Comparing IBM DB2 for z/OS’s
High Performance Analytics
and Transaction Processing to
Oracle
Session #6973
Sheryl M. Larsen, IBM
Wed, 29/Oct, 03:00 PM - 04:00 PM
© 2014 IBM Corporation
Please Note
• IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or
withdrawal without notice at IBM’s sole discretion.
• Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general
product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision.
• The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment,
promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information
about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract.
• The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described
for our products remains at our sole discretion.
Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks
in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will
experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as
the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the
storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be
given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here.
2
Three Myths
#1 Oracle RAC can scale like DB2
#2 Oracle has the same availability as DB2
#3 Oracle Exadata Database Machine can do business
analytics like DB2 + IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator
Oracle Real Application Clusters for OLTP Demo
Server 1
Server 2
Database Resources (rows)
Transactions
Oracle RAC for OLTP
Server 1
Server 2
Database Resources (rows)
Transactions
Oracle RAC for OLTP
Server 1
Transactions
Server 2
Oracle RAC for OLTP
Server 1
Server 2
Inefficient utilization of resources!
Limited Scalability!
Transactions
Oracle RAC uses network based sharing

Shared disk across nodes

Software-based distributed
lock and cache management


InfiniBand
Shared
Interconnect
Less efficient scalability due
to increasing inter-node
activity as cluster grows or as
workload increases
Locks
Cache
Locks
Cache
Oracle
Oracle
Unable to scale bandwidth for
Data Warehouse processing
Locks
Cache
Oracle
Switch
Disks
BEFORE / WITHOUT EXADATA
IBM Internal Use Only
8
Oracle 12c with Real Application Clusters (RAC)
• 3 Oracle 12c Instances, 1 per server
• RAC is software that manages the application clusters across
the servers
High Speed Interconnect
Separate Servers
- No shared components
- Each running an Oracle
Instance
Fiber Channel Switch
- for concurrent access to
shared storage
Single storage with
single copy of the database
9
DB2 for z/OS Data Sharing is hardware based
• There are many ways to separate DB2 Databases
 For example, 1 LPAR on each machine
Coupling Facility
(dedicated processors and memory)
Group Bufferpools
Centralized Lock Mechanism
Shared Storage
 DB2 for z/OS delivers a truly
scalable shared disk architecture
True shared caching
 Delivers better availability
 Hot pages stored in centralized
cache
 Faster recovery if one member
fails
10
Myth #1 Oracle RAC can scale like DB2
DB2 Parallel Sysplex Clusters vs. Oracle RAC
DB2 for z/OS
Oracle RAC
Centralized Coupling Facility Design
Distributed Design
CF
Locks
Cache
Network Switch
InfiniBand Switch
DB2
DB2
DB2
Member Member Member
Shared Disk
lock and buffer management communicates
with central coupling facility
Locks
Cache
Oracle
Node
Locks
Cache
Oracle
Node
Locks
Cache
Oracle
Node
Shared Disk
distributed locking and buffer
management
11
Oracle RAC’s distributed lock management design
causes network overhead
X
X
115
100
100
Master
Node
Instance
Instance
Instance
Instance
A
B
C
D
Network
Transfer
Lock
Inform
Request
Release
Done
assume
Lock
Lock
Lock
Write
Holder
and
Lock
Data
Inter-node connections:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7.
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
D
B
C releases
updates
requests
request
acknowledges
C haveAdata,
local
write
C
read
to release
copy
lock
5. and
A
lock
and
locks
lock
assumes
to
release
and
and
local
transfer
lock
lock
copies
data
transfers data element
D is
element
and
theinforms
locktomaster
BD
for this element
In a cluster with 4 nodes, an update operation may need
6 network connections and two in-memory calls (not shown).
Example based on Oracle’s US Patent 7,107,319 B2.
12
zEnterprise’s centralized Coupling Facility permits efficient lock
and cache management in DB2
z/OS
image B
with DB2
z/OS
image A
with DB2
X
100
CF can
support over
1 million
requests per
second
100
115
115
CF
Buffer Pools
Locks
High Speed
Hardware
Links
1. B registers page to
CF and obtains
write lock
2. B updates data
3. B commits update
B caches update
in group buffer pool
X
100
z/OS
image C
with DB2
A and C have data
in local buffer pool
without locks
z/OS
image D
with DB2
CF invalidates all
cached copies
without interrupting
processors
Cache and locks are maintained with no inter-node disturbance!
13
Myth #1 Oracle RAC can scale like DB2
DB2 Parallel Sysplex Clusters Scale far Better!
