examination or term
test or in connection with any other form of
academic work, i.e. to commit plagiarism”
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
§ B.i.1.
“(e) to submit, without the knowledge
and approval of the instructor to whom it is
submitted, any academic work for which
credit has previously been obtained or is
being sought in another course or program
of study in the University or elsewhere”
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
§ B.i.1.
“(f) to submit any academic work
containing a purported statement of fact or
reference to a source which has been
concocted.”
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
§ B.i.2.
“It shall be an offence for a faculty
member knowingly:
“(a) to approve any of the previously
described offences”
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
§ B.i.4.
“A graduate of the University may be
charged with any of the above offences
committed knowingly while he or she
was an active student, when, in the
opinion of the Provost, the offence, if
detected, would have resulted in a sanction
sufficiently severe that the degree would not
have been granted at the time that it was.”
University of Toronto’s Code of
Behaviour on Academic Matters
Sanctions are outlined in § C and Appendix C.
They may include:
0 on the assignment
(for assignments worth 10% or less of the
final grade)
Reduction of the final grade
0 as the final grade in the course
Denial of privileges to use
University facilities
Record of offence on academic
transcript
Suspension
Expulsion
Cancellation of degree
Pál Schmitt, President of Hungary, 2010-2012
(Resigned)
Figure 4. Portrait of the former President of Hungary. Adapted
from “Pál Schmitt, Hungarian politician in a meeting with José Luis
Rodríguez Zapatero,” by La Moncloa, 2011. Retrieved from:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A1l_Schmitt_%282011
%29.jpg. Public domain image.
Sampling or Plagiarism?
Queen. (2011). Under
pressure – ft. David
Bowie [Video file].
Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/CnTFNs
mToHg
Vanilla Ice. (2009). Ice ice
baby [Video file].
Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/rog8ouZepE
How to Avoid Plagiarism
• References/Works Cited/Bibliography AND intext citations
• Use quotations as appropriate
• Paraphrase carefully
• Be clear in distinguishing your ideas from those
you are citing
How to Avoid Plagiarism
• Take notes carefully and fully
• Over cite rather than under cite
• Use common knowledge judiciously
“Common knowledge” or not?
“
… is the Prime Minister of
Canada.”
… is the greatest Prime
Minister that Canada has
ever had.”
… led the Conservative Party
to win 166 of 308 House
of Commons seats in the
May 2, 2011 general
election.”
Figure 5. Stephen Harper. Adapted from: “Stephen Harper – World Economic Forum Annual
Meeting Davos 2010,” by R. Steinegger, 2010. Retrieved from www.flickr.com/photos/
15237218@N00/4313730148. Copyright 2010 by the World Economic Forum. Use permitted
under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic licence.
What to Cite
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•
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All published materials, regardless of format
Quotations
Specific facts and statistics, tables and figures
Paraphrases
Summaries
What to Cite
•
•
•
•
•
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Ideas or opinions
Photos, paintings, sculptures
Designs, logos, templates
Code, coding regimens, standards
Lectures
E-mails, letters, phone calls
How to Cite
• No single preferred style at the iSchool
• Find out from each of your instructors as to
which style they prefer for assignments
• Be consistent in style use within a single work
Standard Documentation Formats
APA
American Psychological Association. (2010).
Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association. (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
• Print: Inforum, Reference: 808.02 P976P6 2nd printing
• Unofficial guide by Purdue OWL:
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
• Free “Cite in APA” workshop:
www.ischool.utoronto.ca/workshops/2012/cite-apa
APA
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012).
APA
References
Fletcher, D. and Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory
of psychological resilience in Olympic champions.
Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 13(5), 669-678.
MLA
Modern Language Association of America. MLA
Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed.
New York: MLA, 2009. Print.
• Print: Inforum, Reference 808.02 G437M7
• Unofficial guide by Purdue OWL:
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/11/
MLA
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher and Sarkar 672).
MLA
Works Cited
Fletcher, David and Sarkar, Mustafa. “A Grounded
Theory of Psychological Resilience in Olympic
Champions.” Psychology of Sport & Exercise 13.5
(2012): 669-678. Print.
Chicago
Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 2010.
• Print: Inforum, Reference 808.02 U58M16
• Full online manual: go.utlib.ca/cat/6662347 (Our
Faculty contributes to this U of T subscription)
Chicago (Author-Date)
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher and Sarkar 2012, 672).
Chicago (Author-Date)
References or Works Cited
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. 2012. “A
Grounded Theory of Psychological Resilience in
Olympic Champions.” Psychology of Sport & Exercise
13 (5): 669-678.
Chicago
(Notes-Bibliography)
Footnote/endnote
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress.1
1
David Fletcher and Mustafa Sarkar, “A Grounded
Theory of Psychological Resilience in Olympic
Champions,” Psychology of Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5
(2012): 672.
Chicago
(Notes-Bibliography)
Bibliography
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. “A Grounded
Theory of Psychological Resilience in Olympic
Champions.” Psychology of Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5
(2012): 669-678.
Turabian
Turabian. Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for
Students and Researchers. 7th ed. Revised by Wayne C.
Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams,
and University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
• Print: Inforum Reference 808.02 T929M7
• Online quick guide:
www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_cit
ationguide.html/
Turabian (Parenthetical ReferencesReference List)
In-text citation
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress
(Fletcher and Sarkar 2012, 672).
References
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. 2012. A
Grounded Theory of Psychological Resilience in
Olympic Champions. Psychology of Sport & Exercise
13, no. 5: 669-678.
Turabian (Notes-Bibliography)
Footnote/endnote
One study found that numerous psychological factors
protect athletes from the negative effects of stress.1
1
David Fletcher and Mustafa Sarkar, “A Grounded Theory of
Psychological Resilience in Olympic Champions,” Psychology of
Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5 (2012): 672.
Bibliography
Fletcher, David and Mustafa Sarkar. “A Grounded Theory of
Psychological Resilience in Olympic Champions.” Psychology
of Sport & Exercise 13, no. 5 (2012): 669-678.
Citation Management Tools
RefWorks
• Account creation: refworks.scholarsportal.info
OR
www.library.utoronto.ca  Research  Tools &
utilities  RefWorks
• Group code: RWToronto
• Free workshop:
resource.library.utoronto.ca/workshops/
Zotero
• Open source Firefox browser extension:
www.zotero.org
• Free workshop:
www.ischool.utoronto.ca/workshops/2012/citat
ion-with-zotero
WizFolio
• Register at:
wizfolio.com/Pages/Registration.aspx
• Free workshop:
www.ischool.utoronto.ca/workshops/2012/citat
ion-with-wizfolio
EndNote
• Free EndNote Web account:
http://go.utlib.ca/cat/7912027
 Go to My EndNote Web
• U of T LibGuide on how to use EndNote:
http://guides.library.utoronto.ca/endnoteweb
Help with Citations
At the St. George Campus
• Writing Centre
www.writing.utoronto.ca
• English Language and Writing Support
(ELWS), School of Graduate Studies
www.sgs.utoronto.ca/informationfor/stude
nts/english
Online Help
• Purdue OWL: owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
• LibGuides on citation:
guides.library.utoronto.ca/cat.php?cid=27434
– Guides are created by librarians from across the
University of Toronto Libraries system
Information Services @ the iSchool
Visit the Inforum, or
make an appointment
with a librarian.
Figure 6. Inforum information desk. Image source:
Information Services. Copyright: Faculty of Information
Inforum (4th floor)
416.978.7060
help.ischool@utoronto.ca
http://www.ischool.utoronto.ca/services/inforum-is
Quiz Solutions
Questions & Workshop Evaluation
References
Caswell, T. (n.d.). The Inforum [Photograph]. Retrieved from: http://www.ischool.utoronto.ca/services/inforum-is
De Voss, D. and Rosati, A. (2002). “It wasn’t me was it?” Plagiarism and the Web. Computers and Composition, 19: 191-203.
Dunn, A. (2004). Newton’s telescope replica [Photograph]. Retrieved from:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NewtonsTelescopeReplica.jpg
Durova. (2008). An illustrative example of plagiarism [Photograph]. Retrieved from: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plagiarism.jpg.
Information Services. (n.d.). Inforum information desk [Photograph]. Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
La Moncloa. (2011). Pal Schmitt, Hungarian politician in a meeting with José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero [Photograph]. Retrieved from:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A1l_Schmitt_%282011%29.jpg
OED Online. (2012 June). "plagiarism, n.". Oxford University Press. Retrieved from:
www.oed.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/view/Entry/144939?redirectedFrom=plagiarism.
Prescott, S. (1999). “Communication of knowledge”. Retrieved from:
http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/mjm/v05n02/v05p067/v05p067main.htm#ref1
“President of Hungary Resigns Amid Allegations That He Plagiarized Doctoral Thesis”. (2012 April 2). The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Retrieved from: http://chronicle.com/blogs/global/president-of-hungary-resigns-amid-allegations-that-he-plagarized-doctoralthesis/32720
Queen. (2011). Under pressure – ft. David Bowie [Video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/CnTFNsmToHg
RefWorks. (2009). Retrieved from: http://www.refworks.com/content/products/content.asp
References
Steinegger, R. (2010). Stephen Harper – World Economic Forum annual meeting Davos 2010 [Photograph]. Retrieved from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/15237218@N00/4313730148.
Suarez, M. F., Woudhuysen, S.J. and Woudhuysen, H.R. (Eds.). (2010). "plagiarism" . In The Oxford Companion to the Book. Oxford
University Press. Retrieved from:
www.oxfordreference.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t290.e3751
Thomson Reuters. (2012). EndNote. Retrieved from: http://endnote.com
University of Toronto, Governing Council. (1995). Code of behaviour on academic matters. Retrieved from:
www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/policies/behaveac.htm
Vanilla Ice. (2009). Ice ice baby [Video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/rog8ou-ZepE
WizFolio. (2010). Retrieved from: http://wizfolio.com/#&panel1-1
Zotero. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.zotero.org