DB2 for z/OS
Near Linear Scalability
• DB2 for z/OS - Adding
nodes is close to perfect
linear scaling
12
Perfect Linear
Performance
Productive
Nodes
11
Productive Nodes
10
9
9.98
8
7
6.86
6
5.24
5
4
3.48
3
2
1.78
1
1
2
3
1.69
4
Oracle RAC
Poor Scalability
2.44
5
6
7
8
Nodes in Cluster
9
10
11
• Oracle inter-node
communications make
scaling difficult
12
Oracle RAC characteristics as shown in Dell RAC InfiniBand Study http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/power/ps2q07-20070279-Mahmood.pdf
CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) http://www.oracleracsig.org/pls/apex/RAC_SIG.download_my_file?p_file=1001900
Insight Technology http://www.insight-tec.com/en/mailmagazine/vol136.html
DB2 for z/OS OLTP result (ITG ‘03)
14
What about Availability?
Myth #2 Oracle RAC can have the same availability as DB2
zEnterprise EC12 Parallel Sysplex Availability Leads The Pack
Downtime Survey (400 participants in 20 countries)
Downtime Hours Per Year
3.5
3
System z Parallel
Sysplex with
99.999% availability
5 minutes
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Microsoft
Win2003
on
Intel x86
Microsoft
Win2008
on
Intel x86
Novell
HP
HP
Linux on
HP-UX
HP-UX
Intel x86
on
on
(unmodified) Intel Itanium HP PA-RISC
Sun
Solaris
on
Sun SPARC
Mandrake
Linux
on
Intel x86
Novell
Linux on
Intel x86
(modified)
IBM
AIX
on
IBM Power
IBM
z/OS
Sysplex
Source: ITIC: ITIC 2009 Global Server Hardware & Server OS Reliability Survey; July 2009; http://itic-corp.com/blog/2009/07/itic-2009-global-server-hardware-server-os-reliability-surveyresults/; Results are measured in minutes per year.
*Note: All operating systems included in the survey are not included in this chart. Fifteen operating systems on various processor architectures were included in the survey. The chart will
be updated when the full report is available.
16
Myth #2 Oracle RAC can have the same availability as DB2
Availability: Maintenance and Upgrade
DB2 for z/OS: Applications keep running during maintenance and upgrades!
Maintenance
in place even
with mixed
versions
Refresh in place
Oracle RAC requires downtime to upgrade the database
Source: Fact that RAC required downtime to upgrade is
documented in Metalink Note 244241.1
zEnterprise parallel sysplex clusters provide
unmatched processing power and availability
• Clustering driven by
specialty engines
(Coupling Facility)
• Presents a single
system image of a
z/OS workload
CF
CF
Single System
Sysplex
CF
CF
• Potentially 2.5M MIPS
per 32-way cluster*
*Equivalent to about 240 of the largest Oracle servers
CF
CF
External Coupling Facility
(Can be different class server)
• Enables rolling updates
CF
CF
Cross Connected Servers
with internal Coupling Facilities
• Supports continuous access
to business services and data –
from anywhere, at anytime
• Designed for 99.999%
availability
18
Myth #3 Oracle Exadata Database Machine handles business analytics like DB2 +
IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator
Optimal Execution of Mixed Workloads
Transactional
Many concurrent
transactions
throughput
Business Analytics
Deep Analytics
Complex analytic
queries
response time
Operational Analytics
Many concurrent
queries
of varying complexity
throughput
Real time answers cannot be derived from extracted data sources
19
Exadata to the Rescue?
• Exadata intended to “fix” Oracle storage bottleneck for DW
Exadata
Storage
Servers
Networking
Database
Servers
For every Oracle database server
there are additional “Exadata”
servers to perform the I/O, each
with 12 disk drives and new
Exadata software
• Extreme Performance and Scalability for All Applications
• Oracle Exadata X4-8 is especially well suited for high-end OLTP
workloads, in-memory or memory-intensive workloads, large-scale
database consolidations, including DBaaS, and multi-rack data
warehouses.
IBM Internal Use Only
Exadata is a Hardware Band-Aid for Oracle RAC
•
Still uses Oracle RAC at the end of the day
 Oracle is simply throwing lots of H/W at this problem to make it faster
• Another layer of servers which all need to be licensed
•
Oracle needs this band-aid because they do not have an MPP solution
 MPP is the proven way to properly reduce I/O (joins, aggregates,
query push downs, etc.) and interconnect traffic
•
Adding another layer of servers to scan and filter data still doesn’t solve
RAC’s problems
 Example: “large sorts cause massive performance problems with
RAC”
• Quote from noted Oracle expert, Don Burleson
Internal Use Only
What They are Advertising
Oracle Exadata Database Machine is best for:
• ERP, CRM, data warehousing, HR
• Mix OLTP, DW, batch and reporting
• Large memory allows many
databases to be consolidated
22
Exadata Adds an I/O Layer and Complexity to RAC
Requires Oracle 11g R2
or higher Enterprise
Server plus Oracle RAC
software
Limited to predicate and
column filtering for table
scans and large-table-small
table join processing.
Reality – Managing Parallel Execution of
Concurrent Workloads With Oracle RAC is
EXTREMELY COMPLEX!
Internal Use Only
The Exadata Database Machine summary
• A hardware band-aid for Oracle RAC to “fix” I/O performance
issues
•
•
•
•
Is Not Smart Storage – just a bunch more servers
Is complex under the covers – 2 layers of server clusters
Degraded performance upon server failure
Not Sparc and Not Solaris* (runs Oracle Enterprise Linux, which is
not widely accepted in the market)
• Exadata Smart Scan disrupted when data is actively being
updated
• Exadata compression enabled only for bulk loading read-only data
• Doesn’t include OLAP, data mining, business intelligence
• Newest edition has slower discs increasing I/O from 4 – 6ms
24
What Else are They are Advertising?
• Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine X3-4
 Engineered System for Extreme Analytics
 Oracle Exalytics is the industry’s first engineered system for inmemory analytics that delivers extreme performance for
Business Intelligence and Enterprise Performance Management
applications.
 Built using best in class hardware, market- leading business
intelligence software and in-memory database technology,
Oracle Exalytics is an optimized system that delivers speed of
thought analysis with unmatched intelligence, simplicity and
manageability.
 Requiring no application redesign
Bundle of Oracle Business
Intelligence Foundation (Oracle
OBI EE, Oracle publisher, and
Essbase) together with Oracle’s
Times Ten in-memory database
Exalytics
Sun Fire
x4470 M2
server.
25
Oracle Summary
• RAC lives inside Exadata
• Data often arrives from DB2
Once the data is
extracted it is old
and stale unless
kept in sync with
replication

Exadata exports data to Exalytics
Exalytics
Hosts a whole database, data mart, result cache or
cube in 1TB max memory
26
They adopt an extremely expensive ETL strategy to
support analytics
A large European
bank:
Analytical
Data
Analytical
Data
Analytical
Data
Analytical
Data
Operational
Data
Analytical
Data
 120 database images
created from bulk data
transfers
 1,000 applications on 750
cores with 14,000 software
titles
 ETL consuming 28%
of total distributed cores
and 16% of total MIPS
A large Asian bank:
 One mainframe devoted
exclusively to bulk data
transfers
 ETL consuming 8%
of total distributed core
and 18% of total MIPS
With this strategy, IT costs grow faster than business growth
Source: IBM Eagle Studies
27
What about Security?
System z – Protect Critical Data End To End
Privacy Rights
Clearinghouse noted
621 security breaches
during 2013, involving
258 million sensitive
records …
System z
security breaches:
Source: http://www.privacyrights.org/data-breach/new
http://www.redspin.com/docs/Redspin-2013-Breach-Report-Protected-Health-Information-PHI.pdf
http://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2014/01/10/target-data-breach-spilled-info-on-as-many-as-70-million-customers/
29
0
Oracle security patches far outnumber those for DB2
for z/OS
100
90
Cumulative Database
Security Fixes Since 1Q10
Number of Fixes
80
Oracle: 14 security
patches during the past
year:
 April 2014 - 104 total,
2 for the database
 January 2014 – 144 total,
5 for the database
 October
2013
Oracle
DB - 127 total,
4 for the
DB2 database
on z/OS
 July 2013 - 89 total,
3 for the database
70
60
Oracle DB
DB2 for z/OS
50
40
30
20
10
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
DB2 – only 40 security patches over past 29
years
Source: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security
30
Back to Myth #3
Oracle Exadata Database
Machine handles business
analytics like DB2 + IBM
DB2 Analytics Accelerator
IBM has the only near-Real Time Analytics!
Business Analytics
Operational Analytics Deep
Analytics
Operational
Data
Analytics
Data
IBM zEnterprise
Analytics System 9700
• A workload-optimized, blade-based
appliance that runs queries in seconds
versus hours
 Storage integrated into the hardware
rack
 Eliminate table indexing and query
tuning
• Deeply integrated with DB2 for z/OS, and
transparent to applications
 Pre-load data from DB2 for z/OS into
Accelerator at over 400GB/hr
zEC12
IBM DB2 Analytics
Accelerator
 Maintain a single copy of table or
partition in Accelerator and update
incrementally (High Performance
Storage Saver)
 System z workload management
implemented across Accelerator
32
Oracle RAC for OLTP
Server 2
Server 1
`
Inefficient utilization of resources!
Limited Scalability!
Transactions
The Analyst Community Has Taken Notice!
• “By eliminating analytic latency and data synchronization issues, hybrid
transaction/analytical processing will enable IT leaders to simplify their
information management infrastructure”
 “This architecture will drive the most innovation in real-time analytics
over the next 10 years via greater situation awareness and improved
business agility”
 Real Time Analytics that minimizes or eliminates analytics latency or
synchronization issues by eliminating the divide between operational
and analytical systems.
Hybrid Transaction and Analytics Processing
(HTAP)
Gartner Research Note G00259033: Gartner 01-2014 Hybrid Transaction Analytical Processing Will Foster Opportunities
The best-fit solution – Move analytics closer to the
data
Extract
Transform
Load (ETL)
Data
Store
Analysis
Tools
InfoSphere
Information
Server
DB2
Cognos BI
z/VM
z/OS
z/VM or z/OS
IBM zEnterprise Analytics System
9700 –
A comprehensive packaged solution
including hardware, OS, and business
analytics software
SPSS
z/VM
Full function
operational business
intelligence AND
business analytics
on the same platform
FastStart Service Pack enables quickest
time to value with the least amount of
impact
Data Integration Pack provides data
movement and transformation, data
discovery and real-time delivery
Data Analytics Pack includes QMF,
Cognos and SPSS
Predictive
Analytics
zEnterprise
IBM DB2 Analytics
Accelerator
35
That’s what IBM did!
Blue Insight delivers incremental value across IBM
Building a “culture of performance” by Progressing the Possible to the Proven
“World's Largest Cognos Deployment”
Solution Components
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IBM® Cognos® Business Intelligence
IBM SPSS® Statistics
IBM SPSS Modeler
IBM InfoSphere® Warehouse
IBM zEnterprise™ 196
IBM DB2 for z/OS
IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator
Technical Value
100+ stand alone deployments into
ONE analytics environment
Supports 450,000+ global users
Consolidates value from 660+ data
warehouses
500+ analytic applications across all
business processes
Business Value
Produces 5+ Million $ in yearly
efficiency savings
Conservatively added 300+ Million
in business value this year
IBM Software
Computer Services
IBM Blue Insight – Turning big data into actionable
business insight – fast and at low cost
400 percent faster
responses to complex queries
100 hours to 6 minutes
acceleration for one key analytics
report
Game-changing insight
available almost in real time
Solution components
The transformation: Previously, analyzing huge volumes of data
from hundreds of systems required the creation of multiple inflexible
data marts. Today, IBM can deliver near-real time analytic insight
without going through manual data extraction and preparation
stages, enabling users to respond to emerging business challenges
faster and make more timely, fact-based strategic decisions.
Software
• IBM® DB2® Analytics Accelerator
for z/OS®
“DB2 Analytics Accelerator has enabled us to change the
• IBM Cognos® Enterprise
• IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows way we do business.”
—Larry Yarter, Chief Architect, IBM Blue Insight Business Analytics
• IBM DB2 for z/OS
Competency Center
• IBM PureData™ for Analytics
• IBM SPSS® Statistics
• IBM SPSS Modeler
Hardware
• IBM zEnterprise® 196
ZSP03876-USEN-02
System z: A Hybrid Transaction and Analytics Platform HTAP
A single workload-optimized system for accelerating decisions to the speed of
business
Integrate
DB2 11 and Big
Insights provide this
extended capability
OLTP Transactions
Operational analytics
High concurrency
DB2 Native
Processing
Advanced analytics*
Standard reports
OLAP
Complex queries
Historical queries
IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator
Real time data ingestion
Everything is
online –
analytics in
the right place!
Data is our clients’ most important resource. The more
effectively and efficiently they use that data, the
greater their competitive advantage.
Analytics models and software.
These are the tools that deliver
actionable insights from data.
Predictive View
Data warehouses, marts, etc.
These data sources support
reporting and predictive model
creation.
Historical View
The operational systems that
house the book of record. These
data sources are critical to dayto-day business processes.
Real-Time View
39
A
D
V
A
N
T
A
G
E
… what happens if trends continue?
… what happens if <fill in the blank>?
… what is likely to happen next?
… how to achieve the best outcome?
… what happened?
… how many, how often, where?
… what the problem is, exactly?
… what actions are needed?
Business-critical analytics
solutions depend on
where the source data
resides
DB2:
Compare
What is
happening
now or in
the future
analytics?
Incremental updates keep
Data in sync
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
V
a
l
u
e
Oracle:
What happened at the
time of extract
analytics?
Exalytics
A static data environment
Business
Value
40
Leading The World For Hybrid Transaction & Analytic
Processing, HTAP!
IBM zEnterprise
#1 Efficiency at scale
#2 Trusted resiliency
#3 Optimized for OLTP and
near real-time analytics
zEC12
IBM DB2
Analytics
Accelerato
r
41
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